Unit 6 Section Ⅳ Using language-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件聚焦情态动词用法，通过Jenny课堂情境语篇导入，引导学生在"我的发现"中归纳能力、推测等基本用法，再系统讲解类型、特征及"情态动词+have done"等进阶内容，构建从感知到深化的学习支架。 其亮点在于以语篇为载体培养语言能力，通过分类对比（如can/could表能力与推测）提升思维品质，结合"巧学活用"练习与素养提升练（如语法填空、完形填空）发展学习能力。教师可借助完整测评体系高效教学，学生能在情境中扎实掌握语法，提升综合语言运用能力。

Unit 6　Space and beyond Section Ⅳ　Using language 情态动词 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 Jenny could① not see clearly when she was having an English class.She guessed she may/might② have something wrong with her eyes.She asked the teacher，“May/Can/Could③ I leave now? My eyes hurt and I must④ go to see a doctor.”The teacher said，“Yes，of course you can/may⑤.” 我的发现 返回 ①中could表示________。 ②中may/might表示________，意为“或许，可能”。 ③⑤may/can/could表示______________。 ④中must意为“________”。 能力 推测 请求或许可 必须 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、情态动词概述 1．情态动词的类型 (1)只作情态动词的有：must，can(could)，may(might)，ought to。 (2)可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare。 (3)可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：shall(should)，will(would)。 (4)具有情态动词的某些特征的有：be able to，have(has) to，used to，had better。 2．情态动词的特征 (1)有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，它们要和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。 (2)适用于主语的各种人称(have to和be able to例外)。 (3)后接动词原形。 二、情态动词的基本用法 1．表示能力(can/could/be able to) (1)can表示一般的能力，could泛指过去的能力。 Mary can speak 3 languages. 玛丽能说3门语言。 Tom could sing English songs at the age of 6. 汤姆6岁就能唱英文歌了。 (2)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种，而be able to则有更多的时态；be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”，如果表示“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to，而不用could。 The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out. 这场大火很快蔓延到了整个大楼，但是每个人都逃出去了。 2．表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would) (1)表示请求、允许时，在一般疑问句中could可以代替can，但could表示的语气更委婉，答语要用can。 —Can/Could I have a look at your new pen? —Yes，you can. ——我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗？ ——可以。 (2)may表示请求、允许，意为“可以”。might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间，也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I’m afraid not或mustn’t。 May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ (3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I/he go to see you? 我/他去看你，好吗？ (4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话者的意图，用来表示说话者给对方的命令、指示、允诺。还可以用来宣布法律、规定。 You shall get an MP5 player if you pass the coming examination. 如果你通过了即将举行的考试，你会得到一个MP5。(允诺) Each student shall wear the school uniform. 每个学生都要穿校服。(宣布规定) (5)will表示请求、建议，用于疑问句，常与第二人称连用。 Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。 (6)would用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法，比will更为客气。 Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？ 3．表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to) (1)must表示必要、命令或强制，意为“必须，应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的问句时，如果是否定的回答，通常不用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。 We must do everything step by step. 我们必须循序渐进地做每件事。 (2)need用作情态动词时，没有词形的变化，后面跟不带to的动词不定式(即跟动词原形)，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。 —Must I give up smoking? ——我必须戒烟吗？ —Yes，you must. ——是的，你必须戒。 —No，you needn’t/don’t have to. ——不，你不必戒。 (3)should表义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。 You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该要有礼貌。 (4)ought to表义务，意为“应该”，口气比should稍重。 You are his father.You ought to take care of him. 你是他的父亲。你应当照顾他。 4．表示意愿或勇气(will/would/dare) (1)will表示主观意志、意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句。 He will/would take you home. 他愿意送你回家。 (2)would作为will的过去式，表示主观愿望或意志。 I said I would do my best to help you. 我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮你。 (3)dare作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，另外，它还可作实义动词。 She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 5．表示推测(can/could/may/might/must/should/would/ought to) (1)can/could表示可能性，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。 He can’t have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。 (2)may/might表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中，might的可能性比may更小。 There may be another problem that we don’t know about. 可能有我们不知道的另一个问题。 Life is unpredictable；even the poorest may/might become the richest. 人生难以预料，即便是最穷的人也有可能成为最富有的人。 (3)must表示有把握的推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句中。对目前情况的推测用must do；对正在发生的事情的推测用must be doing；对过去情况的推测用must have done。 You must be hungry after a long walk. 走了那么长的路，你一定饿了。 Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday.I found it wet. 昨天一定有人用了我的伞，我发现它湿了。 (4)should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。 —I’ll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning，OK? ——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书，好吗？ —OK.They should be here by that time. ——好的。到那时他们按道理应该到了。 (5)would表示预料或猜想，意为“也许，大概”。 It would be ten when he left home. 他离开家时大概是十点钟。 (6)ought to表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较强。 If he started out at nine，he ought to be here by now. 他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。 巧学活用1——用适当的情态动词填空 (1)Jim says we _______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy. (2)In today’s information age，the loss of data _______ cause serious problems for a company. (3)It’s especially important that every piece of equipment ________ be checked before the experiment. (4)I’m sorry，but you _______ go wrong.There’s no such man here. (5)Students ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected according to the regulation. can can should must shall 三、情态动词的特殊用法 1．can的特殊用法 (1)表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。 On such a rainy day，accidents can happen. 在这样的下雨天，有时会发生事故。 (2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 That can’t be true. 那不可能是真的。(具体事情发生的可能性，表示不相信) (3)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。 You can’t be too careful while driving. 开车时越小心越好。 2．may的特殊用法 (1)may well＋动词原形，意为“很可能，大可以，完全能”。 Her appearance has changed so much that you might well not recognize her. 她的模样变化如此之大，你很有可能认不出她了。 (2)may as well＋动词原形，意为“最好，满可以，不妨，干脆”。 We may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。 3．must的特殊用法 must表示“偏要，硬要”做某事，指令人不快的事情。 The car must break down just when we were about to start off. 我们正要出发的时候偏偏车坏了。 4．should的特殊用法 should多用于疑问句中，表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事，常与why或how连用，意为“竟会”。 I find it astonishing that John should be so rude to me. 约翰竟然这样粗鲁地对待我，我感到很震惊。 5．will/would的特殊用法 will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。will用来叙述目前的习惯；would表示过去的习惯。 Rose will always be late for school. 罗斯上学总迟到。 He would get up early when he lived in the country. 他住在乡下时总是早起。 巧学活用2——用适当的情态动词填空 (1)You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _________ be so rude to a lady. (2)—Mary knows the city quite well. —She _______ well have been there before. (3)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother _________ take me to Disneyland at weekends. (4)Schools have been lengthening the school day to raise test marks，which _______ be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days. (5)—Excuse me，do you mind if I open the window? —Well，if you ________. I can put on more clothes. should may would can must 四、“情态动词＋have done”的用法 1．must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，常用于肯定句。 Jack described his father，who must have been a brave boy many years ago，as a strong-willed man. 杰克把他的父亲描述成一个意志坚强的人，他认为多年前他的父亲一定是个勇敢的男孩。 2．can/could have done表示本来能够做某事而实际上没有做；can’t/couldn’t have done表示对过去情况的否定推测。 You could have done better，but you were too careless. 你本来能做得更好，但你当时太粗心了。 I saw Mr Wang just now.He couldn’t have gone to Beijing. 我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。 3．may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，常用于肯定句和否定句，意为“想必；也许；可能已经；本可以做(实际却没做)”，其否定形式含有“可能不会”之意。 I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference. 我拿不准。或许在会上他说过这样的话。 You might have given him more help，though you were busy. 你本可以给他更多的帮助，虽然你当时很忙。 4．should/ought to have done表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做；其否定形式表示过去本不应该做某事却做了。 You should have handed in your homework last week. 你本该上周交作业的。 You shouldn’t have told him the bad news. 你本不该告诉他那个坏消息。 5．needn’t have done表示过去本不必做某事而实际上已经做了。 We needn’t have waited for him. 我们本不必等他。 巧学活用3——完成句子 (1)工人们没有被组织好，否则他们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。 The workers were not better organized，or otherwise they ______________ ______________ the task in half the time. (2)保罗在演讲比赛中表现不错。他上周一定练习了很多次。 Paul did a great job in the speech contest.He ___________________ many times last week. (3)他现在不可能写完卷子了。我十分钟之前离开他时，他还没有写一个字。 He ____________________ writing the paper now.He hadn’t written a single word when I left him ten minutes ago. would have accomplished must have practised can’t have finished (4)——Catherine，我已经为你把房间打扫过了。 ——谢谢，你本不必打扫。我自己能行。 —Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you. —Thanks.You ___________________ it.I could manage it myself. needn’t have done 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　单句语法填空(每小题1分，共10分) 1．It is strange that there _________ be no lights on. 2．You _______ come here on time，or you’ll be fined next time. 3．When he was young，he ________ climb the small hill every morning. 4．I ____________ finish reading the book tomorrow，but I am not sure about it. 5．You ______________ have given him some advice.He was too upset at that time. 6．It is a long time since we met last time.You _______ come and see me more often. should must would may/might ought to/should should 7．She was so frightened that she didn’t _______ to breathe a word of it to anyone else. 8．You ______ feel all the training a waste of time，but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. 9．Peter searched all the places where he might ___________ (leave) his iPad but it was all in vain. 10．The train is to start soon and Mike hasn’t arrived.What _________ have happened to him? dare may have left can 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共15分) 1．非常抱歉星期五下午我不能和你去书店了。 I’m sorry to say that I _______________________ with you on Friday afternoon. 2．如果你能帮助我，我会非常感激。 I’d appreciate it if you ____________________. 3．你提到作为回报你愿意教我英语，这正是我所渴望的事。 You mentioned that you ____________________________ in return，which is exactly what I am dying for. cannot go to the bookstore could do me a favor would like to teach me English 4．如果你能考虑我的话，我将不胜感激。 I will be grateful if you _______________ a kind consideration. 5．我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。 I ________________________________，but I was too nervous. could give me could have worked out the problem 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题1.5分，共15分) 用适当的情态动词完成语段 I 1.________ not have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 2._________ dance as well as her.No one 3._______ be compared with Ellen in dancing.Jack is a great talker.It’s high time that he 4.__________ do something instead of just talking.I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese，and I said“Ni Hao” just as I 5._________ do in China.Teachers recommend parents 6._______ not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. need could can should might should Students 7.________ obey school rules.One of our rules is that every student 8._______ wear the school uniform while at school. It is required by the rules that students 9._______ get grades not lower than 85 in any subject in order to get the scholarship.It is beyond my understanding that many adults 10.________ be so crazy about Harry Potter series like me. shall should must shall 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共10分) (2025·山东省青岛市高二上期末) Moon dust is the absolute worst.Not only does electrostatics (静电) cause it to stick to virtually everything，but it also has the consistency and feel of finely ground fiberglass.It was a genuine problem for the six Apollo crews who visited the moon’s surface—moon dust covered their suits，worked their way into engines and electronics，and even ruined a few of their extremely expensive spacesuits. These are all serious issues to consider ahead of NASA’s planned return to the moon’s surface in 2025，but a team of college undergraduates at Washington State University just developed a solution to moon dust—spraying liquid nitrogen (氮) onto moon dust.The team developed a new spray that takes advantage of the Leidenfrost effect.Named after its discoverer，an 18th-century German doctor Johann Gottlob Leidenfrost，it occurs when a liquid comes into close contact with a significantly hotter surface，causing it to quickly form a protective layer of vapor (蒸汽) that briefly keeps it from evaporating，such as when water forms into drops and runs across a very hot frying nan.The same principle works similarly in space.In this case，a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around－320) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating，causing the particles to turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors. To test their spray，the research team first dressed a Barbie doll wrapped with a material used to make spacesuits.They then sprayed it with liquid nitrogen in a normal atmospheric condition as well as the circumstances similar to outer space.Not only did the liquid nitrogen spray perform better in the latter circumstances，but also it only resulted in minimal damage to the spacesuit material.In past lunar missions，astronauts’ specialized brushes for the moon dust task often caused damage to spacesuits after a single use.In comparison，the liquid nitrogen spray took 75 uses before similar issues occurred. Going forward，the team hopes to further research the complexity that makes the cleaning process so effective，as well as secure funding to construct testing rooms more closely resembling the lunar surface’s gravity.With any luck，maybe a can of their Moon-Dust-Gone will be aboard a future Artemis mission，ready to help astronauts avoid one of the lunar surface’s annoying things. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。月球尘埃造成的问题十分让人头疼，华盛顿州立大学的一个大学生团队刚刚开发了一种解决月球尘埃的方法——向月球尘埃喷洒液氮。文章对此进行了介绍。 推理判断题。根据第一段前两句可知，作者在第一段提到“阿波罗”是为了证明月球尘埃是件很头疼的事。故选A。 1．Why does the author mention “Apollo” in the first paragraph? A．To prove moon dust is a real headache. B．To compare past and present moon programs. C．To show the achievements in moon exploration. D．To offer readers insights into the Apollo program. √ 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的“a liquid nitrogen spray (typically around －320℉) comes into contact with a surface’s relatively warmer lunar dust coating”和“turn into things like drops and float away on the nitrogen vapors”可知，此处是指把月球表面的尘埃变成水滴一样的东西，漂浮在氮蒸气上，所以particles是指“月球尘埃”。故选B。 2．What does the underlined word “particles” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Liquid waste. B．Moon dust. C．Nitrogen spray. D．Protective coating. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，研究小组发现液氮喷雾与刷子相比能更好地保护宇航服。故选D。 3．What did the research team find about their spray in Paragraph 3? A．It belonged to single-use items for astronauts. B．It performed better in normal atmospheric conditions. C．It increased the strength of the material of spacesuits. D．It protected spacesuits better compared with the brush. √ 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，喷雾的后续研究可能集中在高效清洁的原因上。故选D。 4．What may the follow-up research of the spray focus on? A．Test subjects. B．Complex lunar surface. C．Other applications. D．Reasons for efficient cleaning. √ Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·福建省福州市高二下期中) One afternoon，my son came home from school.He had a(n) 　1　 look on his face.After asking him what was on his mind，he said，“Are all people the same even if their skin color is different？” I thought for a moment，and then I said，“I’ll 　2　，if you can just 　3　 until we make a quick 　4　 at the grocery store.I have something 　5　. to show you.” At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.When we got home，I put one of each type of apple on the countertop (台面). “Some of the apples have been 　6　 and are imperfect.They may not even look as delicious as the others，” I said.As I was talking，Adam was 　7　 each one carefully.Then，I took each of the apples and peeled (削去……的皮) them，　8　 them on the countertop，but in a 　9　 place. “Okay，Adam，tell me which one is which.” He said，“I can’t 　10　．They all look the same now.” “Take a bite of each one.See if that helps you 　11　 them.” He took big 　12　，and then a huge smile appeared across his face.“People are just like apples！They are all different，but once you 　13　. the outside，they’re pretty much the same on the inside.” “You’re 　14　，” I said.“Just like how everyone has their own personality but they are still basically the same.” He totally 　15　 it.I didn’t need to say or do anything else.What perfect food for thought! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者用苹果举例来告诉儿子，即使人们的肤色不一样，他们的内在几乎是一样的。 根据下文儿子的问题“Are all people the same even if their skin color is different？”可知，儿子内心有疑问，所以很困惑。故选C项。 1．A．surprised B．amused C．puzzled D．guilty √ 根据下文作者买了苹果之后解释儿子的问题及“until we make a quick ________ at the grocery store”可知，作者向儿子说明自己之后会解释的。故选B项。 2．A．notice B．explain C．leave D．relax √ 根据“until we make a quick _______ at the grocery store”及下文“At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.” 可知，作者让儿子等待自己的解释，自己要先去买苹果。故选A项。 3．A．wait B．admit C．try D．share √ 根据下文“At the grocery store，we bought some red apples，green apples and yellow apples.”可知，作者要在水果店快速停留买苹果。故选D项。 4．A．turn B．response C．judgment D．stop √ 根据下文“Some of the apples have been ________ and are imperfect.”及“Then，I took each of the apples and peeled (削去……的皮) them”可知，作者想到了一个好点子来解释儿子的问题，所以想要给儿子展示一些有趣的东西。故选B项。 5．A．strange B．interesting C．mysterious D．difficult √ 根据“are imperfect.They may not even look as delicious as the others”可知，有些苹果被碰坏了，不太好看。故选A项。 6．A．crashed B．decorated C．marked D．ordered √ 根据“Some of the apples have been _______ and are imperfect.”可知，作者在谈论苹果外表的不同，儿子应是在仔细地检查每一个苹果。故选A项。 7．A．examining B．tasting C．packing D．describing √ 根据上文“When we got home，I put one of each type of apple on the countertop (台面).”及“them on the countertop”可知，作者将苹果削好皮后，又再次摆放在台面上。故选D项。 8．A．counting B．spotting C．cutting D．placing √ 根据but以及下文“Okay，Adam，tell me which one is which.”可知，作者想让儿子知道削皮后的苹果都是一样的，所以找了不同的地方摆放。故选C项。 9．A．safe B．quiet C．different D．spacious √ 根据“They all look the same now.”可知，儿子分不清哪个是哪个了。故选B项。 10．A．hide B．tell C．stand D．help √ 根据“Take a bite of each one.”可知，作者让儿子每个都咬一口，看能不能得到一些收获。故选D项。 11．A．take in B．get over C．tear apart D．figure out √ 根据上文“Take a bite”可知，儿子大口咬苹果。故选A项。 12．A．bites B．risks C．steps D．decisions √ 根据“They are all different”及后文“they’re pretty much the same on the inside”并结合上文作者削去苹果皮可知，儿子咬了苹果发现很甜，但是他不知道是原来的哪个，所以他明白了，也许外表不一样，但是去掉外在，里面几乎一样。故选D项。 13．A．pay for B．look into C．depend on D．take off √ 根据上文儿子说的话以及下文“Just like how everyone has their own personality but they are still basically the same.”可知，作者赞同了儿子的话。故选C项。 14．A．kind B．fair C．right D．lucky √ 根据“I didn’t need to say or do anything else.”可知，作者都不用过多解释，通过苹果试验就让儿子明白了，get it意思为：明白了。故选B项。 15．A．changed B．got C．lost D．forgot √ Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·江苏省淮安市高二上期末) With technologies first researched and developed for space 1.__________ (explore)，we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind，making our lives safer and easier.One of these is earthquake shock absorbers.Shock absorbers 2.__________(original) applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the cities with a high 3.__________(frequent) of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and save lives.Some technologies need 4.__________ (far) research to better solve real-life problems.For example，liquid hydrogen is a clean 5.__________(alter) energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel，and it is 6._______(like) that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced exploration originally frequency further alternative likely and 7.__________(launch) in the near future.These scientific and technological 8.__________(advance) can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas 9.__________(include) health，energy and information technology.This should be a strong 10._________(motivate) for continuing to explore space. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些为太空探索研究和开发的技术可以运用到人类日常生活中，解决人类面临的一些重大问题，使我们的生活更安全、更轻松。 launched advances including motive 1．答案：exploration 考查名词。此处指“太空探索”，名词exploration (探索)符合句意，为不可数名词。故填exploration。 考查副词。此处指减震器的最初用途，副词originally (最初)符合句意，作状语，修饰动词短语applied to。故填originally。 考查名词。此处指地震频率高发城市，名词frequency (频率)符合句意，为可数名词，不定冠词a提示单数形式。故填frequency。 2．答案：originally 3．答案：frequency 4．答案：further 考查形容词。要更好地解决现实生活中的问题，一些技术需要进一步研究，形容词further (进一步的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词research。故填further。 考查形容词。液氢是一种清洁的替代能源，形容词alternative (可供替代的)符合句意，作定语，修饰名词短语energy source。故填alternative。 5．答案：alternative 6．答案：likely 考查形容词。形容词likely (可能的)符合句意，作表语，固定句型it is likely that...(很可能……)。故填likely。 考查动词。此处指氢燃料电池汽车在未来会被投放市场，launch [(首次)上市]符合句意，作从句并列谓语动词，和从句主语hydrogen fuel cell vehicles是被动关系，结合will be mass-produced and，用一般将来时的被动语态，launch用过去分词形式表被动。故填launched。 7．答案：launched 8．答案：advances 考查名词。为地球带来好处的应该是科学和技术进步，名词advance (进步)符合句意，是可数名词，不止一个，用其复数形式。故填advances。 考查介词。根据所学和本处语境，介词including (包括)符合句意，这些领域包括健康、能源和信息技术领域。故填including。 考查名词。名词motive (动力)符合句意，作表语，是可数名词，不定冠词a提示单数形式。故填motive。 9．答案：including 10．答案：motive 返回 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $