Unit 4 Weather and our lives it作形式主语（单元核心语法精练）英语新教材沪教版五四学制六年级下册

Unit 4 Weather and our lives 核心语法精练（it 作形式主语） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 3 二、单词拼写 4 三、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 （一）it 指代 基本概念 当句子主语是“时间、天气、距离”等概念时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语在后面。 结构形式 类别 常用句型 例句 时间 What time is it? It’s + 时间. It’s half past ten. It’s late. 星期/日期 What day is it? It’s + 星期.It’s + 日期. It’s Thursday. It’s 16 September. 季节 What season is it? It’s + 季节. It’s spring now. 天气 It’s + 形容词（rainy/sunny等）It’s + 动名词（raining/snowing）It + 动词（rains/snows） It’s raining. It’s a nice day today. It rains a lot here. 温度 It’s + 数字 + degrees. It’s 25 degrees. 距离 It’s + 数字 + from... to... How far is it? It’s three kilometres from our home to the city centre. It’s not far. （二）it 作形式主语 基本概念 当真正的主语是“to do sth.”（不定式短语）时，为了避免头重脚轻，把 it 放在句首作形式主语，将不定式短语后置。 结构形式 结构 It’s (It is) + 形容词 + to do sth. 例句 It’s nice to do the weather experiment. It’s impossible to travel in the weather balloon. It wasn’t easy to predict weather in the past. It’s dangerous to play with fire. 注意 否定形式：It’s not easy / It isn’t easy... 过去时：It was difficult... / It wasn’t safe... 易错点 ❌ It’s rain today. ✅ It’s rainy today. 或 It rains today. ❌ It’s three kilometres far. ✅ It’s three kilometres from here. 一、单项选择 1．During the UK heatwave, ________ was hard for some schools to keep students cool. A．there B．this C．that D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在英国热浪期间，对一些学校来说，让学生保持凉爽是一件很困难的事。 there那里；this这个；that那个；it它。 原句符合固定句型It is/was+形容词+for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”，其中it在这里作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to keep students cool，其他选项均无法充当形式主语。 2．________ is very kind of Lisa to tell Yiming the best time to visit London. A．This B．It C．There D．She 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Lisa告诉Yiming去伦敦旅游的最佳时间，这很贴心。 This这个；It它；There那里；She她。根据“_____ is very kind of...”可知，此处考查It is+形容词+of sb.+to do sth.结构，表示“某人做某事真……”。应填It。 3．—Is ________ a good time to visit Kunming in spring? —Yes. The weather is pleasant and not too hot. A．this B．that C．there D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——春天是去昆明旅游的好时机吗？——是的。天气很舒适，也不太热。 this这个；that那个；there那里；it它。根据“Is”和“to visit Kunming”可知，此处考查it作形式主语的固定句型：It is+名词/形容词+to do sth，句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to visit Kunming in spring，变成疑问句后结构依然是Is it...?应填it。 4．There is a lot of snow on the road. ________ is dangerous to drive fast. A．This B．That C．It D．There 【答案】C 【详解】句意：路上有很多雪，开快车很危险。 This这；That那；It它；There在那里。固定句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to drive fast，这是英语中为了避免句子头重脚轻的常用结构。 5．—Why do you like spring? —Because ________ is nice to go hiking and enjoy the sunshine. A．there B．this C．that D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你为什么喜欢春天？——因为去徒步旅行，享受阳光十分惬意。 there那，那里；this这个；that那个；it它。根据“... is nice to go hiking and enjoy the sunshine.”可知，此处句型是：it is +形容词+to do sth.“做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，符合语法语境。 6．There ________ many ways to predict the weather, but ________ is still hard to be right every time. A．are; it B．is; it C．are; there D．is; there 【答案】A 【详解】句意：预测天气的方法有很多，但想要每次都准确依然很难。 第一空，主语“many ways”为复数，be动词用are；第二空，固定结构“It is+形容词+to do sth.”中“It”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to be right every time，因此这里应用it作形式主语。 7．________ is important to drink enough water on very hot days. A．This B．It C．There D．Those 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在非常炎热的日子里，喝足够的水很重要。 This这个；It它；There那里；Those那些。根据“…is important to drink...”可知，此处考查“It is important to do sth.”结构，表示“做某事很重要”。真正的主语是to drink enough water，it做形式主语。应填it。 8．________ is not easy to ride a bike in heavy rain. A．This B．There C．It D．One 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在大雨中骑自行车不容易。 形式主语的固定句型：It is+adj.+to do sth.，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式to ride a bike in heavy rain，这是英语中为了避免句子头重脚轻的常用结构。 9．________ is my duty to clean the blackboard every Monday. A．One B．That C．This D．It 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每周一擦黑板是我的职责。 考查形式主语It的用法。One一个；That那个；This这个；It它。句子中真正的主语是动词不定式短语to clean the blackboard，在英语中，当主语为不定式时，需用It作形式主语置于句首，故选D。 10．________ is necessary for us to follow the safety rules at school. A．This B．It C．That D．There 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们有必要遵守学校的安全规则。 考查it固定句型。This这个；It它，可以作形式主语；That那个；There那里。分析句子，该句是“It is+adj+for sb to do sth”固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to follow the safety rules”。故选B。 11．It’s necessary ________ us ________ English. A．for; to learn B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．of; learning 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对于我们来说，学英语是必要的。 考查It做形式主语句型。It做形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，结构为：It’s+形容词+ (for sb.) +to do sth“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故选A。 12．There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all. A．They B．These C．It D．Those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有这么多书。读完它们要花我很长时间。 考查形式主语的用法。They他/她/它们；These这些；It可作形式主语；Those那些。句子中“will take me a long time to read them all”需要一个形式主语，通常用“it”来作形式主语。故选C。 13．________ wasn’t s easy to predict weather in the past. A．It B．These C．This D．Its 【答案】A 【详解】句意：过去预测天气并不容易。 考查it作形式主语。It is/was+adj.+to do sth“做某事……”，it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式。故选A。 14．________ is important for us to have a healthy lifestyle. A．This B．That C．It D．One 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对我们来说，拥有健康的生活方式是重要的。 考查代词。this这个；that那个；it它；on一个。根据“...is important for us to have a healthy lifestyle.”可知，此处是it is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“对某人来说做某事很……”，it为形式主语。故选C。 15．________ is not difficult to find books about different homes around the world in our library. A．This B．That C．It D．There 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们的图书馆里不难找到关于世界各地不同家庭的书。 考查it形式主语。This这个；That那个；It它；There那里。根据“is not difficult to”可知，这句话使用固定句型“It is+形容词+to do sth”，意为“做某事怎么样”。此处用It作形式主语。故选C。 二、完成句子 16．it, the, books, turned out, 600, shelves, that, could, hold (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 【答案】It turned out that the shelves could hold 600 books. 【详解】根据所给单词可知，时态是一般过去时。本句是一个由“It turned out that...”引导的主语从句句型，用来陈述一个已明确的结果，其中It为形式主语。从句中，主语是the shelves，谓语是could hold，宾语是600 books。故填It turned out that the shelves could hold 600 books. “事实证明这些书架可以容纳600本书。” 17．fun, to, after, in, it’s, the park, walk, lunch ________________________________. 【答案】It’s fun to walk in the park after lunch 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词可知，此句使用了“It's + 形容词 + to do sth.”的固定句型，表示“做某事是……的”。其中，It作形式主语，is是系动词，fun是形容词，意为“有趣的”，to walk是不定式结构作真正的主语，表示“散步”，in the park是地点状语，意为“在公园里”，after lunch是时间状语，意为“午饭后”。故填It’s fun to walk in the park after lunch“午饭后在公园散步很有趣”。 18．my family, it’s, to celebrate, fun, the Spring Festival, with (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 【答案】It’s fun to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family 【详解】根据所给单词和标点符号可知，本句为肯定句。本句运用了it作形式主语，其结构为It’s+n.+to do sth，celebrate“庆祝”；the Spring Festival“春节”；with my family“和我的家人”。故填It’s fun to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family“和我的家人一起过春节很有趣”。 19．Urumqi is quite cold and snowy today. (用it作形式主语改写句子) _____________________________ 【答案】It is quite cold and snowy in Urumqi today. 【详解】句意：今天乌鲁木齐很冷，还下雪。根据要求改为it作形式主语，其结构为：It is+形容词+地点+时间；quite cold and snowy，为形容词并列结构；此处为大地点，需要用介词in表示“在”。故填It is quite cold and snowy in Urumqi today. 20．time, manage, It is, to learn, important, how to (连词成句) ____________________________. 【答案】It is important to learn how to manage time 【详解】根据所给单词和标点符号可知，应用陈述句的形式。句子中It作形式主语，is作系动词，important作表语，to learn how to manage time是动词不定式短语作真正的主语。how to manage time是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，作learn的宾语。故填It is important to learn how to manage time“学会如何管理时间是很重要的”。 21．Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句) _______ _______ good exercise _______ _______ to school. 【答案】 It is to walk 【详解】句意：步行上学是很好的锻炼。原句主语为动名词Walking to school，可以改为用It作形式主语，动词不定式to walk to school作真正主语的形式。即It is good exercise to walk to school。故填It；is；to；walk。 22．idea, mother, an, make, to, excellent, your, it’s, birthday cake, for, a (连词成句) _________________________________. 【答案】It’s an excellent idea to make a birthday cake for your mother 【详解】分析所给词和标点符号可知，本句是it句型。it作形式主语，位于句首，首字母大写；to make a birthday cake“制作一个生日蛋糕”作真正的主语；an excellent idea表示“一个极其好的主意”；for your mother表示“为你的妈妈”。故填It’s an excellent idea to make a birthday cake for your mother“给你妈妈做生日蛋糕是个很好的主意”。 23．to do chores, is, important, for children, at home, it (连词成句) ___________________________________________________. 【答案】It is important for children to do chores at home 【详解】由标点可知应用陈述句句式；分析所给单词，it作形式主语，后跟is，important为形容词，作表语；for children作补语；to do chores为不定式，作句子真正的主语；at home作状语。故填It is important for children to do chores at home“让孩子在家做家务是很重要的”。 24．go on, in the park, nice, it, is, in spring, a picnic, to (连词成句) ____________________? 【答案】Is it nice to go on a picnic in the park in spring 【详解】根据参考词汇和标点提示可知，句子为it固定句式的一般疑问句，时态为一般现在时，用“Is it+adj.+to do sth+其他?”的结构，be动词Is，位于句首，首字母i需大写，其后接形式主语it，形容词nice“美好的”，作表语，后为动词不定式to后接动词短语go on a picnic表示“去野餐”，动词go用原形，作真正的主语，介词短语in the park表示“在公园里”，作地点状语，位于时间状语in spring“在春天”之前。故填Is it nice to go on a picnic in the park in spring“春天去公园野餐好吗”。 25．It takes about 15 minutes to drive to Dragon Bay. (对划线部分提问) ____________________________________________ 【答案】How long does it take to drive to Dragon Bay? 【详解】句意：开车到龙湾大约需要15分钟。划线部分“about 15 minutes”表示时间长度，对其提问用how long；原句时态为一般现在时，it作形式主语，故助动词要用does，放在主语it前，后接动词原形take，其余不变。故填How long does it take to drive to Dragon Bay? 26．in winter, interesting, snowman, to, it, a, is, make（连词成句） _______________________________________________________. 【答案】It is interesting to make a snowman in winter 【详解】根据所给标点可知该句为陈述句。分析所给单词，it作形式主语，is作谓语，interesting作表语，to make a snowman作真正的主语，in winter作时间状语。故答案为：It is interesting to make a snowman in winter“在冬天，堆雪人很有趣。” 27．Lily spent ten minutes cleaning her room last night. （保持句意基本不变） It ________ Lily ten minutes ________ clean her room last night. 【答案】 took to 【详解】句意：莉莉昨晚花费十分钟时间打扫她的房间。此处可用句型：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填took；to。 28．it,  does,  how long,  travel to,  take,  to,  the airport（?）(连词成句) ________________________________? 【答案】How long does it take to travel to the airport 【详解】how long“多久”，引导特殊疑问句；does是助动词，放在疑问词后；it作形式主语；take“花费”；动词不定式to travel to the airport作真正的主语，故填How long does it take to travel to the airport“到机场要多长时间”。 29．half an hour, by car, the airport, it, takes, to get to  (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 【答案】It takes half an hour to get to the airport by car 【详解】根据所给标点可知应用陈述句的形式，分析所给单词，it作形式主语 ，takes作谓语，half an hour作宾语，to get to the airport是真正的主语，by car作状语，位于句末。故答案为：It takes half an hour to get to the airport by car“开车去机场需要半小时 ”。 30．Traditionally Chinese people eat rice dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. (同义转换) It’s ________ ________ for Chinese people ________ ________ rice dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. 【答案】 a tradition to eat 【详解】句意：按照传统，中国人在端午节吃粽子。可变成“it is +名词 for sb. to do”的结构，“it”是形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语。表达“吃粽子对于中国人来说是一种传统”，主语是“to eat”,表达“是一种传统”用“it is a tradition”。故填a；tradition；to；eat。 三、短文填空 用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。 The Running of the Bulls is an 31 (national) festival in Spain. Every July, people from different 32 (culture) come to watch this traditional event. Brave runners follow special rules to stay safe when bulls run after 33 (they) through the streets. For example, they mustn’t touch the bulls. And they mustn’t take photos when they are running. Visitors should also understand that this event can be 34 (danger) . At midnight, the whole city becomes an amazing show with 35 (colour) flowers everywhere in the streets. This unique festival shows how Spanish people celebrate their history with courage and joy. 【答案】31．international 32．cultures 33．them 34．dangerous 35．colourful 【导语】本文主要介绍了西班牙奔牛节的国际性、活动规则、潜在危险性及节日氛围，展现了当地独特的文化传统。 31．句意：奔牛节是西班牙的一个国际性节日。前面不定冠词是an，说明后面单词以元音音素开头。结合后文“Every July, people from different…(culture) come”以及常识，奔牛节是国际性节日，应用international。 32．句意：每年七月，来自不同文化背景的人们前来观看这一传统活动。空前的different以及常识表明，空处需用culture复数形式cultures。 33．句意：勇敢的奔跑者在公牛沿街追赶他们时，需遵守特定规则以保证安全。介词after后需用代词宾格。they的宾格是them，指代前面的runners。 34．句意：游客也应明白，这项活动可能很危险。danger是名词，在can be后作表语，需用形容词形式，意为“危险的”。danger的形容词是dangerous。 35．句意：午夜时分，整座城市变成一场盛大的表演，街道上到处是五彩缤纷的花朵。colour是名词，修饰名词flowers需用形容词。colour的形容词形式为colourful，意为“五彩缤纷的”。 Last summer, I went on a vacation to Dalian, a beautiful city by the sea. I was really e 36 because I had heard how wonderful the beaches and sights were. However, when we arrived, it started r 37 and didn’t stop for the whole week! At first, I thought the rain would go away quickly, but it just k 38 pouring. Our plans to visit the beach, go sightseeing and explore the city were all spoiled. We had to spend most of the time indoors and we missed out on many fun activities. Even though we tried to make the best of it by visiting museums and shopping, it wasn’t the vacation I had imagined. From this e 39 , I learned an important lesson about travelling. It is very important to check the weather forecast before you go on a trip. I 40 next time we know it is going to rain all week, we will choose a different time or prepare better for the rain. 【答案】36．excited/xcited 37．raining/aining 38．kept/ept 39．experience/xperience 40．If/f 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者去年夏天去大连度假时因持续降雨而未能如愿享受旅程的经历，并从中吸取了旅行前查看天气预报的教训。 36．句意：我非常兴奋，因为我听说那里的海滩和景色有多美。根据“…because I had heard how wonderful the beaches and sights were…”和首字母提示可知，因为听说那里的海滩和风景很美，所以感到很激动，excited“兴奋的，激动的”符合语境。故填excited。 37．句意：然而，当我们到达时，天开始下雨，整整一周都没停！根据“At first, I thought the rain would go away quickly…”可知，此处指开始下雨，rain“下雨”，动词start doing sth.“开始做某事”，空处使用动名词形式。故填raining。 38．句意：起初我以为雨会很快停，但它一直下个不停。根据“At first, I thought the rain would go away quickly, but it just…pouring.”可知，but表示转折，即：一直在下雨，keep doing sth.“一直做某事”，句中时态为一般过去时，动词使用过去式。故填kept。 39．句意：从这次经历中，我学到了关于旅行的重要一课。根据“From this…”并结合上文可知，此处介绍旅游经历，experience“经历”，可数名词，this后接单数名词。故填experience。 40．句意：如果下次我们知道会下一整周雨，我们会选择其他时间或为雨天做更好准备。根据“…next time we know it is going to rain all week, we will choose a different time or prepare better for the rain.”可知，空处所在句子为条件状语从句，结合首字母可知，if“如果”符合语境。故填If。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Weather and our lives 核心语法精练（it 作形式主语） 目录 A 考点概览·知识回顾 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单项选择 3 二、单词拼写 4 三、完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 （一）it 指代 基本概念 当句子主语是“时间、天气、距离”等概念时，常用 it 作形式主语，真正的主语在后面。 结构形式 类别 常用句型 例句 时间 What time is it? It’s + 时间. It’s half past ten. It’s late. 星期/日期 What day is it? It’s + 星期.It’s + 日期. It’s Thursday. It’s 16 September. 季节 What season is it? It’s + 季节. It’s spring now. 天气 It’s + 形容词（rainy/sunny等）It’s + 动名词（raining/snowing）It + 动词（rains/snows） It’s raining. It’s a nice day today. It rains a lot here. 温度 It’s + 数字 + degrees. It’s 25 degrees. 距离 It’s + 数字 + from... to... How far is it? It’s three kilometres from our home to the city centre. It’s not far. （二）it 作形式主语 基本概念 当真正的主语是“to do sth.”（不定式短语）时，为了避免头重脚轻，把 it 放在句首作形式主语，将不定式短语后置。 结构形式 结构 It’s (It is) + 形容词 + to do sth. 例句 It’s nice to do the weather experiment. It’s impossible to travel in the weather balloon. It wasn’t easy to predict weather in the past. It’s dangerous to play with fire. 注意 否定形式：It’s not easy / It isn’t easy... 过去时：It was difficult... / It wasn’t safe... 易错点 ❌ It’s rain today. ✅ It’s rainy today. 或 It rains today. ❌ It’s three kilometres far. ✅ It’s three kilometres from here. 一、单项选择 1．During the UK heatwave, ________ was hard for some schools to keep students cool. A．there B．this C．that D．it 2．________ is very kind of Lisa to tell Yiming the best time to visit London. A．This B．It C．There D．She 3．—Is ________ a good time to visit Kunming in spring? —Yes. The weather is pleasant and not too hot. A．this B．that C．there D．it 4．There is a lot of snow on the road. ________ is dangerous to drive fast. A．This B．That C．It D．There 5．—Why do you like spring? —Because ________ is nice to go hiking and enjoy the sunshine. A．there B．this C．that D．it 6．There ________ many ways to predict the weather, but ________ is still hard to be right every time. A．are; it B．is; it C．are; there D．is; there 7．________ is important to drink enough water on very hot days. A．This B．It C．There D．Those 8．________ is not easy to ride a bike in heavy rain. A．This B．There C．It D．One 9．________ is my duty to clean the blackboard every Monday. A．One B．That C．This D．It 10．________ is necessary for us to follow the safety rules at school. A．This B．It C．That D．There 11．It’s necessary ________ us ________ English. A．for; to learn B．for; learning C．of; to learn D．of; learning 12．There’re so many books. ________ will take me a long time to read them all. A．They B．These C．It D．Those 13．________ wasn’t s easy to predict weather in the past. A．It B．These C．This D．Its 14．________ is important for us to have a healthy lifestyle. A．This B．That C．It D．One 15．________ is not difficult to find books about different homes around the world in our library. A．This B．That C．It D．There 二、完成句子 16．it, the, books, turned out, 600, shelves, that, could, hold (连词成句) ___________________________________________________ 17．fun, to, after, in, it’s, the park, walk, lunch ________________________________. 18．my family, it’s, to celebrate, fun, the Spring Festival, with (连词成句) ________________________________________________________________. 19．Urumqi is quite cold and snowy today. (用it作形式主语改写句子) _____________________________ 20．time, manage, It is, to learn, important, how to (连词成句) ____________________________. 21．Walking to school is good exercise. (改为同义句) _______ _______ good exercise _______ _______ to school. 22．idea, mother, an, make, to, excellent, your, it’s, birthday cake, for, a (连词成句) _________________________________. 23．to do chores, is, important, for children, at home, it (连词成句) ___________________________________________________. 24．go on, in the park, nice, it, is, in spring, a picnic, to (连词成句) ____________________? 25．It takes about 15 minutes to drive to Dragon Bay. (对划线部分提问) ____________________________________________ 26．in winter, interesting, snowman, to, it, a, is, make（连词成句） _______________________________________________________. 27．Lily spent ten minutes cleaning her room last night. （保持句意基本不变） It ________ Lily ten minutes ________ clean her room last night. 28．it,  does,  how long,  travel to,  take,  to,  the airport（?）(连词成句) ________________________________? 29．half an hour, by car, the airport, it, takes, to get to  (连词成句) _______________________________________________________________. 30．Traditionally Chinese people eat rice dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. (同义转换) It’s ________ ________ for Chinese people ________ ________ rice dumplings in the Dragon Boat Festival. 三、短文填空 用所给单词的适当形式完成短文，使其内容通顺。 The Running of the Bulls is an 31 (national) festival in Spain. Every July, people from different 32 (culture) come to watch this traditional event. Brave runners follow special rules to stay safe when bulls run after 33 (they) through the streets. For example, they mustn’t touch the bulls. And they mustn’t take photos when they are running. Visitors should also understand that this event can be 34 (danger) . At midnight, the whole city becomes an amazing show with 35 (colour) flowers everywhere in the streets. This unique festival shows how Spanish people celebrate their history with courage and joy. Last summer, I went on a vacation to Dalian, a beautiful city by the sea. I was really e 36 because I had heard how wonderful the beaches and sights were. However, when we arrived, it started r 37 and didn’t stop for the whole week! At first, I thought the rain would go away quickly, but it just k 38 pouring. Our plans to visit the beach, go sightseeing and explore the city were all spoiled. We had to spend most of the time indoors and we missed out on many fun activities. Even though we tried to make the best of it by visiting museums and shopping, it wasn’t the vacation I had imagined. From this e 39 , I learned an important lesson about travelling. It is very important to check the weather forecast before you go on a trip. I 40 next time we know it is going to rain all week, we will choose a different time or prepare better for the rain. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $