Unit 1 Helping those in need 动词不定式-【简语法-单元核心语法精练】2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语单元学案以“动词不定式”为核心语法点，围绕形式、作用、特殊用法及易混点设计学习目标，通过“核心语法回顾-专项能力突破-解题综合提升”的递进式任务，搭配表格梳理、典型例句与正误对比，构建系统的知识框架与学习路径。 亮点在于“语法模块精准化+多维练习分层化”设计，通过单项选择辨析易混动词（如try to do/doing）、完成句子强化否定形式与目的状语用法、语法填空整合语境应用，培养学生语言理解与表达能力及逻辑分析的思维品质。每模块附使用注意事项，为教师提供结构化复习方案，助力学生夯实语法基础并实现能力迁移。

单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 Helping those in need（新教材沪教版） （动词不定式） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理动词不定式的形式、作用、特殊用法及易混点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基本形式 1. 肯定形式 to + 动词原形（to 可根据规则省略） My best friend and I offered to help.（正确） 2. 否定形式 not + (to +) do（否定词放 to 前，省略 to 时直接加 not） He tells me not to tell him the truth.（正确） You had better not go out.（正确） 错误：He tells me to not tell him the truth. 二、核心作用 1. 作主语 ① 句型 1：It is + adj. (+for/of sb.) to do sth. ② 句型 2：It takes sb. some time to do sth. ① It is interesting to go hiking.（正确） ② It took me an hour to go home.（正确） 错误：To go hiking is interesting.（语法正确但不常用，优先用形式主语 it） 2. 作宾语 常见接不定式的动词：want、agree、need、try、learn、continue、offer、plan、hope、wish、decide、begin/start She wants to help people in need.（正确） We decided to volunteer at the library.（正确） 错误：She wants helping people in need. 3. 作宾语补足语 常见接不定式的动词：ask、order、allow、tell、encourage、invite、warn、teach、expect、would like、advise、remind We encourage them to sing songs.（正确） They invited him to join the activity.（正确） 错误：We encourage them sing songs. 4. 作目的状语 位于句末，表动作目的（to 译为 “为了”） She goes to school to learn Chinese.（正确） We raised money to help the sick children.（正确） 错误：She goes to school learn Chinese. 三、省略 to 的情况 1. 使役动词 make /let/have sb. do sth.（让某人做某事） He makes me laugh.（正确） My mom lets me watch TV after homework.（正确） 错误：He makes me to laugh. 2. 感官动词 see /watch/notice /hear sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程） I often see him draw pictures.（正确） She heard the baby cry.（正确） 错误：I often see him to draw pictures. 3. 固定搭配 ① help sb. (to) do sth.（to 可省） ② had better (not) do sth.（最好（不要）做某事） ① He helps her (to) do housework.（正确） ② You had better have a rest.（正确） 错误：You had better to have a rest. 四、易混动词（to do vs doing） 1. try try to do sth.（努力做某事） try doing sth.（尝试做某事） I’ll try to finish my homework now.（努力完成） Why not try eating this new cake?（尝试吃） 2. stop stop to do sth.（停下来去做另一件事） stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事） We stopped running to drink some water.（停跑喝水） He stopped talking when the teacher came in.（停止说话） 3. remember remember to do sth.（记得去做某事，未做） remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，已做） Remember to turn off the lights.（记得去关灯） I remember seeing this movie before.（记得看过） 4. forget forget to do sth.（忘记去做某事，未做） forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事，已做） Don’t forget to take your umbrella.（别忘了带伞） He forgot giving me the book.（忘了给过书） 使用注意事项 1. 作主语时，优先用 “It is + adj. + to do” 形式主语结构，避免直接用 “To do + 谓语” 开头（虽语法正确但不常用）。 2. 使役动词和感官动词后接不定式时必须省略 to，但被动语态中需还原 to，例如：He was made to finish the work（正确），He was made finish the work（错误）。 3. 易混动词需根据含义区分搭配：表 “未做 / 目的” 用 to do，表 “已做 / 动作本身” 用 doing，避免混淆 try、remember 等词的用法。 4. 否定形式中 not 需置于 to 前（带 to 时）或直接加在动词前（省 to 时），不可说 “to not do” 或 “had better to not do”。 一、单项选择 1．Did you see Kitty ________ in front of the library at the moment? A．standing B．to stand C．stands D．stood 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你刚才看见基蒂站在图书馆前面了吗？ 考查非谓语动词。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，see sb do sth表示“看见某人做了某事”；根据at the moment可知，此处强调过去某时刻正在进行的动作，用现在分词。故选A。 2．The boy practises__________football every day. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个男孩每天练习踢足球。Practise（练习）后跟动词的ing形式作宾语。故选C. 点睛：后面只接现在分词的动词有：practise ，avoid ，enjoy，finish，consider，feel like，aviod，keep等。 3．I often see Tom ________ TV. Just now when I walked past his room, I saw him ________ TV again. A．watch; watching B．watching; watch C．watch; watch D．watching; watching 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我经常看见汤姆看电视。刚才当我经过他的房间时，我又看见他正在看电视。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I often see Tom”可知，此处是see sb do sth“看见某人做某事”，强调看见某人做某事的全过程，第一空用动词原形watch“看”；根据“Just now when I walked past his room, I saw him...TV again.”可知，此处是强调刚才经过房间时看见某人正在做某事，用see sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”，第二空用现在分词watching。故选A。 4．---I like reading. It makes me _____________.What about you? ---Me, too. A．to feel happily B．to feel happy C．feel happily D．feel happy 【答案】D 【详解】句意：—我喜欢读书，读书使我感到高兴。你呢？—我也是。根据句意及题干分析“使某人做某事”是make sb. do sth.；feel是系动词，后面要加形容词作表语，故选D。 5．— Would you like ______ badminton with me? — Yes, I enjoy ______ badminton a lot. A．to play; playing B．playing; playing C．to play; to play D．playing; to play 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起打羽毛球吗？——是的，我非常喜欢打羽毛球。 考查非谓语动词。to play动词不定式；playing动名词形式。would like to do sth.是固定短语，意为“愿意做某事”，所以第一空填“to play”；enjoy doing sth.也是固定短语，意为“喜欢做某事”，因此第二空填“playing”。结合选项，故选A。 6．In class, the teacher wants her students ________ about their learning habits. A．to talk B．to speak C．talking D．speaking 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在课堂上，老师希望她的学生谈论他们的学习习惯。 考查非谓语动词以及动词辨析。talk谈论；speak说。根据“about their learning habits”可知，此处用talk about表示“谈论”，want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补，故选A。 7．________ improve health services, we plan to set up more hospitals in the countryside. A．So that B．Because of C．In order to D．As long as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了改善医疗服务，我们计划在农村建立更多医院。 考查短语辨析。So that以便于；Because of因为；In order to为了；As long as只要。根据“... improve health services”可知，此处表目的，空格后为动词原形，In order to后直接跟动词原形，表目的。故选C。 8．— ________ do you think of your English teacher? — She is strict ________ us, but she always encourages us ________ English well. A．How; about; to learn B．What; about; learning C．How; with; learn D．What; with; to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你认为你的英语老师怎么样？——她对我们很严格，但她总是鼓励我们学好英语。 考查特殊疑问句和短语搭配。what do you think of...“你认为……怎么样”，因此what符合句意；be strict with sb“对某人严格”，因此with符合句意；encourage sb to do“鼓励某人做某事”，因此to learn符合句意；故选D。 9．Cars cause most of Beijing’s air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers ____their cars at home one day each month. A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汽车造成了北京大部分的空气污染。所以“无车日”活动要求北京司机每个月有一天将他们自己的车子留在家里。 考查动词不定式。A. leave原形；B. leaving动名词，现在分词；C. to leave动词不定式；D. left过去式；根据ask sb to do sth表示要求某人做某事，结合句意是要求北京司机每个月有一天将他们自己的车子留在家里，故选C。 10．—You’d better _________ some popcorn or soft drinks before the film begins. —But I think it’s better _________ anything while watching the film. A．buy; not to have B．to buy; not to have C．to buy; to have D．buy; to have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你最好在电影开始前买些爆米花或软饮料。——但我认为看电影时最好什么都不要吃。 考查情态动词和不定式。had better do sth最好做某事，固定搭配，第一空应用动词原形。而It’s better to do sth表示更好做某事，否定形式在to前面加not。故选A。 11．—I beg your pardon. I didn’t catch you.    —I just asked ________. A．whether will we visit the park B．who you plan to dance with C．if we will share the problems with someone or not D．whether to deal with the problem 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——对不起，我没听清楚。——我只是问是否要处理这个问题。 考查宾语从句。根据“I just asked...”并结合选项可知，空处为宾语从句，应该用陈述语序，排除A；主句为一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时，可排除BC。D项为“疑问词+不定式结构”作宾语。故选D。 12．—Mr Lee is an animal lover. He does everything he can ________ animals.   —He is really a friend to animals. A．protect B．protected C．to protect D．protecting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——李先生是个动物爱好者，他竭尽全力去保护动物。——他真是动物们的朋友。 考查非谓语动词。根据“He does everything he can”可知，“he can”是定语从句，修饰先行词everything，主句谓语动词是does，此处用动词不定式作目的状语，说明他做所有能做的事的目的是保护动物，故选to protect，故选C。 13．Our teacher told us _________ too much noise in class. A．to make B．make C．not to make D．not make 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们老师告诉我们不要在班内制造如此多的噪音。 考查非谓语动词。tell sb. (not) to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“告诉某人（不要）做某事”。根据too much noise in class提示，老师叫学生不要吵闹。故选C。 【点睛】不定式作句子成分表示具体的将要进行的动作，一般不用于介词后面。动名词作句子成分往往表示抽象的，反复发生的动作。介词后面一般接动名词作宾语，也有部分动词后接动名词做宾语，注意和不定式作宾语表达含义的不同。 14．What sport does Zhong Nanshan enjoy ________ him look strong? A．to make B．make C．making D．made 【答案】A 【详解】句意：钟南山喜欢什么样的运动能使他看起来强壮？ 考查非谓语动词。根据“…him look strong”可知，后面句子想表达“为了使他变强壮”的含义，需要用to do 不定式作目的状语。故选A。 15．My computer requires ______, so I need you ______me. A．to repair, to help B．repairing, to help C．to repair, helping D．repairing, helping 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的电脑需要修理，所以我需要你帮我。某物需要被做sth require doing, 故第一个空填repairing, 第二个空用到need sb to do sth, 故填to help。结合选项故选B。 二、完成句子 1. 你上课不能使用手机，因为你需要专注学习。 You can’t in class because you need to learning. 【答案】 use your phone focus on 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“使用你的手机”和“专注”。use“使用”，情态动词can’t后接动词原形；your“你的”，phone“手机”，use your phone“使用你的手机”；focus on“专注于”，动词短语；need to后接动词原形。故填use your phone；focus on。 2. 她决定参加游泳队的选拔。 She decided to for the swimming team. 【答案】 try out 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“参加……的选拔”，其对应的英文表达是try out，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填try；out。 3. 冬天我们经常去公园滑冰。 We often go to the park in winter. 【答案】 to ice-skate 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“滑冰”。“go to the park to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“去公园做某事”，“滑冰”用动词短语ice-skate表示，此处用不定式作目的状语，故填to; ice-skate。 4. It’s a good place. You can visit it.(合并为一句) It’s a good place for you . 【答案】 to visit 【详解】句意：这是个好地方。你可以参观一下。此处可改为“这对你来说是一个游览的好地方”，参观：visit；根据“a good place...”可知此处可用动词不定式作定语，修饰名词place。故填to；visit。 5. 我常在下雨的午后看故事书打发时光。 I usually read story books to on rainy afternoons. 【答案】 pass the time 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“打发时光”。“pass the time” 为固定短语，表示“打发时光”；根据句子结构，不定式符号“to”后接动词原形。故填pass；the；time。 6. 我们明天打算去野炊，但是还没有决定什么时候出发。 We are going to have a picnic, but we haven’t decided yet. 【答案】 when to set off 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处填“什么时候出发”。根据句子结构，这里应用“疑问词+动词不定式”作“decided”宾语；when“什么时候”；set off“出发”，是一个固定短语。故填when；to；set；off。 7. She spent three hours learning to play the guitar yesterday. (同义句转换) It her three hours to play the guitar yesterday. 【答案】 took to learn 【详解】句意：昨天她花了三个小时学习弹吉他。改为同义句，应用It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”，句子为一般过去时，动词用took，learning应该为to learn。故填took；to；learn。 8. 带你的宠物出去散步是你自己进行锻炼的好方法。 Taking your pet out for a walk can be a great way to yourself. 【答案】 get some exercise 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，英文句子缺少“进行锻炼”，英文表达是get some exercise，动词短语；空前的“to”是动词不定式符号，其后接动词原形。故填get；some；exercise。 9. 要想更好地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。 It is necessary for us    English well to know more about the world. 【答案】 to learn 【详解】由题干可知，该句结构为“it is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”意为“做某事对某人而言是……的”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语；learn“学习”，此处用不定式to learn作句子的主语。故填to；learn。 10. Goldfish are easy to look after. （改为同义句） It’s easy goldfish. 【答案】 to take care of 【详解】句意：金鱼很好养。此句可改为固定句式It is+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语；look after=take care of，故填to；take；care；of。 11. 在实地考察中，我们将有机会在文化节上品尝当地美食，尽情享乐。 On our field trip, we’ll have the chance to and at the cultural festival. 【答案】 taste local food enjoy ourselves 【详解】taste local food“品尝当地美食”，动词不定式符号to后跟动词原形；enjoy oneself“玩得开心”，第二空与taste并列，动词用原形，主语是we，反身代词用ourselves。故填taste local food；enjoy ourselves。 12. 这本百科全书帮助我们解答了很多关于科学的问题。 This encyclopedia helps us many questions science. 【答案】 answer about 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一个空表示“解答”，answer“解答”，help sb. do sth.“帮助某人做某事”，因此answer用原形。第二个空表示“关于”，通常用介词“about”。故填answer；about。 13. Don’t forget to take your raincoat when going out.（改为同义句） to your raincoat when you . 【答案】 Remember take go out 【详解】句意：出门时别忘了带上雨衣。此处可改为“当你出门时记得带雨衣”，remember to do sth.“记得做某事”，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头；此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主语是you，谓语动词用原形go out。故填Remember；take；go；out。 14. "Don't tell him the news." she said. (改成间接引语) She told me him the news. 【答案】 not to tell 【详解】句意：她说：“不要告诉他这个消息。”直接引语是祈使句，间接引语变为句型tell sb. to do sth.，否定形式在to前加not。故这里填not to tell。故填not to tell。 15. 他那时恰好从那里路过。 He happened to there at that time. 【答案】 pass by 【详解】pass by“路过”，是动词短语，happen to do sth“恰好做某事”，故填pass；by。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 There are different outdoor activities for different 1 (season). In spring we can fly kites. In summer, we can go swimming or sailing. In autumn, it is a good idea to hike or camp. In winter, we can go to ski or skate. They bring us great fun. They make us 2 (keep) strong and fit, too. So it is important for people 3 (take) part in some outdoor activities at the right time. There are many group activities like football and basketball. The members work together for 4 same goal. So group activities need team spirit. It is 5 (real) useful for a person to have it. It is good for 6 (we) in life and work. The old like walking and 7 (jog). These activities don’t need much strength. Young people like 8 (excite) activities, like diving, skiing and horse riding. Children like fun activities like flying kites. Some outdoor activities are 9 (danger), like climbing rocks, 10 we must be careful when we take part in them. 【答案】 1. seasons 2. keep 3. to take 4. the 5. really 6. us 7. jogging 8. exciting 9. dangerous 10. so 【导语】本文主要讲述了不同季节适合的户外活动，以及不同人群偏爱的户外活动类型。 1. 句意：不同的季节有不同的户外活动。根据“different”和提示词可知，此处表达“不同的季节”，应该用复数形式“seasons”。故填seasons。 2. 句意：它们也使我们保持强壮和健康。根据“make us”和提示词可知，此处是“make sb do sth.”的结构，表示“让某人做某事”，所以应该用动词原形“keep”。故填keep。 3. 句意：所以对人们来说，在适当的时间参加一些户外活动是很重要的。根据“it is important for people”和提示词可知，此处是“it is+形容词+for sb to do sth.”的结构，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，所以应该用不定式“to take”。故填to take。 4. 句意：成员们为了同一个目标而共同努力。根据“same goal”可知，此处是特指同一个目标，所以应该用定冠词“the”。故填the。 5. 句意：对一个人来说拥有它真的很有用。根据“It is”和提示词可知，此处需要用副词修饰形容词“useful”，表示“真的很有用”，所以应该用“really”。故填really。 6. 句意：它在生活和工作中对我们有好处。根据“for”和提示词可知，此处是介宾结构，应该用宾格形式“us”。故填us。 7. 句意：老年人喜欢散步和慢跑。根据“like walking and”和提示词可知，此处是与“walking”并列的动名词形式，表示“慢跑”这一活动，所以应该用“jogging”。故填jogging。 8. 句意：年轻人喜欢刺激的活动，比如潜水、滑雪和骑马。根据“activities”和提示词可知，此处需要用形容词修饰名词，表示“刺激的活动”，所以应该用“exciting”。故填exciting。 9. 句意：一些户外活动很危险，比如攀岩。根据“are”和提示词可知，此处需要用形容词作表语，表示“危险的”，所以应该用“dangerous”。故填dangerous。 10. 句意：所以当我们参加这些活动时必须小心。根据“Some outdoor activities are dangerous”和“we must be careful when we take part in them”可知，前后句之间存在因果关系，前句是原因，后句是结果，所以应该用连词“so”表示“所以”。故填so。 Passage 2 Sunday, July 2nd Sunny We arrived 1 Sydney this morning. How cool the weather was! There is a big 2 (different) in the weather between Sydney and that in Beijing. It’s winter in Sydney now. Our hotel is not far from the Sydney Opera House, 3 we visited it first. The 4 (build) is really large and we saw quite a few rooms and halls in it. We spent two hours walking around inside it. Then we came to 5 near restaurant for lunch. I didn’t eat 6 (something) special but my dad did. He 7 (try) Australian beef. After that, we decided 8 (visit) the Royal Botanic Gardens (皇家植物园) because one visitor that we met in the restaurant told us there were more than 7,000 kinds of plants in it. We thought it seemed 9 (be) a good place to visit, so we went there. In fact, it was really beautiful and we enjoyed 10 (we) very much. It took us the whole afternoon to visit it. Nobody felt bored there. Everyone was happy and looked forward to (期待) the trip tomorrow. 【答案】 1. in 2. difference 3. so 4. building 5. a 6. anything 7. tried 8. to visit 9. to be 10. ourselves 【导语】本文是一篇日记，记录了作者一家7月2日在悉尼的旅行经历，包括参观悉尼歌剧院、在附近餐厅用餐以及游览皇家植物园等行程。 1. 句意：我们今天早上到达了悉尼。根据“arrived…Sydney”可知，arrive后接大地点时，介词用in，悉尼是城市，属于大地点，故填in。 2. 句意：悉尼和北京的天气有很大不同。根据“a big…”可知，不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，different的名词形式是difference，故填difference。 3. 句意：我们的酒店离悉尼歌剧院不远，所以我们先去参观了它。根据“Our hotel is not far from the Sydney Opera House,…we visited it first.”可知，前后句为因果关系，应用连词so连接，故填so。 4. 句意：这座建筑非常大，我们在里面看到了不少房间和大厅。根据“the…is really large”可知，句子缺少主语，需用名词形式，build的名词是building，结合后面的is可知用单数形式，故填building。 5. 句意：然后我们来到附近的一家餐厅吃午饭。根据“came to…near restaurant”可知，restaurant是可数名词单数，此处表示泛指“一家餐厅”，near是以辅音音素开头的单词，前面用不定冠词a，故填a。 6. 句意：我没有吃什么特别的东西，但我爸爸吃了。根据“didn’t eat…special”可知，本句是否定句，否定句中something要改为anything，故填anything。 7. 句意：他尝了澳大利亚牛肉。根据“He…Australian beef.”可知，文章整体时态为一般过去时，此处谓语动词try需用过去式，try的过去式是tried，故填tried。 8. 句意：之后，我们决定去参观皇家植物园，因为我们在餐厅遇到的一位游客告诉我们，那里有超过7000种植物。根据“decided…”可知，decide后接动词不定式作宾语，即decide to do sth.，表示“决定做某事”，故填to visit。 9. 句意：我们认为它似乎是一个值得参观的好地方，所以我们就去了那里。根据“seemed…”可知，seem后接动词不定式，即seem to do sth.，表示“似乎……”，故填to be。 10. 句意：事实上，那里非常漂亮，我们玩得很开心。根据“enjoyed…very much”可知，此处考查enjoy oneself，表示“玩得开心”，主语是we，对应的反身代词是ourselves，故填ourselves。 Passage 3 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 I once worked as 1 volunteer at children’s hospital in South Africa. My job was to help make the kids feel happy during their stay. Sounds interesting, right? 2 some people can’t understand why I chose to do it. Let me tell you the reasons why I made this choice. The 3 (one) reason was to help people have a better future. In this big world, so many people need care. Take the children in the hospital where I worked, for example. They often felt lonely facing all the difficulties, 4 (especial) when their parents had other children to care for. So, why not try to help as many people as possible? Moreover, volunteering in Africa has allowed me 5 (feel) different parts of our planet. And I 6 (meet) people from different corners of the world. They had their own ideas, 7 (experience) and dreams. We shared amazing memories and learned 8 each other. It was really 9 (meaning) to be close to them. I hope to help even 10 (many) people in the future! 【答案】 1. a 2. But 3. first 4. especially 5. to feel 6. met 7. experiences 8. from 9. meaningful 10. more 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在南非一家儿童医院做志愿者的经历和感受。 1. 句意：我曾经在南非的一家儿童医院做志愿者。此处表示泛指的含义，volunteer以辅音音素开头，用a。故填a。 2. 句意：但有些人不能理解我为什么选择做这件事。根据“Sounds interesting, right?…some people can’t understand why I chose to do it.”的语境可知，此处句意发生了转折，but“但是”符合，句首首字母大写。故填But。 3. 句意：第一个原因是帮助人们拥有更好的未来。根据“The…reason was to help people have a better future.”的语境可知，此处解释第一个原因，first“第一”符合。故填first。 4. 句意：面对所有的困难，他们经常感到孤独，尤其是当他们的父母有其他孩子要照顾的时候。修饰从句需用副词especially“尤其”。故填especially。 5. 句意：此外，在非洲做志愿者让我感受到了地球上不同的地方。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，是固定搭配。故填to feel。 6. 句意：我遇到了来自世界不同角落的人。此处指过去的事情，用过去式met。故填met。 7. 句意：他们有自己的想法、经历和梦想。与ideas、dreams并列，需用复数experiences“经历”。故填experiences。 8. 句意：我们分享美好的回忆，并互相学习。learn from为固定搭配，表示“向……学习”。故填from。 9. 句意：亲近他们真的很有意义。分析句子结构可知，作表语需用形容词meaningful“有意义的”。故填meaningful。 10. 句意：我希望将来能帮助更多的人！even修饰比较级，many的比较级为more。故填more。 Passage 4 请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺。 Popular cartoon heroes like Spider-Man win the hearts of young people all over the world. The pictures 1 them are everywhere, on office desks, schoolbags and computer screens. There are also some much 2 (old) cartoon favourites, for example, the Monkey King. He is the hero of a story 3 (call) Havoc in Heaven. He leads a group of monkeys against the Emperor of Heaven and his men. He is brave, clever and 4 (humour). Parents and children laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven. They always look forward to 5 (see) more Monkey King cartoons. Tintin is another favourite cartoon hero. He 6 (be) popular for over ninety years, ever since the artist Hergé invented him in 1929. Tintin has red hair and a small white dog. He works for a newspaper and has lots of exciting experiences. Fans have bought about 300 million 7 (copy) of Tintin’s stories in more than seventy languages. Tintin appeared in China 8 the 1980s. Many Chinese still collect these black-and-white Tintin books. Finally, Snoopy, a cute dog, 9 (celebrate) his seventieth birthday in 2020. Snoopy lives in his own private world and finds real life hard to understand. Charles Schulz created Snoopy and his friends, and managed 10 (draw) the cartoons to satisfy (使满意) old people as well as children. It is well known in seventy-five countries around the world. 【答案】 1. of 2. older 3. called 4. humorous 5. seeing 6. has been 7. copies 8. in 9. celebrated 10. to draw 【导语】本文介绍了几个深受世界各地年轻人喜爱的卡通英雄形象，包括蜘蛛侠、孙悟空、丁丁和史努比，阐述了它们各自的特点、受欢迎程度以及相关背景等信息。 1. 句意：关于它们的图片到处都是，在办公桌、书包和电脑屏幕上。根据“The pictures...them are everywhere”可知，这里要表达“关于这些卡通英雄的图片”，“the pictures of...”是固定表达，表示“……的图片”，故填of。 2. 句意：也有一些更古老的深受喜爱的卡通形象。 根据“There are also some much...cartoon favourites”可知，此处是将一些卡通形象和前面提到的蜘蛛侠等进行对比，有“更古老”的意思，much后接形容词比较级，old的比较级是older，故填older。 3. 句意：他是一个叫做《大闹天宫》的故事里的英雄。根据“He is the hero of a story...Havoc in Heaven” 可知，此处要用过去分词called作后置定语，修饰story，表示“被叫做”，即“一个被叫做《大闹天宫》的故事”，故填called。 4. 句意：他勇敢、聪明且幽默。根据“He is brave, clever and...”可知，and连接并列的形容词，humour的形容词形式是humorous，表示“幽默的”，故填humorous。 5. 句意：他们总是期待看到更多的孙悟空卡通片。根据“They always look forward to...more Monkey King cartoons”可知，“look forward to doing sth.”是固定用法，表示“期待做某事”，所以此处要用see 的动名词形式seeing，故填seeing。 6. 句意：自从艺术家埃尔热在1929年创造了他，他已经流行了九十多年了。根据“He...popular for over ninety years, ever since the artist Hergé invented him in 1929” 可知，“ever since+过去时间点”表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的时间段，句子要用现在完成时，其结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语He是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，be的过去分词是been，故填has been。 7. 句意：粉丝们已经购买了大约3亿册用七十多种语言编写的丁丁的故事书。根据“Fans have bought about 300 million...of Tintin’s stories”可知，copy是可数名词，“300 million”表示数量众多，所以要用其复数形式copies，故填copies。 8. 句意：丁丁在20世纪80年代出现在中国。 根据“Tintin appeared in China...the 1980s”可知，“in the+年代”表示“在……年代”，是固定用法，故填in。 9. 句意：最后，可爱的狗狗史努比在2020年庆祝了他的七十岁生日。根据“Finally, Snoopy, a cute dog,...his seventieth birthday in 2020”可知，“in 2020”是过去的时间，所以句子时态要用一般过去时，celebrate的过去式是celebrated，故填celebrated。 10. 句意：查尔斯·舒尔茨创造了史努比和他的朋友们，并设法画出这些卡通片以满足老人和孩子。根据“Charles Schulz created Snoopy and his friends, and managed...the cartoons”可知，“manage to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“设法做成某事”，所以此处要用draw 的不定式形式to draw，故填to draw。 Passage 5 适当形式填空 The Special Olympics World Games were successfully held in Shanghai many years ago. They give children and adults with intellectual 1 (disability) a chance to show their skills to the world. Over 40,000 people gave 2 their spare time. It was necessary for these volunteers to receive 3 (train) before doing the tasks. They provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. Li Hai was born 4 intellectual disabilities. It was very brave of him 5 (join) in the competition. To him, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. He 6 (try) his best and finished 7 (four). He feels more confident now because 8 the Special Olympics World Games. The Special Olympics World Games also bring people together. Athletes and volunteers from different 9 (background) feel like part of one big family. It’s great for them to work 10 (close) with these special athletes. 【答案】 1. disabilities 2. up 3. training 4. with 5. to join 6. tried 7. fourth 8. of 9. backgrounds 10. closely 【导语】本文介绍了多年前在上海成功举办的特奥会，它的意义不仅在于竞技，更在于凝聚人心，让不同背景的人成为一家人。 1. 句意：它们给有智力障碍的儿童和成人一个向世界展示技能的机会。disability为可数名词，此处表泛指“智力障碍”，用复数形式disabilities，故填disabilities。 2. 句意：超过4万人献出了他们的业余时间。give up为固定搭配，意为“放弃；献出”，此处指“献出业余时间”，故填up。 3. 句意：这些志愿者在执行任务前接受培训是必要的。receive后接名词作宾语，train的名词形式为training（培训），故填training。 4. 句意：李海生来就有智力障碍。be born with为固定搭配，意为“天生具有”，故填with。 5. 句意：他参加比赛非常勇敢。It’s + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.为固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语，故填to join。 6. 句意：他尽了最大努力，获得了第四名。根据“and finished”可知，此处用一般过去时，try的过去式为tried，故填tried。 7. 句意：他尽了最大努力，获得了第四名。表示“第四名”，用序数词fourth，故填fourth。 8. 句意：因为特奥会，他现在感到更自信了。because of为固定搭配，后接名词（短语），意为“因为”，故填of。 9. 句意：来自不同背景的运动员和志愿者感觉像是一个大家庭的一员。background“背景”，可数名词，根据“different”可知，后接复数形式，故填backgrounds。 10. 句意：他们与这些特殊的运动员密切合作是很棒的。根据“work”可知，此处用副词修饰动词work，close的副词形式为closely（密切地），故填closely。 Passage 6 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。 Last year, my family and I went to visit the Great Wall in Beijing. It was a sunny day. When we 1 (arrive) there, there were already many visitors. The Great Wall looked like a huge dragon lying on 2 mountains. We started climbing from the foot of the mountain. At first, I felt very excited and climbed fast. But after about 30 minutes, I got tired and wanted to give 3 . My father told me, “The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese 4 (history) culture. Many people from all over the world come to visit it every year. You should keep going.” I took a short rest and then continued climbing. Along the way, we saw many ancient stones and towers with 5 carvings. I also took many 6 (photo) with my family. Finally, we reached the top of the wall. From there, we could see the beautiful scenery below. I felt very 7 (pride) of myself. Visiting the Great Wall was a wonderful experience. I learned a lot about Chinese history and culture. I hope 8 (visit) it again someday. During the trip, I also made a new friend from America. He told me that he 9 (be) interested in Chinese culture for a long time. We talked a lot about the Great Wall and exchanged our 10 (email) addresses. Before leaving, he gave me a small gift, a keychain with the Statue of Liberty on it. Now we often keep in touch with each other. 【答案】 1. arrived 2. the 3. up 4. historical 5. some 6. photos 7. proud 8. to visit 9. had been 10. email 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者和家人游览长城的经历，包括攀登过程、感受以及结识新朋友的故事。 1. 句意：当我们到达那里时，已经有很多游客了。由“there were already many visitors”可知是一般过去时，动词arrive需用过去式arrived。故填arrived。 2. 句意：长城看起来像一条巨龙卧在山上。此处特指长城所在的山脉，需用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。 3. 句意：但大约30分钟后，我累了，想放弃。固定短语“give up”表示“放弃”，符合语境。故填up。 4. 句意：长城是中国历史文化的象征。此处修饰名词culture，需用形容词形式historical“历史的”。故填historical。 5. 句意：沿途我们看到了许多带有一些雕刻的古老石头和塔楼。carvings为可数名词复数，用some“一些”修饰，符合语境。故填some。 6. 句意：我还和家人拍了很多照片。photo为可数名词，修饰复数名词photos。故填photos。 7. 句意：我为自己感到非常自豪。feel后接形容词作表语，pride的形容词形式是proud“自豪的、骄傲的”。故填proud。 8. 句意：我希望有一天再次游览它。“hope to do”表示“希望做某事”，需用不定式to visit。故填to visit。 9. 句意：他告诉我，他对中国文化感兴趣很久了。根据“for a long time”可知，动作发生在过去且持续，需用完成时；且此处是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句应是过去完成时，结构是“had+过去分词”。故填had been。 10. 句意：我们聊了很多关于长城的事，还交换了电子邮件地址。修饰名词addresses需用单数形式email。故填email。 16 / 16乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $单元核心语法精练 Unit 1 Helping those in need（新教材沪教版） （动词不定式） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 本表系统梳理动词不定式的形式、作用、特殊用法及易混点，搭配典型例句与正误对比，助力精准掌握其拼写与应用。 语法模块 核心要点 具体内容 典型例句（含正误对比） 一、基本形式 1. 肯定形式 to + 动词原形（to 可根据规则省略） My best friend and I offered to help.（正确） 2. 否定形式 not + (to +) do（否定词放 to 前，省略 to 时直接加 not） He tells me not to tell him the truth.（正确） You had better not go out.（正确） 错误：He tells me to not tell him the truth. 二、核心作用 1. 作主语 ① 句型 1：It is + adj. (+for/of sb.) to do sth. ② 句型 2：It takes sb. some time to do sth. ① It is interesting to go hiking.（正确） ② It took me an hour to go home.（正确） 错误：To go hiking is interesting.（语法正确但不常用，优先用形式主语 it） 2. 作宾语 常见接不定式的动词：want、agree、need、try、learn、continue、offer、plan、hope、wish、decide、begin/start She wants to help people in need.（正确） We decided to volunteer at the library.（正确） 错误：She wants helping people in need. 3. 作宾语补足语 常见接不定式的动词：ask、order、allow、tell、encourage、invite、warn、teach、expect、would like、advise、remind We encourage them to sing songs.（正确） They invited him to join the activity.（正确） 错误：We encourage them sing songs. 4. 作目的状语 位于句末，表动作目的（to 译为 “为了”） She goes to school to learn Chinese.（正确） We raised money to help the sick children.（正确） 错误：She goes to school learn Chinese. 三、省略 to 的情况 1. 使役动词 make /let/have sb. do sth.（让某人做某事） He makes me laugh.（正确） My mom lets me watch TV after homework.（正确） 错误：He makes me to laugh. 2. 感官动词 see /watch/notice /hear sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程） I often see him draw pictures.（正确） She heard the baby cry.（正确） 错误：I often see him to draw pictures. 3. 固定搭配 ① help sb. (to) do sth.（to 可省） ② had better (not) do sth.（最好（不要）做某事） ① He helps her (to) do housework.（正确） ② You had better have a rest.（正确） 错误：You had better to have a rest. 四、易混动词（to do vs doing） 1. try try to do sth.（努力做某事） try doing sth.（尝试做某事） I’ll try to finish my homework now.（努力完成） Why not try eating this new cake?（尝试吃） 2. stop stop to do sth.（停下来去做另一件事） stop doing sth.（停止正在做的事） We stopped running to drink some water.（停跑喝水） He stopped talking when the teacher came in.（停止说话） 3. remember remember to do sth.（记得去做某事，未做） remember doing sth.（记得做过某事，已做） Remember to turn off the lights.（记得去关灯） I remember seeing this movie before.（记得看过） 4. forget forget to do sth.（忘记去做某事，未做） forget doing sth.（忘记做过某事，已做） Don’t forget to take your umbrella.（别忘了带伞） He forgot giving me the book.（忘了给过书） 使用注意事项 1. 作主语时，优先用 “It is + adj. + to do” 形式主语结构，避免直接用 “To do + 谓语” 开头（虽语法正确但不常用）。 2. 使役动词和感官动词后接不定式时必须省略 to，但被动语态中需还原 to，例如：He was made to finish the work（正确），He was made finish the work（错误）。 3. 易混动词需根据含义区分搭配：表 “未做 / 目的” 用 to do，表 “已做 / 动作本身” 用 doing，避免混淆 try、remember 等词的用法。 4. 否定形式中 not 需置于 to 前（带 to 时）或直接加在动词前（省 to 时），不可说 “to not do” 或 “had better to not do”。 一、单项选择 1．Did you see Kitty ________ in front of the library at the moment? A．standing B．to stand C．stands D．stood 2．The boy practises__________football every day. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 3．I often see Tom ________ TV. Just now when I walked past his room, I saw him ________ TV again. A．watch; watching B．watching; watch C．watch; watch D．watching; watching 4．---I like reading. It makes me _____________.What about you? ---Me, too. A．to feel happily B．to feel happy C．feel happily D．feel happy 5．— Would you like ______ badminton with me? — Yes, I enjoy ______ badminton a lot. A．to play; playing B．playing; playing C．to play; to play D．playing; to play 6．In class, the teacher wants her students ________ about their learning habits. A．to talk B．to speak C．talking D．speaking 7．________ improve health services, we plan to set up more hospitals in the countryside. A．So that B．Because of C．In order to D．As long as 8．— ________ do you think of your English teacher? — She is strict ________ us, but she always encourages us ________ English well. A．How; about; to learn B．What; about; learning C．How; with; learn D．What; with; to learn 9．Cars cause most of Beijing’s air pollution. So the “No Car Day” campaign（活动）asks Beijing drivers ____their cars at home one day each month. A．leave B．leaving C．to leave D．left 10．—You’d better _________ some popcorn or soft drinks before the film begins. —But I think it’s better _________ anything while watching the film. A．buy; not to have B．to buy; not to have C．to buy; to have D．buy; to have 11．—I beg your pardon. I didn’t catch you.    —I just asked ________. A．whether will we visit the park B．who you plan to dance with C．if we will share the problems with someone or not D．whether to deal with the problem 12．—Mr Lee is an animal lover. He does everything he can ________ animals.   —He is really a friend to animals. A．protect B．protected C．to protect D．protecting 13．Our teacher told us _________ too much noise in class. A．to make B．make C．not to make D．not make 14．What sport does Zhong Nanshan enjoy ________ him look strong? A．to make B．make C．making D．made 15．My computer requires ______, so I need you ______me. A．to repair, to help B．repairing, to help C．to repair, helping D．repairing, helping 二、完成句子 1. 你上课不能使用手机，因为你需要专注学习。 You can’t in class because you need to learning. 2. 她决定参加游泳队的选拔。 She decided to for the swimming team. 3. 冬天我们经常去公园滑冰。 We often go to the park in winter. 4. It’s a good place. You can visit it.(合并为一句) It’s a good place for you . 5. 我常在下雨的午后看故事书打发时光。 I usually read story books to on rainy afternoons. 6. 我们明天打算去野炊，但是还没有决定什么时候出发。 We are going to have a picnic, but we haven’t decided yet. 7. She spent three hours learning to play the guitar yesterday. (同义句转换) It her three hours to play the guitar yesterday. 8. 带你的宠物出去散步是你自己进行锻炼的好方法。 Taking your pet out for a walk can be a great way to yourself. 9. 要想更好地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。 It is necessary for us    English well to know more about the world. 10. Goldfish are easy to look after. （改为同义句） It’s easy goldfish. 11. 在实地考察中，我们将有机会在文化节上品尝当地美食，尽情享乐。 On our field trip, we’ll have the chance to and at the cultural festival. 12. 这本百科全书帮助我们解答了很多关于科学的问题。 This encyclopedia helps us many questions science. 13. Don’t forget to take your raincoat when going out.（改为同义句） to your raincoat when you . 14. "Don't tell him the news." she said. (改成间接引语) She told me him the news. 15. 他那时恰好从那里路过。 He happened to there at that time. 三、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 There are different outdoor activities for different 1 (season). In spring we can fly kites. In summer, we can go swimming or sailing. In autumn, it is a good idea to hike or camp. In winter, we can go to ski or skate. They bring us great fun. They make us 2 (keep) strong and fit, too. So it is important for people 3 (take) part in some outdoor activities at the right time. There are many group activities like football and basketball. The members work together for 4 same goal. So group activities need team spirit. It is 5 (real) useful for a person to have it. It is good for 6 (we) in life and work. The old like walking and 7 (jog). These activities don’t need much strength. Young people like 8 (excite) activities, like diving, skiing and horse riding. Children like fun activities like flying kites. Some outdoor activities are 9 (danger), like climbing rocks, 10 we must be careful when we take part in them. Passage 2 Sunday, July 2nd Sunny We arrived 1 Sydney this morning. How cool the weather was! There is a big 2 (different) in the weather between Sydney and that in Beijing. It’s winter in Sydney now. Our hotel is not far from the Sydney Opera House, 3 we visited it first. The 4 (build) is really large and we saw quite a few rooms and halls in it. We spent two hours walking around inside it. Then we came to 5 near restaurant for lunch. I didn’t eat 6 (something) special but my dad did. He 7 (try) Australian beef. After that, we decided 8 (visit) the Royal Botanic Gardens (皇家植物园) because one visitor that we met in the restaurant told us there were more than 7,000 kinds of plants in it. We thought it seemed 9 (be) a good place to visit, so we went there. In fact, it was really beautiful and we enjoyed 10 (we) very much. It took us the whole afternoon to visit it. Nobody felt bored there. Everyone was happy and looked forward to (期待) the trip tomorrow. Passage 3 根据短文内容，用括号内所给词的正确时态或形式填空，使短文完整。 I once worked as 1 volunteer at children’s hospital in South Africa. My job was to help make the kids feel happy during their stay. Sounds interesting, right? 2 some people can’t understand why I chose to do it. Let me tell you the reasons why I made this choice. The 3 (one) reason was to help people have a better future. In this big world, so many people need care. Take the children in the hospital where I worked, for example. They often felt lonely facing all the difficulties, 4 (especial) when their parents had other children to care for. So, why not try to help as many people as possible? Moreover, volunteering in Africa has allowed me 5 (feel) different parts of our planet. And I 6 (meet) people from different corners of the world. They had their own ideas, 7 (experience) and dreams. We shared amazing memories and learned 8 each other. It was really 9 (meaning) to be close to them. I hope to help even 10 (many) people in the future! Passage 4 请认真阅读下面短文，根据语篇内容，在空白处填入括号内所给单词的正确形式或时态，使短文通顺。 Popular cartoon heroes like Spider-Man win the hearts of young people all over the world. The pictures 1 them are everywhere, on office desks, schoolbags and computer screens. There are also some much 2 (old) cartoon favourites, for example, the Monkey King. He is the hero of a story 3 (call) Havoc in Heaven. He leads a group of monkeys against the Emperor of Heaven and his men. He is brave, clever and 4 (humour). Parents and children laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven. They always look forward to 5 (see) more Monkey King cartoons. Tintin is another favourite cartoon hero. He 6 (be) popular for over ninety years, ever since the artist Hergé invented him in 1929. Tintin has red hair and a small white dog. He works for a newspaper and has lots of exciting experiences. Fans have bought about 300 million 7 (copy) of Tintin’s stories in more than seventy languages. Tintin appeared in China 8 the 1980s. Many Chinese still collect these black-and-white Tintin books. Finally, Snoopy, a cute dog, 9 (celebrate) his seventieth birthday in 2020. Snoopy lives in his own private world and finds real life hard to understand. Charles Schulz created Snoopy and his friends, and managed 10 (draw) the cartoons to satisfy (使满意) old people as well as children. It is well known in seventy-five countries around the world. Passage 5 适当形式填空 The Special Olympics World Games were successfully held in Shanghai many years ago. They give children and adults with intellectual 1 (disability) a chance to show their skills to the world. Over 40,000 people gave 2 their spare time. It was necessary for these volunteers to receive 3 (train) before doing the tasks. They provided support for the athletes and helped make the event a great success. Li Hai was born 4 intellectual disabilities. It was very brave of him 5 (join) in the competition. To him, the most important thing is not to win a gold or a silver, but to take part. He 6 (try) his best and finished 7 (four). He feels more confident now because 8 the Special Olympics World Games. The Special Olympics World Games also bring people together. Athletes and volunteers from different 9 (background) feel like part of one big family. It’s great for them to work 10 (close) with these special athletes. Passage 6 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空，或根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，使短文通顺、完整。 Last year, my family and I went to visit the Great Wall in Beijing. It was a sunny day. When we 1 (arrive) there, there were already many visitors. The Great Wall looked like a huge dragon lying on 2 mountains. We started climbing from the foot of the mountain. At first, I felt very excited and climbed fast. But after about 30 minutes, I got tired and wanted to give 3 . My father told me, “The Great Wall is a symbol of Chinese 4 (history) culture. Many people from all over the world come to visit it every year. You should keep going.” I took a short rest and then continued climbing. Along the way, we saw many ancient stones and towers with 5 carvings. I also took many 6 (photo) with my family. Finally, we reached the top of the wall. From there, we could see the beautiful scenery below. I felt very 7 (pride) of myself. Visiting the Great Wall was a wonderful experience. I learned a lot about Chinese history and culture. I hope 8 (visit) it again someday. During the trip, I also made a new friend from America. He told me that he 9 (be) interested in Chinese culture for a long time. We talked a lot about the Great Wall and exchanged our 10 (email) addresses. Before leaving, he gave me a small gift, a keychain with the Statue of Liberty on it. Now we often keep in touch with each other. 9 / 9乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $