Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using language & Developing ideas-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（外研版）

本讲义围绕陶渊明与梭罗对自然的尊重及生活选择这一核心知识点，通过读前小组讨论激活生活经验，读中分层训练（主旨归纳、结构梳理、细节理解）理解文本，读后难句解构、佳句仿写及品质升华实现语言运用与思维拓展，构建完整阅读教学支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如读中对比分析两位诗人生活转变与作品差异提升分析比较能力，品质升华环节通过批判性问题培养批判性思维。文化意识上对比中外文人自然观增强跨文化理解，课中活动促进互动，课后词汇句式练习助于巩固，实现学用结合。

Section Ⅲ　Using language & Developing ideas Step One: Pre-reading Work in groups to describe how you feel while living in the countryside. I feel relaxed and happy.Away from tension and worries，I can relax myself for a while. Step Two: While-reading Ⅰ.Read for the main idea What's the main idea of the passage? A．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both influential poets of their day. B．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau both treated nature in the same way. C．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both fond of seeking harmony in nature in their quiet life. D．Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both enthusiastic about living to serve at court. 答案：C Ⅱ.Read for the structure Main idea Para.1 Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau shared an intense 1.respect for nature. Paras.2－3 Both men made dramatic 2.transformations to their lives in order to reconnect with nature. Paras.4－5 Works of both men show 3.beauty and value of nature. Para.6 Although it's not easy to live simply and be at ease with nature，their ideas may take us 4.a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 学生用书↓第135页 Ⅲ.Read for details 1．Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court? A．He was paid only five dou of grain. B．He was tired of the conflict over life at court. C．He could live a decent life in the rural area. D．He was forced to do this by his superior. 2．What's the reason for Thoreau's return to nature? A．He wanted to seek a peaceful life. B．He wanted to live a decent life. C．He was forced by the conflict to do so. D．The life he lived then was too arduous. 3．What is the feature of Tao's works? A．A depressive court life. B．Frontier style. C．Jungle scenery. D．Fields and villages. 4．What did Thoreau describe in his writings? A．Fields and villages. B．Chickens and dogs. C．Animals and plants. D．Mountains and rivers. 5．How does the author develop the passage? A．By describing. B．By quoting. C．By comparing. D．By reasoning. 答案：1－5：BADCC Step Three: Post-reading Ⅰ.难句解构 [尝试翻译]　陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。 [尝试翻译]　我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样…… Ⅱ.佳句仿写 教材佳句　Thoreau's writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, as we do. (人物介绍) 学后仿写　袁隆平留给我们的不仅仅是杂交水稻的进步，他的好奇、奉献、勇气、毅力、勤奋、合作和无私更是给我们留下了不可磨灭的精神财富。 Yuan Longping's legacy is not only the progress of hybrid rice－his curiosity, devotion, courage, perseverance, diligence, cooperation and selflessness have left an indelible spiritual wealth to us all. Ⅲ.品质升华 1．Why did it take Tao and Thoreau great courage to walk away from their previous lives？(Critical Thinking批判性思维) Because it was difficult to reject the easy and familiar life they used to live. 2．Why are their ideas important to our lives today？(Creative Thinking创造性思维) Because in today's modern world, we still need to live harmoniously with nature, and live a simple life. Fewer material desires lead to better personal well-being and greater fulfilment. 学生用书↓第136页 ◎ ①superficially adv. 表面(上)地 superficial adj.表面的 ②polar adj.完全相反的，截然对立的 ③intense adj. 很大的，十分强烈的 ④figure n. 人物 ⑤time n. 时期，时代 ⑥transformation n. 转变，改观 transform v. 转变 ⑦official n. 官员 adj.官方的；公务的 officially adv. 官方地；正式地 ⑧conflicted adj. 矛盾的 ⑨court n．王宫，宫廷 ⑩quit v. 离开，离任 ⑪bow v. 鞠躬 ⑫in return for 作为对……的回报 in turn 反过来 ⑬rural adj. 农村的，乡村的 ⑭succeed in doing sth 成功地做了某事 ⑮reaction to对……做出的反应 ⑯be opposed to反对 ⑰decent adj.可接受的，相当好的 ⑱cottage n．乡村小屋 ⑲deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地 deliberate adj.从容不迫的；故意的 ⑳withdraw v．退出 ㉑domestic adj.驯养的；家养的 ㉒depressive adj. 抑郁的 depress v. 使沮丧 depression n．沮丧，压抑 ㉓emphasise v．强调 ㉔purity n．纯洁；洁净 pure adj.纯洁的；纯净的 ㉕devote oneself to献身于 devotion to奉献；专心 ㉖phenomenon n．现象 ㉗journal n．刊物，杂志；日记 ㉘convince v．说服；使相信 convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事 ㉙prosper v．繁荣，兴旺 prosperous adj. 繁荣的，兴旺的 ㉚considerable adj. 相当多的，相当大的 ㉛reject v．拒绝接受 ㉜reflective adj.沉思的，深思的 ㉝at ease with不拘束，放松 ㉞well-being n．健康，安乐 ◎ Back to Nature Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau were both poets，but one lived in Ancient China and the other in 19th century America.Superficially①，these two men，whose lives were separated in time by nearly 1，500 years，were polar②opposites.[1]And yet they shared an intense③ respect for nature，which made them each an influential figure④ of their time⑤. [1]本句为主从复合句。whose引导定语从句，修饰先行词these two men；superficially为副词作状语。 Both men made dramatic transformations⑥ to their lives in order to reconnect with nature.As an official⑦ in the Eastern Jin Dynasty，Tao felt conflicted⑧ over life at court⑨.In 405，he quit⑩ the service of the court for good，expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not“bow⑪ like a servant in return for⑫five dou of grain”．[2] He spent the next 22 years until his death，working the land in a poor，rural⑬area.From his poetry，we can learn that although his life was arduous，he succeeded in⑭finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.[3] [2]画线部分为动词-ing形式短语作状语；that引导同位语从句。 [3]本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中although引导让步状语从句。 While Tao's return to nature was a reaction to⑮ a lifestyle he was opposed to⑯，Thoreau's was a personal decision to transform the way he lived.[4] He had a decent⑰quality of life，but he wanted to live in a simpler way.For two years，two months and two days，he lived in a cottage⑱ in the forest on the edge of Walden Pond，focusing on himself and his writing.He explained his reason for doing so in Walden：“I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately⑲，to front only the essential facts of life.” Both 学生用书↓第137页 men were happy to withdraw⑳ from contemporary life，seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of their lives. [4]While意为“却；但是；而(用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的区别)”，此处作者用对比的方法介绍两位诗人回归田园生活的不同初衷。句中he was opposed to为定语从句，修饰先行词a lifestyle；he lived也为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 Although Tao and Thoreau do not treat nature in quite the same way，their works show its beauty and value.Tao's nature is a place of fields and villages，in other words，rural，and his animals are domestic㉑ones，such as chickens and dogs.The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive㉒court life： Beyond the dark and distance lies a village， The smoke above reluctant to depart. A dog is barking somewhere down the lane， And chickens sit atop the mulberry tree. Thoreau's descriptions of nature emphasised㉓the beauty and purity㉔ of the wild areas around him.Devoting himself to㉕observations of the natural phenomena㉖，[5]he recorded his detailed findings in his journals㉗.Thoreau's writing aimed to convince㉘people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper㉙，as we do.[6] We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals： Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each.Let them be your only diet，drink and botanical medicines. It takes considerable㉚ courage to reject㉛ the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature，as both Tao and Thoreau did.Their choices led them to quiet and reflective㉜ lives with fewer material desires.In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with㉝ nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being㉞ and fulfilment. [5]画线部分为动词-ing形式短语作伴随状语。 [6]本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句；as引导方式状语从句。 学生用书↓第138页 ◎ 回归大自然 陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗都是诗人，但是一位生活在古代中国，另一位生活在19世纪的美国。表面上看，这两个人生活在不同的时代，相隔近一千五百年，迥然不同。然而，他们都非常尊重自然，这使得他们在各自的时代都成为有影响力的人物。 为了重归自然，两人的生活都发生了戏剧性的转变。陶渊明是东晋的官员，但是对官场生活感到矛盾。公元405年，陶渊明辞去了官职，以表达他对仕途的不满，用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。在之后的22年里，直到生命的尽头，他躬耕于田野，生活在清贫的农村。我们可以从他的诗歌中看出，尽管生活艰苦，但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感，并从大自然中获得了乐趣。 陶渊明回归大自然是对自己反对的生活方式做出的一种反应，而梭罗则是出于个人的决定而改变自己的生活方式。虽然梭罗过着相当好的生活，但他希望活得更简单些。两年两个月零两天，他住在瓦尔登湖边森林里的一间小屋里，专注于自身和写作。他在《瓦尔登湖》中解释了这样做的原因：“我步入丛林，是因为我希望从容不迫地生活，只在意生活中必不可缺的事物。”两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退，在平静的生活中寻求与自然和谐的关系。 尽管陶渊明和梭罗对待自然的方式完全不同，但他们的作品都展现了自然的美丽和价值。陶渊明的自然是田野和村庄，换句话说，是田园。他的动物们都是家养的，比如鸡和狗。他描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判： 暧暧远人村，依依墟里烟。狗吠深巷中，鸡鸣桑树颠。 梭罗在描述自然时，重点描绘了他周围原野的美丽与纯粹。他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。梭罗的写作意在使人们信服，动物和植物就像我们人类一样都有生存和繁荣的权利。我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样： 好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。让生活中只有饮食和草药。 像陶渊明和梭罗那样，拒绝简单熟悉的事物，转而尝试亲近大自然，这需要相当大的勇气。他们的选择使他们过上了平静而沉思的生活，物质欲望减少了。在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。 学生用书↓第139页 ◎核心单词——练通 1．a fish pond 鱼池 2．sow the seeds in rows 一垄一垄地播种种子 3．bat species 蝙蝠物种 4．a physician during the Han Dynasty 汉代的一位医生 5．bow gracefully to the audience 优雅地向观众鞠躬 6．a rural way of life 乡村的生活方式 7．live a decent life 过上相当好的生活 8．a charming cottage 迷人的乡村小屋 9．domestic pets 家养的宠物 10．a life of ease 悠闲舒适的生活 11．attain personal well-being 获得个人幸福 ◎拓展单词——用活 1．wisdom n．智慧→wise adj.有智慧的，高明的→wisely adv.明智地 2．employ v．使用，运用→employer n．老板，雇主→employee n．员工→employment n．雇用；工作；就业 3．deliberately adv.不慌不忙地，从容不迫地→deliberate adj.故意的，存心的；小心翼翼的；从容不迫的 v．仔细考虑，深思熟虑 4．withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤退 5．depressive adj.抑郁的→depress v．使抑郁→depressed adj.沮丧的→depression n．抑郁症；沮丧 6．reluctant adj. 不情愿的；勉强的→reluctantly adv.不情愿地；勉强地 7．depart v．离开→departure n．离开 8．purity n．纯洁；洁净→pure adj. 纯洁的；纯净的→purely adv.纯净地；纯洁地→purify v．使纯净，净化 9．resign v. 使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于→resigned adj.逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的→resignation n．辞职；辞呈 10．botanical adj.植物(学)的→botany n．植物学 11．reject v．拒绝接受→rejection n．拒绝 12．fulfilment n．满足(感)→fulfil v．使满意；实现 13．evaluate v．评估，评价→evaluation n．评估 规律：名词后缀“-al” 示例：withdraw v．退出→withdrawal n．收回；撤退 arrive v. 到达→arrival n. 到达 survive v．幸存→survival n．幸存 approve v．同意，赞同→approval n．同意，赞同 ◎阅读单词——识记 1．locate the ship by radar 通过雷达确定船的位置 2．fly like a dragonfly 像蜻蜓一样飞翔 3．a large spider web 一个大蜘蛛网 4．be superficially similar 表面上相似 5．winding country lanes 蜿蜒的乡间小路 6．atop the Great Wall 在长城上面 学生用书↓第140页 ◎重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1．in return for 作为对……的回报 2．be opposed to 反对 3．at ease with 不拘束，放松 4．withdraw from 从……撤离 5．in other words 换句话说 第二组　英译汉 6．in contrast to 与……相反 7．seek solutions to 寻求解决方法 8．take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 9．reaction to 对……的反应 ◎典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示完成句子 1．句型公式　动词-ing形式短语作状语 教材原句　Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena，he recorded his detailed findings in his journals. 他全身心投入到观察自然现象中，并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。 2．句型公式　as作关系代词引导非限制性定语从句 教材原句　We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals.... 我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样…… Ⅰ.核心词汇练全 employ v．使用，运用；雇用 (教材原句)Inspired by dolphins，people have learnt how to send signals underwater，which is currently employed in tsunami early-warning systems. 在海豚的启发下，人们学会了如何在水下发送信号，这一技术目前被用于海啸预警系统。 (1)employ sb(as sth) 雇用某人(为……) employ sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 (2)be employed in doing sth 从事，忙于(做某事) (3)employment n. 工作；就业；雇用 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①A number of people have been employed to deal (deal) with the work. ②The company where he is employed requires the employment of many people.(employ) ③我妈妈是一名老师，她的时间都用在教学和照顾家人上。(应用文写作之人物介绍) My mother is a teacher whose time is employed in teaching and taking care of the family. withdraw v.退出；撤离；取出 (教材原句)Both men were happy to withdraw from contemporary life ... 两个人都乐于从当下的生活中抽身而退…… (1)withdraw from 从……退出，撤回 withdraw one's eyes from 把视线从…… 移开(不再看……) (2)withdrawal n. 收回；取回；撤回；撤退；撤走；取款；结束 【名师点津】　withdraw的过去式和过去分词分别为withdrew，withdrawn。,单句语法填空/完成句子 ①If you experience any unusual symptoms after withdrawal(withdraw) of the treatment, never be reluctant to contact your doctor. 学生用书↓第141页 ②Once in court，he withdrew (withdraw) the statement he'd made to the police. ③听说你因为腿部受伤要退出比赛，我很遗憾。(应用文写作之安慰信) I'm sorry to hear that you will withdraw from the competition because of a leg injury. depressive adj. 抑郁的 (教材原句)The calm and peaceful life he wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life... 他所描写的平静祥和的生活，与压抑的官场生活形成鲜明对比，是对压抑的官场生活的批判…… (1)depress vt. 使抑郁，使沮丧，使消沉 It depresses sb to do sth... 做某事令某人沮丧 (2)depressed adj. 抑郁的，沮丧的 feel/be depressed about sth 对……感到沮丧 (3)depressing adj. 令人抑郁的 depression n. 沮丧，消沉；抑郁(症) 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Depressed(depress) and low-spirited，he walked at the end of the line with his head drooping. ②Studies show that people who volunteer are less likely to develop depression(depress) than people who don't. ③Looking for a job these days can be very depressing(depress)． ④听到这个坏消息令我感到很沮丧。(应用文写作之情感描写) It depresses me to hear the bad news. resign v．使自己顺从于(做)某事；安于；辞职；辞去(工作、职位等) (教材原句)Live in each season as it passes; breathe the air，drink the drink，taste the fruit，and resign yourself to the influences of each. 好好度过每一个季节，呼吸新鲜的空气，畅饮美酒，品尝水果，尽情享受这一切。 (1)resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从/只好接受(做)某事 resign one's post/position 辞去职务 resign from ... 从……辞职 resign as sth 辞去(某职务) (2)resigned adj. 逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的 (3)resignation n. 辞职信；辞呈 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Ten years ago, he resigned from a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. ②As far as I know，he resigned as a member of the committee. ③ Mr Morgan has offered his resignation(resign) and it has been accepted. ④虽然我浑身是汗并且感到很累，但我不想半途而废。(应用文写作之活动介绍) Although I was sweating all over and became very tired, I didn't want to resign myself to giving up halfway． 学生用书↓第142页 ease n．舒适，悠闲；放松 v．减轻(痛苦、忧虑)；缓和 (教材原句)In today's modern world，their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature may take us a step closer to attaining personal well-being and fulfilment. 在今天这个现代世界，他们关于简单生活和与自然和谐相处的想法，可能会让我们离获得个人幸福和满足感更近一步。 (1)take one's ease 使某人放松一下 at ease 舒适；快活；自由自在 put sb at ease 使某人感到轻松自在；使某人安心 with ease 容易地；毫不费劲地 (2)ease sb of sth 减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等) 单句语法填空/完成句子/词汇升级 ①His mind was at ease knowing that his wife and children were safe and sound. ②很快，他温暖、灿烂的笑容使我放松下来。在接下来的两个小时里，我们随意地聊着。(应用文之神态、动作描写) Soon，his warm，bright smile put me at ease，and we spent the next two hours talking casually. ③Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams easily. →Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams with ease． take inspiration from 从……中获取灵感 (教材原句)Another type of biomimicry is taking inspiration from the abilities of animals. 另一种生物模拟是从动物的能力中获得灵感。 (1)inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 be inspired by 受到……的启发；由……得到灵感 (2)inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的 inspired adj. 受到……影响的；借助于灵感创作的 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①This inspiring(inspire) note reminded her of the critical moment last year when the soccer team made it to the finals. ②Inspired (inspire) by what my father said, I decided to work toward my goal. ③我心中永远铭记着我的英雄杰克，他激励我克服任何挑战。(读后续写之主旨升华句) Bearing my hero, Jack, always in heart, I was inspired to overcome any challenge． in return for 作为对……的回报，作为对……的报答 (教材原句)...that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”． ……他将不为“五斗米折腰”。 in return 作为回报 in turn 相应地；转而；依次；轮流 in one's turn 轮到某人；接着 by turns 轮流；交替地 it is one's turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事 take turns to do sth 轮流做某事 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①When it was in my turn，I was too excited to speak. ②At the meeting they took turns to put (put) forward a number of suggestions aiming to promote the reform of education system. ③The two daughters looked after their sick mother by turns. ④While staying in the village，James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the villagers without asking for anything in return. ⑤作为对你的帮助的回报，我邀请你和我的家人共度周末。(应用文写作之邀请信) In return for your help，I invite you to spend the weekend with my family. 学生用书↓第143页 1．一词多义 withdraw v. A．退出　B．撤离　C．取出 ①The horse had been withdrawn from the race. A ②I'd like to withdraw 1，000 dollars from my savings account and put it in my cheque account. C ③Government troops are ordered to withdraw.B 2．熟词生义 ①There is always a chance that the body will reject the transplant.vt. 排异 ②I felt the coldness around my back and it temporarily eased the intense pain.vt. 减轻(痛苦、忧虑) Ⅱ.典型句式讲透 句型公式：as引导的定语从句 (教材原句)We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature's gifts，as he describes in his journals... 我们应该与它们和谐共处，享受大自然的恩赐，正如他在日记中描述的那样…… 本句为主从复合句，as引导定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，意为“正如，像”。 (1)as引导非限制性定语从句 as引导非限制性定语从句时，可放在主句之前，也可位于主句之后，当然也可放在句中。意为“正如，就像”，此时修饰的是整个主句，并对其进行说明。通常在as之前有逗号。 常见句式有： as we all know/as is known to all众所周知 as is said/reported 据说/报道 as mentioned above 如上所述 as is often the case 这是常有的事 as is expected 正如期望的那样 (2)as引导限制性定语从句 as引导限制性定语从句，主要用在such...as(像……这样的)，so...as，as...as和the same...as(与……一样)的结构中，可代替表示人或物的先行词(注：在such...as结构中as也可用that代替)。 【名师点津】　①such...as(关系代词)引导定语从句，从句中缺成分；such...that(连词)引导结果状语从句，从句中不缺成分。 ②the same...as(关系代词)．..，表示两物相似；the same...that(关系代词)...，表示两物为同一物。 单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There is such an unforgettable experience as they have. ②Nobody will obey such a rule as prevents us from free. ③众所周知，海洋在世界上扮演着关键的角色。(应用文写作之环境保护) As we all know/As is known to all, oceans play a critical role in the world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $