Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Discover useful structures-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Discover useful structures ——直接引语和间接引语 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成练习。 语法串烧 我的发现 　　As the storm clouds gathered over the city，the environmental scientist stood at the front of the room，her voice steady yet urgent.①“The planet is in danger，” she declared.Many experts agree that if immediate action isn't taken，the damage could be permanent.②The young activist asked the crowd if they believed they could make a difference，her eyes bright with determination.③Most environmentalists told her that every small effort counts. ④“We must shift to renewable energy sources，” the seasoned expert insisted. According to many scientists，this is the only path forward.⑤“The Earth cannot afford more delay，” warned the policy maker, his tone serious，as the room fell silent. 1．加黑处①④⑤为直接引语。 2．加黑处②③为间接引语。 语法知识精讲 直接引语和间接引语 直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。 直接引语如果改为间接引语，需在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做出相应的变化。 1．连接词的选择 (1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。 The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door.” 小男孩说：“我正在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。” →The little boy said (that) he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door. 小男孩说，他正在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。 (2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or.../...or not)或if引导。 Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？” 妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？” →Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room. 妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。 (3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “When will the sports meet be held？”he said. 他说：“什么时候举行运动会？” →He asked when the sports meet would be held. 他问什么时候举行运动会。 [温馨提示]　1.直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句中的“said to sb”常改为told sb。 2．直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 学生用书第56页 ◎巧学活用1——将直接引语变为间接引语 ①She said，“The environment is in crisis.” →She said that the environment was in crisis. ②He asked，“Are we doing enough to protect the planet？” →He asked if they were doing enough to protect the planet． ③The activist asked，“What steps can we take to reduce waste？” →The activist asked what steps they could take to reduce waste． 2．人称的变化 (记忆口诀)一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化做相应的改变。 (1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台自己的电脑。” →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。 (2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称所修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。 Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？” 她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？” →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。 (3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours.” 工人们说：“领导们经常让工人们加班。” →The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours. 工人们说领导们经常让工人们加班。 ◎巧学活用2——把下列句子变为间接引语，注意人称变化 ①“You should take better care of the environment，” he said. →He told me that I should take better care of the environment. ②“I will join the meeting tomorrow，” she said. →She said that she would join the meeting the next day. ③“She is working on a new project，” John said. →John said that she was working on a new project. 3．时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时句子时态变化如下表： 直接引语 间接引语 句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时(不变) 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。” →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。 The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。” →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。 学生用书第57页 [温馨提示]　在下面几种情况中，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化。 1．直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时，其时态不变。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth，” the teacher said to me. →The teacher told me (that) the earth moves around the sun and that the moon moves around the earth. 2．直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 Tom said，“I was born on April 21，1980.” →Tom said he was born on April 21，1980. ◎巧学活用3——把下列句子变为间接引语，注意时态变化 ①“She had already left when I arrived at the station，” he said. →He said that she had already left when he arrived at the station. ②He said，“I am reading a book about climate change because I am passionate about protecting the environment.” →He said that he was reading a book about climate change because he was passionate about protecting the environment. ③She said，“I go for a run every morning to stay healthy and fit.” →She said that she went for a run every morning to stay healthy and fit. ④“I will visit the museum tomorrow to learn more about ancient civilizations，” I said. →I said that I would visit the museum the next day to learn more about ancient civilizations. ⑤“Practice makes perfect，” my father said to me. →My father told me that practice makes perfect. ⑥“When did you come here？” she asked. →She asked me when I had gone there. 4．指示词、状语及动词的变化 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this these that those 时间状语 now today tonight yesterday tomorrow last month(week) next month(week) the day before then that day that night the day before the next/following day the month (week) before the next month(week) two days before 地点状语 here there 动词 come bring go take ◎巧学活用4——将直接引语改为间接引语 ①He said，“We went to the cinema yesterday.” →He said that they had gone to the cinema the day before. ②“Are you leaving today or tomorrow？” Joan asked Kate. →Joan asked Kate if/whether she was leaving that day or the next day. ③“When you come here，will you please bring a dictionary？” the teacher said to Tom. →The teacher asked whether Tom would take a dictionary when he went there. 5．引述祈使句通常用“动词＋宾语＋动词不定式”结构。 如果祈使句为否定句，在动词不定式的前面加上not。引述表示命令的祈使句，常用动词order，tell，warn；引述表示请求的祈使句，常用动词ask，beg；引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，常用动词advise等。 He said，“Please come here again tomorrow.” →He asked me to go there again the next day. 他让我第二天再到那儿去。 He said，“Do have a look yourself first.” →He advised me to have a look myself first. 他建议我自己先看一看。 学生用书第58页 He said，“Don't make so much noise，boys.” →He told the boys not to make so much noise. 他叫那些男孩不要弄出那么多的噪音。 [温馨提示]　祈使句变间接引语，遵循“一改二变三加四去”原则： 一改：said (to)改为asked或told 二变：said to的宾语变成asked等的宾语 三加：即在动词原形前加to，使其成为动词不定式 四去：去掉please ◎巧学活用5——将直接引语变为间接引语 ①The teacher said to the boy，“Open the door，please！” →The teacher told the boy to open the door. ②His father said to him，“Don't leave the window open when you are out.” →His father told him not to leave the window open when he was out. ③“Please explain why you're late，” the boss said. →The boss asked him to explain why he was late. 核心词汇练全 harmonious adj.和谐的 (教材原句)...promote a harmonious relationship between man and nature，build a sustainable energy system，and advocate a moderate，green，and low-carbon lifestyle. ……促进人与自然的和谐关系，构建可持续能源体系，并且倡导一种适度、绿色和低碳的生活方式。 (1)harmony n.　 　 融洽；和谐；协调 in harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物协调；与某人/物和谐相处 out of harmony with sb/sth 与某人/物不协调 (2)harmoniously adv. 和谐地　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)Despite their differences，they worked harmoniously(harmony)，focusing on the task at hand. (2)The colors of the painting were harmonious(harmony)，creating a calming and balanced atmosphere. (3)The couple has always lived in harmony with their neighbors. (4)只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对地球的威胁。 Only when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to our planet. submit vt.&vi.提交；呈递；屈服 (教材原句)According to the report submitted by researchers，between 20 and 25 percent of all annual carbon dioxide emissions are caused by the destruction of tropical forests. 根据研究人员提交的报告，每年二氧化碳排放量的20%到25%是由对热带雨林的破坏造成的。 学生用书第59页 (1)submit to...　 向……屈服/认输 submit oneself to... 顺从/屈服于…… submit...to... 把……提交给…… (2)submission n. 提交；呈递；屈服　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)The team refused to submit to the pressure，continuing to push forward with their project. (2)He was forced to submit himself(him) to a medical examination as part of the employment process. (3)The submission(submit) of the proposal was delayed due to technical issues with the system. (4)对这次夏令营感兴趣的人必须在5月15日前提交申请书和相关资料。 Those who are interested in the summer camp must submit the applications and relevant materials by May 15. on behalf of代表(代替)某人 (教材原句)I'm doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming. 我正在代表学校做一个关于全球变暖的项目。 (1)on behalf of sb＝on sb's behalf　 代表某人 (2)represent v. 代表；象征；表示 (3)stand for 代表；象征；支持　　 单句语法填空/一句多译 (1)He spoke on behalf of the team，thanking everyone for their hard work. (2)The lion stands for courage and strength in many cultures around the world. (3)我代表学生会写信邀请您下周三下午3点到5点给我们做讲座。 →On behalf of the Student Union，I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 pm to 5：00 pm next Wednesday.(behalf) →Representing the Student Union，I'm writing to invite you to give us a lecture from 3：00 pm to 5：00 pm next Wednesday.(represent) sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的；灵敏的 (教材原句)Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic？为什么核能是一个敏感话题？ (1)be sensitive to　 对……敏感 be sensitive about 介意……；在乎…… (2)sense n. 感觉；判断力；意义 vt. 感觉到 a sense of... ……感 make sense 有道理，讲得通 make sense of 理解　　 单句语法填空/完成句子 (1)He is sensitive about his appearance and always makes sure he looks neat. (2)She is very sensitive to changes in temperature and often feels cold quickly. (3)He has a strong sense of responsibility and always completes tasks on time. (4)她试图理解这个情况，但事实太过混乱。 She tried to make sense of the situation，but the facts were too confusing. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $