Unit 8 Green Living 单元提升强化练-2025-2026学年高中英语北师大版必修第三册

Unit 8 Green Living 单元提升强化练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Newly discovered damage to part of Glen Canyon Dam,which holds back America’s second-largest reservoir(水库),makes the 40 million people who rely on the Colorado River worried about their ability to get the water they need. The dam is a giant concrete construction between towering walls of desert red rock in just south of the Utah-Arizona state line.Inside it,where the bottom of the dam meets the Colorado River,there are four huge pipes(管道). “When these are turned on,the water will shoot three quarters of the way across the river here,” says Bob Martin,the U.S.Department of Reclamation’s deputy power manager for Glen Canyon Dam.“It’s amazing how far this water will shoot out.” But now,with Lake Powell,the reservoir behind the dam,at a near-record low due to climate change and steady demand for water,these pipes could be a lot more important.If Lake Powell continues to shrink,they may be the only way to get water out of it and into the Colorado River. Water managers are now worried because the recently discovered damage was inside those important tubes.“This is a really big problem.And it really has a big impact on how water is managed throughout this whole area,” says Eric Balken,executive director of the nonprofit Glen Canyon Institute. The dam itself remains structurally sound,and federal water managers plan to repair the pipes late this year or early next.They have not yet figured out how much it will cost.Zach Frankel,executive director of the Utah Rivers Council,says fixing them doesn’t solve the problem,and much bigger changes are needed.“We have to stop pretending like we’re in a short term drought,and reservoir levels are going to recover,” Frankel says. 1.What problem would the damage cause? A.Shortage of power supply. B.Difficulty in getting water. C.Possibility of serious floods. D.Threat to the environment. 2.What does the underlined word “shrink” in paragraph 4 mean? A.Get smaller.　 B.Freeze over. C.Dry up. D.Be polluted. 3.What can we learn about the pipes from paragraph 6? A.They will be replaced by experts at once. B.The budget of repairing them remains unclear. C.They caused damage to the structure of the dam. D.Fixing them is the key to solving the water shortage. 4.What is the main idea of the passage? A.Glen Canyon Dam contributes to water storage. B.Climate change results in damage to the Glen Canyon Dam. C.Newly-discovered damage in Glen Canyon Dam brings about concern. D.Water managers work together to make adjustments to Glen Canyon Dam. B Originally from the southeastern US,the red swamp crayfish have become an unwelcomed world traveler.They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia.These invasive(入侵的) crayfish are mobile and end anger native species.In the US,they are spread by private owners or lab researchers releasing unwanted ones into ponds and rivers.For their damaging nature,the US Fish and Wildlife Service(FWS) will by no means give up fighting against them. In 2017,the red swamp crayfish found its first Michigan home in a hotel pond.Over the years,researchers and workers have caught and removed more than 150,000 crayfish from the ponds but still see no end to completely removing them.They lay so many eggs,dig holes and can live anywhere.They outcompete native species for food and space.They have even spread across the city areas to the countryside waters.Their natural behavior and habits of digging holes make them a danger to native species and construction structures along the waterways.If left uncontrolled,they could damage water quality,wetlands,riverbanks and wild rice beds completely. Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching,hole filling and others.All of these approaches take a significant amount of time,money and scientific expert knowledge and skills.With the species continuing to enter waterways,the need to control its populations and protect native species is pressing for protecting the environment and the ecosystem.The team of researchers badly needs to develop new techniques.“We hope to find effective methods of management.The important thing is that we need a rapid combination of lab findings with field application,” said Kathleen,a crayfish biologist. “People are paying attention because the problems caused by the crayfish exist(存在) not just in Michigan,but in the entire Great Lakes basin,” said Kathleen.“This species can be really harmful to our natural resources in Michigan.If you like to get outdoors and see clean water,then you should care about this.We need further and continuous efforts to prevent similar situations from happening.” 5.Why are the red swamp crayfish unpopular with people? A.They attack local fishermen at times. B.They have eaten up all the species in water. C.They are used to living in fixed water areas. D.They greatly damage the ecological environment. 6.What makes the red swamp crayfish hard to remove? A.Their rapid speed of escape. B.Their strong reproducing ability. C.Their lack of natural enemies. D.Their particular feeding habits. 7.How are the present methods of controlling the crayfish? A.Convenient and creative. B.Practical and effective. C.Complex and dangerous. D.Time-consuming and costly. 8.What message does the text deliver? A.Living in harmony with nature is far from achievable. B.The crayfish have almost died out in the United States. C.There is still a long way to go in managing the crayfish. D.People have lost confidence in controlling invasive species. C (2025·全国一卷) Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth—they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans. Now,new research suggests that a simple,cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap(水龙头):boiling and filtering(过滤) it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters,researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes—then filtering it after it cools—could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics. Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate(碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.In the study,boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate,boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent. Additionally,the research didn’t include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types—polystyrene,polyethylene and polypropylene—and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride. Still,the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure—a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought. Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are—but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice,” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research,tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.” 9.How does the author present the issue in the first paragraph? A.By quoting an expert. B.By defining a concept. C.By giving examples. D.By providing statistics. 10.What determines the effectiveness of trapping microplastics in water? A.The hardness of water. B.The length of cooling time. C.The frequency of filtering. D.The type of plastic in water. 11.What does the author try to illustrate by mentioning bottled water in paragraph 4? A.The importance of plastic recycling. B.The severity of the microplastic problem. C.The danger in overusing pure water. D.The difficulty in treating polluted water. 12.What is Gauchotte-Lindsay’s suggestion about? A.Choice of new research methods. B.Possible direction for further study. C.Need to involve more researchers. D.Potential application of the findings. Ⅱ.七选五 Endangered species An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.　1　 Many species are nearly extinct and could disappear off the face of the earth very soon if we don’t do anything to save them.There are many reasons why species become endangered.  Habitat destruction is the main reason why animals become endangered and this happens in two ways.When humans move into a new area,the animals’ habitat is destroyed and there is nowhere for them to live and nothing to eat because humans chop down trees and build houses and farms.　2　 Chemicals in rivers and poisons on farms cause the destruction of animals’ homes and food supplies.  Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.Animals have been brought to the edge of extinction because they are killed for their highly-valued meat,fur,bones or skin,or just for sport.　3　  　4　 We should take care not to pollute natural areas,and farmers or companies who destroy animal habitats should face severe financial penalties.The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts.Governments can help,too,by making it against the law to hunt,fish or trade in endangered species.They can also provide funding for animal sanctuaries(禁猎区),to protect animals from extinction by breeding more endangered animals,which they later release into the wild.　5　  A.Animal habitats are also destroyed because of pollution. B.Eventually,all the creatures on Earth will enjoy being together. C.Recent changes,however,have helped to improve the situation. D.So what can individuals and governments do to protect endangered species? E.Extinction happens when the last of the species has died out and there will be no more. F.If we all cooperate and take these steps,we will protect these animals for future generations. G.Overfishing has resulted in many large sea creatures becoming endangered species,like sharks. Ⅲ.完形填空 It is well known that we Sherpa(夏尔巴人)are regarded as the backbone for climbing above 8,000 meters.But 　1　,there were no Sherpa on the list of 8,000-meter Winter First Ascents(攀登),which made me as a Sherpa feel 　2　.I attempted to climb K2,the second highest mountain in the world last winter,but 　3　.Yet I still wanted to see our flag put on its 　4　,which had long been my dream.  This year,I made all the arrangements and teamed with three other Sherpa.I trusted them because they were strong,　5　 and most importantly they were thinking like me—national 　6　 first.When we started on Nov.21,we 　7　 that we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks if the weather remained 　8　.But later,when we were closer to Camp Four,my left foot was getting frozen,so I was 　9　 I could put my teammates in danger if I continued.They comforted me and advised me to 　10　 it by kicking the ice,which 　11　 worked before we set out again.One of my teammates,Tenzi,was 　12　 the way and fixing lines all the way.We were climbing behind him carrying ropes and other stuff.We all knew it was 　13　 that could make all of us hold on straight to the end.  December 17 finally! At 4:43 pm,we joined shoulder to shoulder to the summit but not arriving 　14　.It didn’t 　15　 which one of us got the first,but we did it for the significant meaning.When we unite,nothing is impossible.  1.A.surprisingly B.traditionally C.naturally D.fortunately 2.A.hopeless B.ashamed C.satisfied D.relieved 3.A.remained B.complained C.failed D.suffered 4.A.territory B.ground C.border D.summit 5.A.reliable B.realistic C.attractive D.addicted 6.A.pride B.security C.property D.strategy 7.A.doubted B.confirmed C.permitted D.expected 8.A.hot B.typical C.normal D.freezing 9.A.confident B.worried C.doubtful D.amazed 10.A.warm B.free C.wrap D.affect 11.A.frequently B.actually C.hardly D.differently 12.A.losing B.asking C.limiting D.leading 13.A.guideline B.teamwork C.luck D.technique 14.A.immediately B.safely C.individually D.entirely 15.A.claim B.demonstrate C.matter D.occur Ⅳ.语法填空 The jaguar(美洲豹) is the largest cat in the Americas.A hundred years ago,jaguars 1.　　　　　　(find) everywhere from the south-western United States to Argentina,in South America.Today,jaguars are an endangered species throughout their 2.(nature) habitat and have been lost from 50 percent of their territory(领土).Today they live 3.　　　　　　　　(most) in the Amazon rainforest.And jaguars aren’t the only animals losing their homes—according 4.　　　　　　　　　 the International Union for Conservation of Nature,habitat loss 5.　　　　　　(be) the main threat to about 85 percent of all endangered plant and animal species.  Tropical(热带的) rainforests cover only about 7 percent of Earth’s land,but they’re home to about half of all known plant and animal species.Most 6.(scientist) agree that about 80,000 acres(an acre is equal to 4,047 square metres) disappear every day when trees are cut down and land is cleared for farms.Trees also play 7.　　　　　　 important role in climate change.Fewer forests mean that more greenhouse gases remain 8.　　　　　　(trap) in the atmosphere,the mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth.  Grasslands,underwater habitats,and wetlands are also at risk.For example,the World Wildlife Fund reports that about half of the world’s wetlands 9.(disappear) about a hundred years ago as a result of being drained(排干) for either farmland 10.　　　　　　 other industries.That means less space for animals to feed and raise their young.  答案 Ⅰ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了美国Glen Canyon大坝部分损坏造成民众担忧缺水的事件。 1.B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“Newly discovered damage to part of Glen Canyon Dam...their ability to get the water they need.”可知,该大坝受损会影响人们取水,故选B项。 2.A　词句猜测题。根据第四段中“But now,with Lake Powell,the reservoir behind the dam,at a near-record low due to climate change and steady demand for water,these pipes could be a lot more important.”可知,Lake Powell就是大坝后的水库,受气候变化和用水需求的影响,它的储水量几乎达到了历史新低,shrink所在句子意为“如果Lake Powell继续……”,结合前文推断,shrink意思为缩小、减少,故选A项。 3.B　细节理解题。根据第六段中“The dam itself remains structurally sound,and federal water managers plan to repair the pipes late this year or early next.They have not yet figured out how much it will cost.”可知,目前为止人们还不知道修管道需要花多少钱,故选B项。 4.C　主旨大意题。本文主要报道了美国Glen Canyon大坝部分损坏造成民众担忧缺水的事件。即这篇文章的主旨是Glen Canyon大坝新发现的破坏引起了人们的关注。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了红沼泽小龙虾作为一种入侵物种对全球多个地区的生态环境造成的负面影响,以及当前控制其数量所面临的挑战和采取的措施,同时强调了持续努力管理这些入侵物种的重要性。 5.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“They have dried wetlands in Europe and destroyed rice crops in Asia...fighting against them.”可知,红沼泽小龙虾作为入侵物种威胁到本土物种,对生态环境造成了巨大破坏。故选D项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They lay so many eggs,dig holes and can live anywhere.”可知,红沼泽小龙虾难以根除是因为它们强大的繁殖能力和适应各种生存环境的能力。故选B项。 7.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Present methods of controlling the population include daily catching,hole filling and others.All of these approaches take a significant amount of time,money and scientific expert knowledge and skills.”可知,目前控制小龙虾数量的方法都需要大量的时间、金钱以及科学的专业知识和技能,因此是耗时且成本高昂的。故选D项。 8.C　主旨大意题。通读全文,尤其是根据文章最后一段可知,尽管已经采取了一些措施来控制红沼泽小龙虾的数量,但仍然有很长的路要走。故选C项。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微塑料污染的现状,并提出了一种简单且廉价的方法来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量:煮沸和过滤。研究表明,煮沸含有足够碳酸钙的水可以去除大部分微塑料,但这种方法对所有塑料类型并不完全有效。尽管如此,这一发现为减少微塑料暴露提供了可能的途径。 9.C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas,stuck inside volcanic rocks,filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.(它们沉积在深海和喜马拉雅山,嵌入火山岩中,填满海鸟的胃部,甚至落在南极的新雪上。它们甚至出现在人类体内。)”可知,作者通过举例提出微塑料污染的问题。 10.A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Crucially,this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.(至关重要的是,这一过程依赖于含有足够碳酸钙的水来捕捉塑料)”并结合下文的研究数据可知,决定在水中捕捉微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。 11.B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Even bottled water,scientists found earlier this year,contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.(今年早些时候,科学家们发现,即使是瓶装水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可知,作者提到瓶装水是为了说明微塑料污染问题的严重性。 12.D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知,研究发现了煮沸自来水可以减少微塑料这一成果,而Gauchotte-Lindsay建议升级饮用水处理厂来去除微塑料,这就是在探讨如何将这个研究结果应用到实际的饮用水处理中,属于研究结果的潜在应用,所以D项正确。 Ⅱ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了濒危物种形成的原因以及我们应该怎样保护这些动物。 1.E　上文“An endangered species is a group of animals that could soon become extinct.”对濒危物种进行了定义,E项 “当一个物种中的最后一个死亡的时候,再也不会有了,灭绝就发生了。”承接上文,进一步阐述物种的灭绝。选项中Extinction和上文中extinct语义一致,逻辑合理。故选E项。 2.A　上文“Habitat destruction is the main reason...houses and farms.”说明动物的栖息地被破坏分两种情况,A项 “动物栖息地也因为污染而遭到破坏。”说明了栖息地被破坏的另一种方式是污染,引出下文,具体说明污染造成的破坏。选项中Animal habitats和上文中the animals’ habitat以及下文中animals’ homes语义一致。故选A项。 3.G　上文段首“Endangered species are also the result of hunting and fishing.”说明本段主旨是:过度渔猎造成了物种濒危。G项 “过度捕捞导致许多大型海洋生物成为濒危物种,如鲨鱼。”是对本段主旨的举例说明。上下文语义一致,逻辑合理。故选G项。 4.D　下文“The public can help out by refusing to buy any products made from these animals’ body parts...They can also provide funding ...”提出保护濒危动物的建议,D项 “所以个人和政府可以做什么来保护濒危物种?”位于段首,点明本段主题:怎样保护濒危动物。故选D项。 5.F　基于上文分析可知,本段主题为怎样保护濒危动物。上文建议个人和政府怎么做来保护濒危动物,F项 “如果我们合作并采取这些措施,我们将为后代保护这些动物。”承接上文,作出总结。故选F项。 Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。夏尔巴人被视为攀登8 000米以上的中坚力量,但是8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人。作者作为夏尔巴人决定改变这个事实。他和他的队友经历重重困难,最终登峰。他觉得当人们团结起来时,没有什么是不可能的。 1.A　根据上文以及转折连词But可知,夏尔巴人被视为攀登8 000米以上的中坚力量,但令人惊讶的是(surprisingly),8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人。故选A项。 2.B　根据上文“there were no Sherpa on the list of 8,000-meter Winter First Ascents”可知,8 000米冬季第一次攀登的名单上没有夏尔巴人,这件事让作为夏尔巴人的作者感到很羞愧(ashamed)。故选B项。 3.C　根据空前“I attempted to climb K2,the second highest mountain in the world last winter”以及转折连词but可知,作者试图攀登世界第二高峰,但是失败了(failed)。故选C项。 4.D　根据下文“December 17 finally! At 4:43 pm,we joined shoulder to shoulder to the summit”可知,作者希望把国旗插上山顶(summit)。故选D项。 5.A　根据空前“I trusted them”可知,作者相信他的队员,因为他们坚强、可靠(reliable)。故选A项。 6.A　根据上文“most importantly they were thinking like me ”可知,队员们和作者想的一样,都想把国旗插到世界第二高峰的山顶上,由此可知,队员们考虑的首先是民族自豪感(pride)。故选A项。 7.D　根据空后“that we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks if the weather remained 　　　”可知,作者他们预计(expected),如果天气正常,他们会在三周内成功登顶。故选D项。  8.C　根据上文“we could succeed in reaching the top within three weeks”并结合常识可知,如果天气正常的话(normal),作者他们会在三周内成功登顶。故选C项。 9.B　根据上下文内容可知,当他们接近四号营地时,作者的左脚冻僵了,所以他担心(worried)如果继续下去,他可能会把队友置于危险之中。故选B项。 10.A　根据空后“by kicking the ice”以及上文提到作者的左脚冻僵可知,队友们建议作者把冰踢掉,让腿暖和过来(warm),这样可以继续前进。故选A项。 11.B　根据空后“worked before we set out again”并结合下文作者继续攀登可知,队友们的建议实际上(actually)起了作用。故选B项。 12.D　根据下文“We were climbing behind him carrying ropes and other stuff.”可知,Tenzi在前面带路。leading the way 带路。故选D项。 13.B　根据下文“When we unite,nothing is impossible.”以及全文内容可知,是团队协作(teamwork)让作者他们成功登顶。故选B项。 14.C　根据下文“but we did it for the significant meaning”可知,作者他们肩并肩登上顶峰,而不是单个人地(individually)。故选C项。 15.C　根据下文“but we did it for the significant meaning”可知,作者认为谁先到达并不重要(matter)。故选C项。 Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍美洲豹的栖息地丧失,指明了野生动物栖息地消失的原因并强调了树木的重要性。 1.were found　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语A hundred years ago可知,使用一般过去时,主语jaguars是复数名词,和谓语动词是被动关系,需用一般过去时的被动语态,be动词用were。故填were found。 2.natural　考查形容词。修饰名词habitat需用形容词natural作定语。故填natural。 3.mostly　考查副词。修饰动词live,需用副词mostly“主要地”作状语。故填mostly。 4.to　考查介词。according to为固定短语,意为“根据”。故填to。 5.is　考查动词时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实,使用一般现在时,主语为loss,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填is。 6.scientists　考查名词。scientist为可数名词,Most后面需加可数名词复数形式。故填scientists。 7.an　考查冠词。play an important role in为固定短语,意为“在……中起重要作用”。故填an。 8.trapped　考查形容词。remain为系动词,空处需填形容词trapped作表语。故填trapped。 9.disappeared　考查动词时态。that引导的宾语从句缺少谓语动词,根据时间状语a hundred years ago可知,使用一般过去时。故填disappeared。 10.or　考查连词。either...or...为固定短语,意为“或者……或者……”。故填or。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $