Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language—Review useful structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“海洋探索”主题，聚焦动词不定式语法复习，通过短文感知黑体不定式短语引导学生自主发现其作宾语、状语等用法，再系统讲解形式特点、时态语态、功能及特殊用法，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 其亮点在于结合主题语境设计“感知-精讲-练评”流程，语法冲关与语基讲练结合，如巧学活用单句填空和语篇语法填空，培养语言能力与思维品质。帮助学生巩固语法知识，教师可借助系统资源提升教学效率。

UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 主题语境：人与自然——海洋探索 Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language —Review useful structures 内容索引 语法冲关　详析义 1 语基讲练　提能力 2 课时测评 3 语法冲关　详析义 返回 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成练习。 ——复习动词不定式 语法串烧 我的发现 　　The scientists decided①to explore the deep ocean② in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea.Their first step③ to carry out the plan is④ to send a deep water machine designed specially for the research.The machine⑤ to be controlled remotely by scientists at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg.They will watch the machine dive deep into the sea.⑥To conduct such a research is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months. 1.to explore动词不定式作动词decided的______。 2.in order to find out动词不定式短语作__________。 3.to carry out动词不定式短语作______，修饰______。 4.to send动词不定式作______。 5.to be controlled动词不定式的被动形式作______，修饰The machine。 6.To conduct动词不定式作______。 宾语 目的状语 定语 step 表语 定语 主语 一、动词不定式的形式特点 动词不定式的形式是“to＋动词原形”。其否定是在 to前面加上 not，即“not to ＋动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。 语法知识精讲 二、动词不定式的时态和语态 　　 语态及 　　　 意义 时态　　　 主动 语态 被动语态 意义 一般时 to do to be done 表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后 完成时 to have done to have been done 表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 进行时 to be doing   表示谓语动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在进行 1.动词不定式的一般时的主动形式为(not) to do，其被动形式为(not) to be done，常表示尚未发生或者谓语动词随后发生的动作或状态。 He pretended not to see me.他假装没有看到我。 With a large amount of work remaining to be done，the chief manager couldn’t spare time for a long holiday.有大量的工作等着做，总经理腾不出时间去度长假。 2.动词不定式的完成时为(not) to have done，表示动词不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。其被动式为(not) to have been done。 He pretended to have seen it before. 他假装之前看到过它。 Some 25，000 people were reported to have been killed in the worst earthquake ever recorded in that place which occurred late last month. 据报道，大约25 000人死于上个月末该地发生的有史以来最严重的地震。 3.动词不定式的进行时为(not) to be doing，表示在谓语动作发生时，动词不定式的动作也正在进行。 He pretended to be sleeping. 他假装正在睡觉。 三、动词不定式的用法功能 动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语。动词不定式强调动作的一次性、具体性。 1.作主语 动词不定式作主语通常表示具体的、一次性的动作；经常可以转换成it形式主语的结构，动词不定式置于句后作真正的主语。 To be invited to the party is really exciting. 被邀请参加聚会真的令人兴奋。 It is really exciting for us to be invited to the party.对我们来说，被邀请参加聚会真的令人兴奋。 2.作宾语 其后通常跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：agree、pretend、beg、decide、expect、fail、hope、intend、manage、afford、offer、plan、promise、refuse、wish、desire、choose、determine、demand、attempt、want、aim、prepare、hesitate、long、tend等。 He planned to learn English at the age of 40. 他计划四十岁的时候开始学英语。 注意： ①动词不定式作动词的宾语，其后跟补语时，常用it 作形式宾语，而把动词不定式后置。常见的此类动词有 make、think、feel、consider。 I make it a rule to read English articles every morning.我定下规矩每天早晨读英语文章。 ②动词intend、mean、plan、hope、want、would like/love等后跟动词不定式的完成时表示“本打算做某事而实际上却没有做”。 I intended to have gone to the party with you last night，but I was too busy then.昨晚我本打算和你一起去参加聚会，但那时我太忙了。 3.作表语 动词不定式作表语用来说明主语的内容，常用作主语的名词有：wish、plan、idea、suggestion、hope、advice、goal、aim等。 His wish is to be a doctor.他的愿望是当一名医生。 4.作宾语补足语 其后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask，tell，want，expect等。 We were expecting him to arrive yesterday. 我们一直期待着他昨天到达。 5.作定语 动词不定式作定语，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面。 He has nothing to say on this event. 关于这件事情，他没有什么要说的。 注意： 动词不定式作定语必须后置，通常要注意以下几种情况： ①被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑宾语。如果动词不定式当中的动词是不及物动词且和被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系时，动词不定式后应有必要的介词。 He has a large family to support. 他有一大家子人要养。 She has no friends to depend on. 她没有朋友可以依靠。 ②名词或代词前有序数词修饰，其后要用动词不定式作后置定语，且被修饰的名词或代词是动词不定式的逻辑主语。 He is the first student to come and the last to leave.他是第一个来的学生，也是最后一个离开的学生。 6.作状语 动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句子中作目的、结果、原因 状语。 ①作目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语，位于句首时可以用逗号与句子隔开，位于句末时其前则不能用逗号；还可以用in order(not) to do 或 so as(not) to do来表示目的，但so as (not) to do 不能置于句首。 For thousands of years，people have told fables(寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传递智慧。(2023·全国甲卷) In order to pass the exam，he worked hard. 为了通过考试，他努力学习。 ②作结果状语 动词不定式作结果状语常用于“so＋形容词/副词＋as to...如此……以至于……，形容词/副词＋enough to...足够……，too...to...太……而不能……”；也可以表达出乎意料的结果，多置于only，never，just等词后面。 Will you be so kind as to turn down the radio？ 请你把收音机的声音调小一点好吗？ The hall is too small to hold all the guests. 这个大厅太小，以至于不能容纳所有的客人。 He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 ③作原因状语 动词不定式作原因状语通常用来修饰表示情感、心理状态、性格等的形容词，常见的这类形容词有：happy、glad、lucky、surprised、sorry、angry、anxious、ready、clever、shocked、eager、foolish 等。 They are surprised to learn of his death. 得知他的死讯，他们很惊讶。 四、动词不定式前面不带to的情况 1.在固定的词组 had better之后直接跟动词原形。 You’d better not make remarks about things that you don’t know at all. 对于你不了解的事情，你最好不要发表评论。 2.在使役动词 let，make，have或感官动词 see，feel watch，notice，hear等后面作宾语补足语时，不带to。 I noticed him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我注意到他在花园里干活了。 3.在引导疑问句的why not之后。“Why not＋不带to的动词不定式？”与“Why don’t you do...？”同义，用来表示提出建议或劝告。 Why not go to Hainan for our holidays？ ＝Why don’t we go to Hainan for our holidays？ 我们为什么不去海南度假呢？ 4.动词不定式在help之后作宾语补足语时，可带to也可不带to(两者意思差别不大)。 Could you help me(to) carry those heavy books？ 你可以帮我搬一下那些重的书吗？ 五、动词不定式的特殊用法 1.疑问词 what、which、who、when、where、how 及连接词whether 可与动词不定式连用而形成一个短语，这个短语可在句中作句子的主语、宾语或表语等。 When to start has not been decided. 尚未决定何时动身。 We are debating whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside for our summer holidays. 我们正在讨论是去山上还是去海边度过暑假。 2.只能用动词不定式作主语的句式有： It takes/took sb...to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间 It is up to sb to do sth 由某人决定做某事 3.动词不定式用在 but、except、besides 等后面时，如果这些词前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么后面的不定式不带to，否则要带to。即“有 do无 to”。 She could do nothing but cry. 她什么也做不了，只能哭。 I have no choice but to go.我别无选择，只能离开。 What do you like to do besides sleep？ 除了睡觉你还喜欢做什么？ 4.动词不定式的主动形式表示被动含义的情况 ①动词不定式to blame 用作表语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame？ 该怪谁呢？ ②某些“主语＋be＋形容词＋to do”结构中，动词不定式与主语有逻辑上的被动关系时，动词不定式可用主动形式表示被动意义。 The question is difficult to answer. 这个问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read.你的字迹没法认。 ③动词不定式用于修饰“there be＋名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义相近。 There is too much work to do/to be done. 要做的工作太多了。 1.The ancient document seems ________________(write) in the 15th century. 2.She pretended _______________ (read) when the teacher entered. 3.The scientist was the first __________ (discover) this quantum phenomenon. 4.____________(master) a foreign language requires consistent practice. 5.His greatest ambition is ___________ (become) a UN peacekeeper. 6.I had no alternative but ____________(postpone) the meeting. 7.The child is too young __________ (leave) alone at home. 8.This antique car is easy _____________ (maintain) despite its age. ◎巧学活用——单句语法填空 to have been written to be reading to discover To master to become to postpone to be left to maintain 知识网络 返回 语基讲练　提能力 返回 mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物 (教材原句)Reaching out across the sea is often a mixture of danger and boredom. 横跨大海往往既危险又无聊。 核心词汇练全 归 纳 (1)a mixture of... ……的混合物 (2)mix vt.& vi. 混合；调配 mix...with... 把……与……混合起来 mix with sth/sb 与某物相融合/与某人交往 mix up 弄错；弄乱；混淆 mix...up with... 把……和……搞混 (3)mixed adj. 混合的 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)She decided to mix her coffee ______ some honey for extra sweetness. (2)A good salad is a _________ (mix) of fresh vegetables and tasty dressing. (3)The audience had _______ (mix) reactions to the comedian’s controversial performance. (4)I always mix ____ their names because they look so much alike. (5)当她读贺卡时，激动和幸福的泪水滴落在那些明信片上。(读后续写之情绪描写) When she read the cards，___________________________________ fell onto those postcards. 返回 with mixture mixed up tears of happiness mixed with excitement 课时测评 返回 Ⅰ.单句语法填空(每小题1分，共13分) 1.Many ______________(tournament)are held every year，attracting participants from different countries to compete. 2.He is a_______________ (profession)soccer player，known for his skill and dedication to the sport. 3.This chemical _________(mix) reacts quickly when exposed to heat，creating a dangerous explosion. 4.Many students use _________(laptop)in class to take notes and complete assignments. 语境基础练 tournaments professional mixture laptops 5.The crowd ___________(applaud) the speaker’s inspiring words after the powerful presentation yesterday. 6.The government plans _________(tax)large companies more to fund public health programs. 7.She decided to learn politics _______________ (understand)how government decisions impact everyday life. 8.The invitation to the event is ________________ (extend)to all employees，including part-time staff. 9.(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷) I feel an urge ___________ (express) my different voice，hoping that this wouldn’t offend you. applauded to tax to understand to be extended to express 10.(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These sepals open on warm days __________(give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. 11.(2024·全国甲卷)Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level，the national parks，in particular，tend __________ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. 12.(2024·浙江1月卷)However，if you’re shopping for one，buying extra _____________(benefit) from price reductions doesn’t make sense. 13.(2023·新课标 Ⅱ 卷)Indeed，I got a taste of victory and learned _________ (pursue) my dream with perseverance，whatever difficulties might arise. to give to catch to benefit to pursue Ⅱ.单句写作(每小题3分，共24分) 1.我写信是想和你分享上周五我在公园上的一堂美术课。 ________________________________________________last Friday. 2.他们精力充沛，积极向上，这正是我想成为的样子。 They were so energetic and positive，___________________________. 3.如果您能给我一个面试的机会，我将不胜感激。 I would be grateful if _____________________________________________. 4.为了纪念这位诗人屈原，每年的5月5日被定为端午节。 ________________，Qu Yuan，May 5 is set as the Dragon Boat Festival every year. I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park which were what I wanted to be you could give me an opportunity to have an interview To honor the poet 5.掌握公开演讲技巧能为学术展示建立信心。 __________________________ builds confidence for academic presentations. 6.教授建议我们从多角度分析这些数据。 The professor __________________________ from multiple perspectives. 7.关键在于为不同学科制定灵活的学习策略。 _________________________________________ for different subjects. 8.学校提供奖学金来资助经济困难的学生。 ___________________________________________with financial difficulties. To master public speaking skills advised us to analyze the data The key is to develop a flexible learning strategy The school provides scholarships to support students Ⅲ.语法与语篇(每小题1分，共8分) Not that long ago，my first thought at mealtimes was 1.________ (eat) at a restaurant.I was eager 2.________ (try) new restaurants.3._________ (eat) out was also a social activity，allowing me 4.____________ (enhance) the relationship with my friends.I often ate out until last month，when I came across a cooking app.There are a variety of recipes in the app 5.___________ (choose) from.They are uploaded by users，and offer detailed instructions so that others can follow them step by step.Most of the recipes include photos or videos，which are very useful for beginners.When I picked a popular recipe and gave it a try，I discovered that it was not difficult 6._________ (make) a simple and tasty dish.In the past few weeks，I’ve thrown myself into home to eat to try To eat to enhance to choose to make cooking，from boiling noodles in the pot to frying steak in the pan.I hardly eat out any more.Not only is cooking at home cheaper，but I can cook exactly what I want.It’s healthier too.No wonder people say nothing beats home cooking！ Now I am good at cooking a couple of dishes.My plan is 7.___________ (invite) my friends over at the weekend 8._________ (show)them my new-found skills.I hope that they will like my cooking！ to invite to show Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共17.5分) A MUIR BEACH CLEAN-UP (2025·湖北省咸宁市崇阳县第一中学高二下) Help protect Muir Beach by joining us at a monthly beach clean-up！ Volunteers will enjoy beautiful ocean views while they remove litter and debris (碎片)，protect native habitats，and help reduce ocean debris.This is a fun family-friendly volunteer opportunity，volunteers of all ages are welcome. When： Second Thursday of the month，9：30 am—12：30 pm. Where：Muir Beach parking lot.Registration is required. 素能提升练 Supplies： We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable supplies！ Limit waste by bringing your own bag and gloves (手套) if you have them—but don’t worry if you don’t，we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use. Age，Skills，What to Bring · Volunteers ages 10 and up are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines (PDF) for youth under the age of 15. · Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form (PDF).Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/ guardian approval section signed. · We’ll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Long pants (裤) are required. · Bring raincoat if necessary. · Bring a personal water bottle and sunscreen. · No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided. The Golden Gate National Parks Volunteer Program is a cooperative parkwide effort of the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy，the National Park Service，and the Presidio Trust. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章是一篇“缪尔海滩清理”项目的宣传广告，号召志愿者积极加入到保护缪尔海滩的活动中来。 1.What is the aim of the event？ A.To promote tourism at Muir Beach. B.To clean up and conserve Muir Beach. C.To organize a family picnic at the beach. D.To train volunteers for environmental projects. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Help protect Muir Beach by joining us at a monthly beach clean-up！”可知，这个活动的目的是清理和保护缪尔海滩。故选B。 2.What do we know about tools？ A.Volunteers must bring their own tools. B.Tools are not necessary for volunteering. C.Only single-use tools are available on site. D.Volunteers are encouraged to bring reusable ones. √ 细节理解题。根据Supplies部分“We invite volunteers to bring their own reusable...we’ll have some supplies on site for you to use.”可知，活动鼓励志愿者携带可循环使用的工具。故选D。 3.What are the volunteers expected to do？ A.Get experience before coming. B.Wear thick clothes to keep warm. C.Sign the Volunteer Agreement Form. D.Make up the Youth Policy Guidelines. √ 细节理解题。根据Age，Skills，What to Bring部分中的“Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form (PDF).Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.”可知，志愿者应该签署义工协议书。故选C。 B (2025·安徽省铜陵市第三中学高二下月考) A native of Florida，U.S.，Hannah Herbst，17，uses water power to deal with energy poverty.Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON，an ocean energy probe that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents. She told Teen Vogue，“I was really involved in theater and athletics and I’m still really into those things.When I was in the seventh grade，I was put into a summer camp.The minute I got there，I realized that I was the only girl in the program.I wanted to quit at that moment.But my dad told me，‘Just try it.’ I tried it for that day and it changed my life.” “At the camp，we started building the robots，which was something I had never done before but many of the boys had，and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving.We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform.Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me，” said Herbst. Later that year，she received a letter from her pen pal，Ruth，who lived in Ethiopia，and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies.“I knew that I wanted to do something to help，so I created BEACON，” she said. The device is made from 90％ recycled materials easily found throughout the world，including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons.It costs $12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light.Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了汉娜·赫布斯特利用海洋能源解决能源贫困的故事。 4.What can we know about Hannah Herbst in the second and third paragraphs？ A.She just liked to learn how to build robots. B.She wanted to stay here because she is the only girl. C.She learned at least two techniques during the camp. D.She was attracted to the summer camp right from the start. √ 细节理解题。由文章第三段内容可知，汉娜·赫布斯特在夏令营期间至少学到了两项技能，即编程和机器人制作。故选C。 5.How did Hannah Herbst feel after she received a letter from her pen pal？ A.Indifferent. B.Shocked. C.Light-hearted. D.Sympathetic. √ 推理判断题。由文章第四段内容可知，汉娜·赫布斯特在收到笔友的来信后，了解到笔友生活在能源匮乏的环境中，这让她感到同情，并决定制作BEACON来帮助解决这个问题。故选D。 6.What can we learn about BEACON from the article？ A.It costs 12 dollars each and still remains to be improved. B.It is recyclable and available to people across the world. C.It has been used in developing countries to power pumps. D.The electricity it generates can be used with many traditional lamps. √ 细节理解题。由文章最后一段内容可知，BEACON是由90％的回收材料制成的，每个造价12美元，汉娜希望它能被用于发展中国家为淡水泵提供动力，且正在对其进行改进。故选A。 7.Which section in the magazine might this passage come from？ A.Affairs. B.Personage. C.Science. D.Economics. √ 文章出处题。通读全文，尤其由文章第一段内容可知，文章主要讲述了汉娜·赫布斯特利用海洋能源解决能源贫困的故事，因此这篇文章可能来自杂志的“人物”版块。故选B。 Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·湖北省十堰市六县市区一中高二下月考) From pop-up exhibitions，drone shows to snacks，Hong Kong is catching the panda fever fast. Hong Kong’s Ocean Park，home 1._____ six giant pandas on the south side of Hong Kong Island，has become 2._____ “panda paradise”.The six include the giant pandas Ying Ying and Le Le—gifted by the central government to Hong Kong，and their twins 3.______ (bear) last August.Then there are the giant pandas An An and Ke Ke，also gifted by the central government to Hong Kong，4.__________ settled in the city in September. to a born who/which These giant pandas，thriving in the love of the people，symbolize the deep friendship between the mainland and Hong Kong，and have also become a major attraction for countless tourists. 5.__________ (climb) a small tree，“elder sister” skillfully reached a high spot and then leisurely 6.______ (lie) down.Meanwhile，“little brother” was 7._________ (full) absorbed in playing on the swing hanging from a tree.After a brief moment of silence，the two little cubs began to chase each other and play joyfully. Climbing lay fully At the Giant Panda Adventure of Ocean Park，the first pair of Hong Kong-born panda twins are full of energy 8._______ their adorable antics often bring smiles and laughter to visitors.On their first day of public 9.__________ (appear)，the duo (搭档) broke records by attracting around 5，000 visitors，with thousands more tuning in 10.__________ (watch) the livestream online. 　　语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是香港海洋公园成为“熊猫乐园”，吸引了大量游客前来观赏大熊猫。 and appearance to watch 1.答案：to 考查介词。home to是固定短语，意为“是……的家园”，故填to。 2.答案：a 考查冠词。“panda paradise”是单数，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，panda的发音以辅音音素开头，因此用不定冠词a，故填a。 3.答案：born 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是include，空格处用非谓语动词，twins和bear之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填born。 4.答案：who/which 考查定语从句。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词An An and Ke Ke是熊猫，当看作拟人手法时，用who引导定语从句，当看作动物时，用which引导，故填who/which。 5.答案：Climbing 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是reached，空格处用非谓语动词，“elder sister”和climb之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用动词-ing形式表主动，作状语，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Climbing。 6.答案：lay 考查动词的时态。and前后时态一致，由reached可知，句子时态是一般过去时，故填lay。 7.答案：fully 考查副词。空格处用副词fully“完全地”修饰形容词absorbed，故填fully。 8.答案：and 考查连词。“the first pair of Hong Kong-born panda twins are full of energy”和“their adorable antics often bring smiles and laughter to visitors”之间是并列关系，句子是肯定句，因此用and表并列，故填and。 9.答案：appearance 考查名词。public此处是形容词，修饰名词，appear的名词是appearance“出现”，是不可数名词，故填appearance。 10.答案：to watch 考查非谓语动词。句中谓语动词是broke，with thousands more tuning in为复合结构，空格处用非谓语动词，句子用动词不定式表目的，故填to watch。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 3　SEA EXPLORATION 返回 $