内容正文:
外研版8下第五单元语法专练
宾语从句(that / if / whether)
第一部分:知识梳理
一、宾语从句概述
宾语从句是指在主句中充当宾语的句子。它通常跟在及物动词、介词或某些形容词后面。
结构:主句 + 连接词 + 从句(主语 + 谓语 + 其他)
宾语从句的三要素:
1. 连接词(that / if / whether / 疑问词)
2. 语序(从句必须用陈述语序)
3. 时态(主句与从句时态呼应)
二、连接词 that 的用法
1. 基本用法
that 引导陈述句的宾语从句,无实际意义,只起连接作用。
在口语和非正式文体中,that 常可省略。
例句:
I think (that) he is right.
She said (that) she would come.
We know (that) the earth goes around the sun.
2. that 不可省略的情况
当主句的谓语动词后有两个或两个以上的 that 从句时,第二个及以后的 that 不能省略。
He said that he liked English and that he wanted to learn it well.
当 that 从句与主句之间有插入语时,that 不可省略。
He said, that he disagreed with us.
当 that 从句单独作介词宾语时,that 不可省略。(但 that 从句一般不作介词宾语,除 except, in 等少数介词外)
这种情况较少见,一般记住前两条即可。
三、连接词 if / whether 的用法
if 和 whether 都表示“是否”,引导一般疑问句转化来的宾语从句。
1. 相同点
两者都可以引导宾语从句,表示“是否”。
从句用陈述语序。
例句:
I don't know if/whether he will come.
She asked if/whether I liked coffee.
2. 只用 whether 的六种情况
情况
说明
例句
介词后
介词后面的宾语从句只能用 whether
It depends on whether it rains.
与 or not 连用
whether or not 或 whether...or not
I don't know whether he will come or not.
不定式前
whether + to do
She hasn't decided whether to go abroad.
注意:在宾语从句中,if 一般不能与 or not 直接连用(可以说 if...or not,但中间有词语隔开)。通常用 whether or not。
四、宾语从句的语序
宾语从句必须用陈述语序,即:连接词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他。
正确:Could you tell me where the station is?
错误:Could you tell me where is the station?
五、宾语从句的时态呼应
主句时态
从句时态
例句
现在时/将来时
根据需要(任何时态)
I think he is a student.
过去时
相应的过去时态(一般过去、过去将来、过去完成等)
He said he liked coffee.
过去时(从句是客观真理)
一般现在时
The teacher said the earth goes around the sun.
第二部分:练习题
Part 1:单项选择
1. I don't know ______ he will come tomorrow.
A. that B. if C. what
2. He said ______ he had finished his work.
A. that B. if C. whether
3. She asked me ______ I liked English.
A. that B. if C. what
4. It depends on ______ it is going to rain.
A. if B. whether C. that
5. I'm not sure ______ he will come or not.
A. if B. whether C. that
6. Could you tell me ______ there is a post office near our school or not ?
A. that B. if C. whether
7. He wondered ______ he could pass the exam.
A. that B. if C. what
8. The problem is ______ we can finish the work on time.
A. if B. whether C. that
9. I think ______ he is right.
A. that B. if C. whether
10. She hasn't decided ______ to go abroad.
A. if B. whether C. that
Part 2:用 that, if, whether 填空
1. I believe __________ he is honest.
2. She asked __________ I had seen the movie.
3. He didn't know __________ she would come or not.
4. It depends on __________ we have enough time.
5. He said __________ he would help me.
6. I wonder __________ it is true.
7. The question is __________ he can do it alone.
8. Could you tell me __________ the train leaves?
9. I don't doubt __________ he is telling the truth.
10. She asked me __________ I was a student.
Part 3:完成句子
1. 我认为他是对的。
I __________ __________ he is right.
2. 她问我是否喜欢音乐。
She asked me __________ I __________ music.
3. 我不知道他是否会来。
I don't know __________ he __________ come.
4. 这取决于明天是否下雨。
It depends on __________ it __________ tomorrow.
5. 他告诉我他已经完成了作业。
He told me __________ he __________ finished his homework.
6. 我想知道你是否能帮我。
I wonder __________ you __________ help me.
7. 问题是我们能否按时到达。
The problem is __________ we can __________ on time.
8. 他告诉他正在做作业。
He told me __________ he _________ doing his homework.
Part 4:句型转换
1. Is he a doctor? I don't know. (合并为宾语从句)
I don't know __________ __________ a doctor.
2. "I like pop music," she said. (改为宾语从句)
She said __________ __________ __________ pop music.
3. Will they come? I wonder. (合并为宾语从句)
I wonder __________ they __________ come.
4. Does she speak English? He asked me. (合并为宾语从句)
He asked me __________ she __________ English.
5. "The earth moves around the sun," the teacher said. (改为宾语从句)
The teacher said __________ the earth __________ around the sun.
Part 5:改错
1. I don't know if he will come or not.
__________________________________
2. He asked me that I liked music.
__________________________________
3. Could you tell me whether is there a bus stop here?
__________________________________
4. It depends on if he has time.
__________________________________
5. She said that she was tired and that she wanted to rest. (判断对错)
__________________________________
6. I wonder if to go there.
__________________________________
7. He told me that he will come tomorrow.
__________________________________
8. She worries about if we can finish it or not.
__________________________________
9. I think he is right. (判断对错)
__________________________________
10. She asked me whether I had seen the movie. (判断对错)
__________________________________
第三部分:参考答案与解析
Part 1
1. B (if 表示“是否”)
2. A (that 引导陈述句宾语从句)
3. B (if 表示“是否”)
4. B (介词后用 whether)
5. B (与 or not 连用,常用 whether)
6. C (与 or not 连用,常用 whether)
7. B (if 表示“是否”)
8. B (表语从句用 whether)
9. A (that 引导陈述句,可省略)
10. B (不定式前用 whether)
Part 2
1. that
2. if / whether
3. whether (与 or not 连用)
4. whether (介词后)
5. that
6. if / whether
7. whether (表语从句)
8. if / whether
9. that (doubt 在否定句中接 that)
10. if / whether
Part 3
1. think that
2. if/whether; liked
3. if/whether; will
4. whether; rains
5. that; had
6. if/whether; can
7. whether; arrive
8. that; was
Part 4
1. if/whether he is
2. that she liked
3. if/whether; will
4. if/whether; spoke
5. that; moves
Part 5
1. if → whether (与 or not 连用时,最好用 whether;if 也可用于 if...or not,但中间不能紧挨 or not,所以这里最好用 whether)
2. that → if/whether (“问我是否喜欢音乐”,用 if/whether)
3. whether is there a bus stop here → whether there is a bus stop here (宾语从句用陈述语序)
4. if → whether (介词后用 whether)
5. 正确 (两个 that 并列,第二个 that 不可省略)
6. if → whether (不定式前用 whether)
7. will come → would come (主句 told 是过去时,从句用过去将来时)
8. if → whether (宾语从句用 whether...or not)
9. 正确 (that 在口语中可省略)
10. 正确
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