Unit 8 Literature 状态动词 VS 动作动词（单元核心语法精练）英语北师大版选择性必修第三册

Unit 8 Literature 核心语法精练（状态动词 vs 动作动词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 2 二、判断下列句子中划线动词属于状态动词（S） 还是动作动词（A） 6 三、下列句子存在状态动词 / 动作动词的时态误用，请找出错误并改正 8 四、根据句意和括号内提示，选择动词的正确时态（一般时/进行时） 12 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 14 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 14 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 15 状态动词 vs 动作动词 英语动词按语义可分为状态动词和动作动词，二者在时态使用（尤其是进行时）、语义表达上差异显著，是本单元语法核心。 类别 核心特征 时态使用 常见类型 & 例词 状态动词 表示状态、情感、认知、拥有等，无动作过程，不可持续 一般不用于进行时，仅用一般时（一般现在 / 过去） 1. 情感：like, love, hate 2. 认知：know, think, believe, wonder, realize 3. 拥有：have, own, possess 4. 感官：taste, smell, feel, sound 5. 存在 / 保持：be, remain, exist 动作动词 表示具体的动作、行为，有动作过程，可持续 / 重复 可用于一般时、进行时，进行时表动作正在发生 1.短暂性动作：jump, knock, open, close, buy, sell, borrow 2.延续性动作：keep, stand, sit, walk, run, stay, work, teach 3. 位移和状态变化：go, come, start, leave, arrive, reach, move 关键区分：同一动词可能兼具状态义和动作义，时态使用随语义变化（have 表 “拥有” 是状态动词，表 “吃 / 喝 / 举办” 是动作动词，可用于进行时）。 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1.The actor's ________(perform) in the drama was highly praised by the audience. 【答案】performance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位演员在话剧中的表演受到了观众的高度赞扬。空处作主语，应用名词 performance “表演”，为可数名词，此处特指 “在话剧中的表演”，用单数形式。故填 performance。 2.He has a ________(literature) talent that most young writers don't have. 【答案】literary 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他拥有大多数年轻作家所没有的文学天赋。此处应用形容词 literary 作定语，修饰名词 talent，表示 “文学的”。故填 literary。 3.The ice on the lake is so thick that it can ________(safe) support the weight of a car. 【答案】safely 【详解】考查副词。句意：湖上的冰很厚，足以安全地支撑一辆汽车的重量。空处修饰动词 support，应用副词 safely “安全地”。故填 safely。 4.The ________(violent) of the storm destroyed many houses in the small village. 【答案】violence 【详解】考查名词。句意：暴风雨的猛烈摧毁了这个小村庄的许多房屋。空处作主语，应用名词 violence“猛烈；暴力”，为不可数名词。故填 violence。 5.She ________(forgive) him for his mistakes after he apologized sincerely. 【答案】forgave 【详解】考查时态。句意：在他真诚道歉后，她原谅了他的错误。根据时间状语 after he apologized sincerely 可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，forgive 的过去式为 forgave。故填 forgave。 6.He ________(glance) at the clock and realized he was late for the meeting. 【答案】glanced 【详解】考查时态。句意：他瞥了一眼时钟，意识到开会迟到了。根据 and 后的 realized 可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，glance 的过去式为 glanced。故填 glanced。 7.The ________(freeze) weather made it difficult for people to go out. 【答案】freezing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：严寒的天气让人们难以出门。此处应用形容词 freezing 作定语，修饰名词 weather，表示 “严寒的；冰冻的”。故填 freezing。 8.The old man ________(long) for his hometown every time he sees the sunset. 【答案】longs 【详解】考查时态。句意：这位老人每次看到日落都会思念故乡。根据 every time he sees the sunset 可知，句子用一般现在时，主语 the old man 为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 longs。故填 longs。 9.The ________(poison) apple in the fairy tale made Snow White fall into a deep sleep. 【答案】poisoned 【详解】考查形容词。句意：童话里有毒的苹果让白雪公主陷入了沉睡。此处应用形容词 poisoned 作定语，修饰名词 apple，表示 “有毒的”。故填 poisoned。 10.It is the first time that I ________(read) such a wonderful science fiction novel. 【答案】have read 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我第一次读这么精彩的科幻小说。It is the first time that + 现在完成时为固定句型，意为 “某人第一次做某事”，空处应用现在完成时，主语为 I，助动词用 have，故填 have read。 11.The ________(history) spent years researching the origin of the ancient literary work. 【答案】historian 【详解】考查名词。句意：这位历史学家花了数年时间研究这部古代文学作品的起源。空处作主语，应用名词 historian “历史学家”，结合定冠词 the 可知，指特定的一位历史学家，用单数形式。故填 historian。 12.She ________(wander) around the bookstore for an hour before finding the book she wanted. 【答案】had wandered 【详解】考查时态。句意：她在书店里逛了一个小时才找到她想要的书。“逛书店” 发生在 “找到书” 之前，“找到书” 用一般过去时，故 “逛书店” 应用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，故填 had wandered。 13.The ________(emotion) speech of the writer moved all the listeners to tears. 【答案】emotional 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这位作家充满感情的演讲让所有听众都感动得流下了眼泪。此处应用形容词 emotional 作定语，修饰名词 speech，表示 “情感的；充满感情的”。故填 emotional。 14.He ________(strike) by the beauty of the poem when he first read it. 【答案】was struck 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他第一次读这首诗时就被它的美所打动。主语 he 与 strike 之间为被动关系，根据 when he first read it 可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为 he，be 动词用 was，故填 was struck。 15.They ________(sink) into deep sorrow when they heard the bad news about their favorite writer. 【答案】sank 【详解】考查时态。句意：当听到他们最喜欢的作家的坏消息时，他们陷入了深深的悲痛之中。根据 when they heard the bad news 可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，sink 的过去式为 sank。故填 sank。 16.The little boy ________(grab) his mother's hand tightly when he saw the stranger. 【答案】grabbed 【详解】考查时态。句意：小男孩看到陌生人时，紧紧抓住了妈妈的手。根据 when he saw the stranger 可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，grab 的过去式为 grabbed。故填 grabbed。 17.She has a ________(good) understanding of literary works than her brother. 【答案】better 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：她对文学作品的理解比她哥哥好。根据 than 可知，应用形容词比较级 better “更好的”。故填 better。 18.He ________(utter) a few words and then left the room in silence. 【答案】uttered 【详解】考查时态。句意：他说了几句话，然后默默地离开了房间。根据 and 后的 left 可知，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，utter 的过去式为 uttered。故填 uttered。 19.The children ________(recite) the poem aloud in the classroom when the teacher came in. 【答案】were reciting 【详解】考查时态。句意：老师进来时，孩子们正在教室里大声背诵诗歌。根据 when the teacher came in 可知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，主语 the children 为复数，be 动词用 were。故填 were reciting。 20.The story "The Last Leaf" is one of O. Henry's most ________(fame) short stories. 【答案】famous 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：《最后一片藤叶》是欧・亨利最著名的短篇小说之一。此处修饰名词 short stories，应用形容词 famous。故填 famous。 21.Pneumonia, a cold and unseen stranger, ________(place) his icy finger on Johnsy and made her seriously ill. 【答案】placed 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：肺炎，一个冰冷而不为人知的陌生人，将他冰冷的手指伸向了约翰西，使她重病缠身。此处与 made 并列作谓语，时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填 placed。 22.Sue tried her best to encourage Johnsy to have more ________(hope) thoughts about the future. 【答案】hopeful 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：苏尽力鼓励约翰西对未来抱有更乐观的想法。此处修饰名词 thoughts，应用形容词 hopeful。故填 hopeful。 23.The last leaf on the vine ________(remain) there bravely in the wind and rain for two days. 【答案】remained 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：藤上的最后一片叶子在风雨中勇敢地停留了两天。此处描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填 remained。 24.Johnsy felt ashamed of ________(she) for wanting to die because of the falling leaves. 【答案】herself 【解析】考查反身代词。句意：约翰西为自己因为落叶而想要死去感到羞愧。此处主语与宾语为同一人，应用反身代词 herself。故填 herself。 25.The janitor found Mr Behrman ________(lie) in bed helplessly with pain. 【答案】lying 【解析】考查现在分词。句意：看门人发现贝尔曼先生痛苦地无助地躺在床上。find sb. doing sth. 表示 “发现某人正在做某事”，lie 的现在分词为 lying。故填 lying。 26.The children enjoyed solving the ________(riddle) told by their grandfather. 【答案】riddles 【解析】考查名词复数。句意：孩子们喜欢解开爷爷讲的谜语。riddle 为可数名词，此处表泛指，应用复数形式 riddles。故填 riddles。 27.Behrman's masterpiece ________(paint) on the wall the night when the last leaf fell. 【答案】was painted 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：贝尔曼的杰作是在最后一片叶子落下的那天晚上画在墙上的。主语与 paint 之间为被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 was painted。 28.The daffodils ________(stretch) in never-ending line along the margin of the bay in the past. 【答案】stretched 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：过去水仙花沿着海湾的边缘绵延不绝。此处描述过去的景象，应用一般过去时，故填 stretched。 29.The professor shouted for help ________(desperate) while swimming towards the boat. 【答案】desperately 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：教授一边朝船游去，一边绝望地呼救。此处修饰动词 shouted，应用副词 desperately。故填 desperately。 30.The black back of the creature was smooth and ________(polish), nothing like an animal. 【答案】polished 【解析】考查形容词。句意：这个生物的黑色背部光滑发亮，一点也不像动物。此处与 smooth 并列作表语，应用形容词 polished。故填 polished。 二、判断下列句子中划线动词属于状态动词（S） 还是动作动词（A），并标注语义类别（如：情感 / 认知 / 短暂性动作等） 1.She hates being late for work meetings.（___） 2.The teacher is knocking at the classroom door.（___） 3.We believe that honesty is important in careers.（___） 4.My parents own a small business in the city center.（___） 5.The cake smells delicious. Let's try a piece.（___） 6.They are staying in a hotel during the business trip.（___） 7.He has three years of work experience in marketing.（___） 8.The train arrived at the station five minutes ago.（___） 9.I realize that I forgot to bring the project report.（___） 10.The children are running around the playground happily.（___） 11.This book belongs to the company library.（___） 12.She is teaching a training course on communication skills.（___） 13.The manager thinks we need to adjust the work plan.（___） 14.They bought a new office printer yesterday.（___） 15.The music sounds too loud in the meeting room.（___） 16.He prefers to work independently rather than in a team.（___） 17.The workers are building a new office building downtown.（___） 18.She possesses excellent negotiation skills for business deals.（___） 19.The meeting ended ten minutes earlier than scheduled.（___） 20.The coffee tastes bitter without any sugar.（___） 【答案及解析】 1.S（情感类）：hate 表示 “讨厌”，是情感类状态动词，无动作过程，不可用于进行时。 2.A（短暂性动作）：knock 表示 “敲击”，是短暂性动作动词，此处用现在进行时表动作正在发生。 3.S（认知类）：believe 表示 “相信”，是认知类状态动词，不表示具体动作，常用一般时。 4.S（拥有类）：own 表示 “拥有”，是拥有类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述拥有关系。 5.S（感官类）：smell 表示 “闻起来”，是感官类状态动词，不可用于进行时，描述事物的气味特征。 6.A（延续性动作）：stay 表示 “停留”，是延续性动作动词，用现在进行时表动作持续进行。 7.S（拥有类）：have 表示 “拥有”，是拥有类状态动词，此处描述工作经验的拥有，不可用于进行时。 8.A（短暂性动作）：arrive 表示 “到达”，是短暂性动作动词，用一般过去时表已完成的动作。 9.S（认知类）：realize 表示 “意识到”，是认知类状态动词，用一般现在时表瞬间的认知变化。 10.A（延续性动作）：run 表示 “跑”，是延续性动作动词，用现在进行时表动作正在持续。 11.S（拥有类）：belong 表示 “属于”，是状态动词，无被动语态，不可用于进行时。 12.A（延续性动作）：teach 表示 “教授”，是延续性动作动词，用现在进行时表正在进行的教学动作。 13.S（认知类）：think 表示 “认为”，是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，表观点或看法。 14.A（短暂性动作）：buy 表示 “购买”，是短暂性动作动词，用一般过去时表已完成的动作。 15.S（感官类）：sound 表示 “听起来”，是感官类状态动词，不可用于进行时，描述声音给人的感受。 16.S（情感类）：prefer 表示 “偏爱”，是情感类状态动词，表达主观偏好，无具体动作，不可用于进行时。 17.A（延续性动作）：build 表示 “建造”，是需要持续一段时间的动作动词，用现在进行时表动作正在推进。 18.S（拥有类）：possess 表示 “拥有”，是拥有类状态动词，强调对技能、品质等的持有，不可用于进行时，与 own 语义相近但更正式。 19.A（短暂性动作）：end 表示 “结束”，是瞬间完成的短暂性动作动词，用一般过去时表会议已终止的动作。 20.S（感官类）：taste 表示 “尝起来”，是感官类状态动词，描述食物的固有味道特征，不可用于进行时。 三、下列句子存在状态动词 / 动作动词的时态误用，请找出错误并改正，说明错误原因 1.I am knowing the manager of that company very well. 2.She is having a beautiful office with a big window. 3.They are believing that the new project will succeed. 4.flowers are smelling sweet in the garden. 5.He is owning three cars and a house in the suburbs. 6.We are thinking this plan is not practical for the current situation. 7.My sister is belonging to a professional training organization. 8.The soup is tasting too salty. Can you add some water? 9.They are having a lot of experience in dealing with customer complaints. 10.I am understanding your concerns about the work schedule. 11.He is preferring to work in the morning rather than the afternoon. 12.The old building is existing for more than 100 years. 13.She is realizing that she made a mistake in the work report. 14.This book is seeming interesting, but I haven’t read it yet. 15.They are possessing all the necessary documents for the application. 16.He is buying a new laptop yesterday afternoon. 17.The train is arriving at the station ten minutes ago. 18.They are finishing the project since last Monday. 19.She is borrowing three books from the library for a week. 20.My parents are coming to visit me next month, and they are staying for five days. 21.The company is launching a new product already; many customers have bought it. 22.He is leaving his hometown when he was 18 years old. 23.We are starting the meeting at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. 24.The rain is stopping just now; let’s go out for a walk. 25.She is winning the singing competition last year. 26.They are working on this task for three hours, and they haven’t rested yet. 27.The baby is falling asleep when his mother came back. 28.I am seeing this movie twice; it’s really wonderful. 29.He is selling his old car next week because he wants to buy a new one. 30.The teacher is explaining the grammar point for 20 minutes, but some students still don’t understand. 【答案及解析】 1.错误：am knowing → 改正：know 原因：know 是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表 “认识” 的状态。 2.错误：is having → 改正：has 原因：have 此处表示 “拥有”，是状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述拥有关系。 3.错误：are believing → 改正：believe 原因：believe 是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表 “相信” 的观点。 4.错误：are smelling → 改正：smell 原因：smell 是感官类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述花朵的气味。 5.错误：is owning → 改正：owns 原因：own 是拥有类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表长期拥有的财产。 6.错误：are thinking → 改正：think 原因：think 此处表示 “认为”，是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表观点。 7.错误：is belonging → 改正：belongs 原因：belong 是状态动词，无被动语态，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表 “属于” 的关系。 8.错误：is tasting → 改正：tastes 原因：taste 是感官类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述汤的味道。 9.错误：are having → 改正：have 原因：have 此处表示 “拥有”，是状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表 “拥有经验”。 10.错误：am understanding → 改正：understand 原因：understand 是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表 “理解” 的状态。 11.错误：is preferring → 改正：prefers 原因：prefer 是情感类状态动词，表 “更喜欢” 的主观偏好，无动作过程，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表习惯性偏好。 12.错误：is existing → 改正：has existed 原因：exist 是存在类状态动词，不可用于进行时；根据 “for more than 100 years” 可知，此处需用现在完成时表动作从过去持续到现在，强调存在的时长。 13.错误：is realizing → 改正：realizes 原因：realize 是认知类状态动词，表 “意识到” 的瞬间认知变化，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表当前的认知觉醒。 14.错误：is seeming → 改正：seems 原因：seem 是状态动词，表 “看起来” 的客观印象，无动作属性，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述事物给人的直观感受。 15.错误：are possessing → 改正：possess 原因：possess 是拥有类状态动词，表 “持有、拥有”，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表对文件的持有状态。 16.错误：is buying → 改正：bought 原因：buy 是短暂性动作动词，“yesterday afternoon” 表示过去时间，需用一般过去时表已完成的动作，不可用现在进行时。 17.错误：is arriving → 改正：arrived 原因：arrive 是短暂性动作动词，“ten minutes ago” 是过去时间状语，需用一般过去时，现在进行时无法搭配过去时间。 18.错误：are finishing → 改正：have been finishing /have finished 原因：finish 虽为短暂性动作，但 “since last Monday” 表示动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时（表完成）或现在完成进行时（表持续），不可用现在进行时。 19.错误：is borrowing → 改正：has kept 原因：borrow 是短暂性动作动词，不能与 “for a week” 这样的持续时间状语搭配，需替换为延续性动词 keep，并用现在完成时表持续的状态。 20.错误：are coming → 改正：will come /are going to come 原因：come 是位移类动作动词，“next month” 表示将来时间，现在进行时表将来需满足 “计划中的动作” 且主语为 “人” 时常用，但此处更强调 “计划”，用 will come 或 are going to come 更自然；“are staying” 正确（延续性动作表将来持续）。 21.错误：is launching → 改正：has launched 原因：launch 是短暂性动作动词，“already” 是现在完成时的标志词，表动作已完成且对现在有影响，不可用现在进行时。 22.错误：is leaving → 改正：left 原因：leave 是短暂性动作动词，“when he was 18 years old” 表示过去时间点，需用一般过去时，现在进行时不搭配过去时间状语。 23.错误：are starting → 改正：will start /are going to start 原因：start 是短暂性动作动词，“tomorrow morning” 表示将来时间，现在进行时表将来需用于 “计划好的近期动作”（如行程、安排），此处单纯表示 “明天九点开始会议”，用 will start 或 are going to start 更合适。 24.错误：is stopping → 改正：has stopped 原因：stop 是短暂性动作动词，“just now” 可搭配一般过去时或现在完成时，表 “刚刚停止” 且对现在有影响（可以出去），用 has stopped 更贴合语境；现在进行时表 “正在停止” 与 “just now” 矛盾。 25.错误：is winning → 改正：won 原因：win 是短暂性动作动词，“last year” 是过去时间状语，需用一般过去时表过去发生的动作，不可用现在进行时。 26.错误：are working → 改正：have been working 原因：work 是延续性动作动词，“for three hours” 表示动作持续时长，且强调 “一直在做还没休息”，需用现在完成进行时；现在进行时仅表 “当前正在做”，无法体现持续时长。 27.错误：is falling → 改正：was falling 原因：fall 是短暂性动作动词，“when his mother came back” 表示过去时间点，主句需用过去进行时表 “过去某个瞬间正在发生的动作”，与从句的一般过去时搭配，现在进行时时态不符。 28.错误：am seeing → 改正：have seen 原因：see 此处表示 “观看（电影）”，是动作动词，“twice” 表示动作发生的次数，需用现在完成时表 “到目前为止看了两次”，现在进行时无法搭配次数状语。 29.错误：is selling → 改正：will sell /is going to sell 原因：sell 是动作动词，“next week” 表示将来时间，现在进行时表将来需用于 “已计划好的交易”，此处单纯表示 “打算下周卖车”，用 will sell 或 is going to sell 更自然，且更突出主观意图。 30.错误：is explaining → 改正：has been explaining 原因：explain 是延续性动作动词，“for 20 minutes” 表示动作持续时长，且强调 “一直解释但部分学生仍不懂” 的结果，需用现在完成进行时；现在进行时仅表 “当前正在解释”，无法体现持续时长对现在的影响。 四、根据句意和括号内提示，选择动词的正确时态（一般时 / 进行时） 1.My brother ______ (like / is liking) working in a creative team. 2.Look! The secretary ______ (types / is typing) an important document. 3.This job offer ______ (seems / is seeming) very attractive to young graduates. 4.They ______ (have / are having) a company dinner to celebrate the project success tonight. 5.She ______ (doesn't know / isn't knowing) the answer to the interview question. 6.The sales team ______ (prepares / is preparing) for the new product launch this week. 7.The office ______ (has / is having) five meeting rooms for team discussions. 8.He ______ (comes / is coming) to the career fair tomorrow morning. 9.The boss ______ (owns / is owning) two branches in different cities. 10.We ______ (are staying / stay) at the office late to finish the report today. 11.This coffee ______ (tastes / is tasting) too bitter. I need some sugar. 12.The candidate ______ (arrives / is arriving) at the company in 10 minutes. 13.I ______ (believe / am believing) that she will get the promotion. 14.They ______ (sell / are selling) their old office equipment next month. 15.The team ______ (works / is working) on a new marketing plan these days. 16.My grandparents ______ (live / are living) in the countryside all their lives. 17.The new policy ______ (exists / is existing) to protect employees' rights. 18.Look! The construction workers ______ (build / are building) a bridge across the river. 19.She ______ (departs / is departing) for the business trip this evening; her flight is at 7 PM. 20.This old clock ______ (works / is working) perfectly even after 50 years. 【答案及解析】 1.likes：like 是情感类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表习惯性喜好。 2.is typing：type 是动作动词，根据 “Look!” 可知动作正在发生，用现在进行时。 3.seems：seem 是状态动词，表示 “看起来”，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述事物给人的印象。 4.are having：have 此处表示 “举办”，是动作动词，用现在进行时表计划中的将来动作（今晚的晚宴）。 5.doesn't know：know 是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，否定形式借助助动词 does + not。 6.is preparing：prepare 是动作动词，根据 “this week” 可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时。 7.has：have 此处表示 “拥有”，是状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述客观拥有情况。 8.is coming：come 是位移类动作动词，用现在进行时表计划中的将来动作（明天的到来）。 9.owns：own 是拥有类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述长期拥有关系。 10.are staying：stay 是延续性动作动词，根据 “today” 和 “late to finish the report” 可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时。 11.tastes：taste 是感官类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述咖啡的味道。 12.is arriving：arrive 是位移类动作动词，用现在进行时表即将发生的动作（10 分钟后到达）。 13.believe：believe 是认知类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表观点。 14.are selling：sell 是动作动词，根据 “next month” 可知是计划中的将来动作，用现在进行时表将来。 15.is working：work 是延续性动作动词，根据 “these days” 可知动作正在进行，用现在进行时。 16.live：live 此处表示 “长期居住”，是延续性动作动词，但结合 “all their lives” 可知是终身习惯性状态，用一般现在时表长期稳定的生活状态，而非当前正在进行的动作。 17.exists：exist 是存在类状态动词，不可用于进行时，用一般现在时描述政策 “存在” 的客观事实，强调状态的持续性。 18.are building：build 是延续性动作动词，根据 “Look!” 这一现场提示词，可知动作正在发生，用现在进行时表当前持续的施工动作。 19.is departing：depart 是位移类动作动词，“this evening” 表示将来时间，且后句补充 “航班在 7 点”，说明是已计划好的行程，用现在进行时表将来，符合 “位移动词用进行时表计划中将来动作” 的规则。 20.works：work 此处表示 “（机器）运转”，是状态动词（描述事物的功能状态），不可用于进行时，用一般现在时表时钟 “运转正常” 的固有属性，强调长期稳定的功能状态。 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Sue and Johnsy are good friends and they live in a studio in Greenwich Village. One November, Pneumonia 1.______ (come) and Johnsy 2.______ (fall) ill. She 3.______ (stare) at the ivy vine outside the window and 4.______ (believe) that she 5.______ (die) when the last leaf fell. Sue 6.______ (not agree) with her and went to ask Mr Behrman for help. Mr Behrman was a failed painter, but he 7.______ (have) a kind heart. He painted the last leaf on the wall on a cold night, and he caught pneumonia. The next morning, Johnsy saw the leaf and 8.______ (realize) her mistake. She 9.______ (decide) to live, but Mr Behrman 10.______ (pass) away. That leaf is his masterpiece. 【答案】 1.came 2.fell 3.stared 4.believed 5.would die 6.didn't agree 7.had 8.realized 9.decided 10.passed 2. Extended reading In today’s globalized world, cross-cultural 1.______ (communicate) has become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether we are talking to foreign friends online, working with international colleagues, or traveling abroad, understanding cultural 2.______ (difference) can help us avoid misunderstandings and build better relationships. One of the most obvious cultural differences lies in 3.______ (greet) customs. In Western countries, people usually shake hands firmly when they meet for 4.______ first time, while in some Asian countries, bowing or nodding is more common. It’s important to note that the degree of bowing often depends 5.______ the seniority of the person you are talking to—showing respect to elders and those in higher positions is valued in many cultures. Another key aspect is body language. For example, making eye contact is considered polite and honest in most Western cultures, but in some Middle Eastern and Asian countries, prolonged eye contact may be seen as rude or aggressive. 6.______ (similar), gestures like thumbs-up, which mean “well done” in many parts of the world, can be offensive in certain countries such as Iran or Iraq. Language itself also 7.______ (play) a crucial role. Even if two people speak the same language, there may be idioms or expressions that cause confusion. For instance, the English phrase “break a leg” is used to wish someone good luck, but a non-native speaker might take it as a negative meaning. Moreover, the tone of voice and speed of speaking can convey different messages—some cultures prefer direct communication, 8.______ others value indirectness to avoid hurting others’ feelings. To improve cross-cultural communication skills, we should keep an open mind and be willing to learn, listen carefully to others, ask questions when in doubt, and avoid 9.______ (judge) behaviors based on our own cultural standards. By doing so, we not only show respect for other cultures 10.______ also enrich our own life experiences. After all, cultural diversity is what makes the world such a fascinating place to live in. 【答案】 1.communication 2.differences 3.greeting 4.the 5.on 6.Similarly 7.plays 8.while 9.judging 10.but 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A​ 2024 年新高考 II 卷语法填空（真题） Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, 56______ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. "Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58______ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59______ Romeo and Juliet." A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 61______ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 62______(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63______(find) the connection between the two great writers. 64______(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65______ see how Tang's play was being performed." 【答案】56. who 57. themes 58. were 59. to 60. inspired 61. was built 62. visibility 63. to find 64. Recalling 65. and 【导语】本文讲述了中国明代戏剧家汤显祖的文化元素出现在英国莎士比亚故乡的故事。为纪念这两位同时代的文学巨匠，莎士比亚故乡先后建立了纪念雕像和受《牡丹亭》启发的亭子。 56.考察定语从句关系词。句意：被称为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖的纪念元素，为威廉·莎士比亚的故乡埃文河畔斯特拉特福增添了国际色彩。先行词为Tang Xianzu，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。 57.考察名词复数。句意：莎士比亚出生地基金会研究主管保罗·埃德蒙森说，尽管他们从未谋面，但他们的作品中存在共同的主题。空前有are common，表明主语应为复数概念，且theme为可数名词，故填themes。 58.考察主谓一致及动词时态。句意：汤显祖所写的一些东西也正是莎士比亚所关注的。主语为“Some of the things...”，中心词things为复数，且整篇文章叙述过去事实，应用一般过去时，故谓语动词用were。 59.考察介词搭配。句意：我碰巧得知，汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。be similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”，故填to。 60.考察非谓语动词（过去分词作定语）。句意：两年后，一座受《牡丹亭》启发的六米高亭子在弗斯花园落成，距离莎士比亚出生地仅十分钟步行路程。pavilion与inspire之间为被动关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词inspired作后置定语。 61.考察动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：两年后，一座受《牡丹亭》启发的六米高亭子在弗斯花园落成，距离莎士比亚出生地仅十分钟步行路程。主语a six-meter-tall pavilion与build为被动关系，且根据时间状语Two years later可知用一般过去时，故填was built。 62.考察名词形式。句意：埃德蒙森说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福的国际知名度。形容词international后应接名词，visible的名词形式为visibility，意为“可见性；知名度”，不可数。 63.考察非谓语动词（不定式作原因状语）。句意：他补充说，游客们走过出生地花园时，常常惊奇地发现这两位伟大作家之间的联系。be amazed to do sth.为固定结构，表示“因做某事而感到惊讶”，不定式在此处说明感到惊讶的原因。 64.考察非谓语动词（现在分词作状语）。句意：回忆起在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国京剧版本，以及几年前遇到来斯特拉特福表演《牡丹亭》片段的中国演员，埃德蒙森说……逻辑主语Edmondson与recall之间为主动关系，且该动作与谓语动词said同时或先于其发生，故用现在分词Recalling作时间状语。 65.考察并列连词。句意：听到中文并看到汤显祖的戏剧如何被演绎，真是令人兴奋。hear和see为并列的两个动作，由and连接，构成hear...and see...的结构。 B 2023 年全国甲卷语法填空（真题） For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone. ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment. The themes of taditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. 【答案】41. to teach 42. sixth 43. as 44. where 45. borrowing 46. intended 47. Different 48. for 49. warning 50. be employed 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了寓言这一古老文学形式的历史渊源及其在现代社会的价值。文章以雷切尔·卡森的《明日寓言》为例，分析了卡森如何借用传统寓言的简洁风格，却赋予其不同的内涵。 41.考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 42.考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。 43.考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。 44.考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限定性定语从句作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 45.考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 46.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。 47.考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。 48.考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。 49.考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 50.考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。 C Poetry, 1.______ universal form of literature, plays an important role in ancient China. Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music thousands 2.______ years ago. In that era, there were no TVs or films, and writing had not been invented. As a result, people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3.______ (entertain) themselves. The earliest collection of Chinese poetry is the Book of Songs, 4.______ dates back to the 11th to 7th centuries B.C. It includes 305 poems divided into three parts: folk songs, court poems, and sacrificial songs. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) is widely regarded 5.______ the golden age of Chinese poetry. During this period, many famous poets emerged, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. Their works 6.______ (characterize) by vivid imagery, profound emotions, and perfect rhythm. The use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 7.______ (active) continued up to the year of 1919, 8.______ the May Fourth Movement took place. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 9.______ (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10.______ poetry worldwide. 【答案】 1.a 2. of 3. to entertain 4. which 5. as 6. are characterized 7. actively 8. when 9. its 10. on 【导语】本文介绍了诗歌作为一种普遍文学形式的历史渊源及其在中国古代的重要地位。文章追溯了诗歌起源于民间音乐的早期历史，文章最后提到，中国古诗对世界诗歌产生了深远影响。 1.考查冠词（不定冠词表泛指）。句意：诗歌，作为一种普遍的文学形式，在古代中国扮演着重要角色。泛指“一种普遍的文学形式”，且universal以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。 2. 考查介词（固定搭配）。句意：诗歌可能起源于数千年前的传统民间音乐。thousands of为固定搭配，意为“数千的”，表示概数。 3.考查非谓语动词（不定式作目的状语）。句意：因此，人们晚上会围坐在火堆旁唱歌来娱乐自己。此处表示唱歌的目的，应用不定式to entertain作目的状语。 4.考查定语从句关系词。句意：中国最早的诗歌总集是《诗经》，它可以追溯到公元前11至7世纪。先行词为the Book of Songs（书/作品），在非限制性定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。 5.考查介词（固定搭配）。句意：唐朝（618-907）被广泛认为是中国诗歌的黄金时代。be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被认为是……”。 6.考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：他们的作品以生动的意象、深刻的情感和完美的韵律为特点。主语Their works与characterize之间为被动关系，be characterized by为固定搭配，意为“以……为特征”；描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语works为复数，故填are characterized。 7.考查副词（修饰动词）。句意：中国古诗的使用和发展一直持续到1919年五四运动爆发。修饰动词continued，应用副词actively作状语。 8.考查定语从句关系副词。句意：同上。先行词为the year of 1919，在定语从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导。 9.考查代词（形容词性物主代词）。句意：中国古诗的另一个关键方面是它与其他中国艺术形式（如中国画和中国书法）的紧密联系。修饰名词interrelationship，应用形容词性物主代词its，意为“它的”。 10.考查介词（固定搭配）。句意：中国古诗已被证明对世界范围内的诗歌产生了强烈影响。influence on为固定搭配，意为“对……的影响”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 Literature 核心语法精练（状态动词 vs 动作动词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 2 二、判断下列句子中划线动词属于状态动词（S） 还是动作动词（A） 3 三、下列句子存在状态动词 / 动作动词的时态误用，请找出错误并改正 4 四、根据句意和括号内提示，选择动词的正确时态（一般时/进行时） 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 6 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 6 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 7 状态动词 vs 动作动词 英语动词按语义可分为状态动词和动作动词，二者在时态使用（尤其是进行时）、语义表达上差异显著，是本单元语法核心。 类别 核心特征 时态使用 常见类型 & 例词 状态动词 表示状态、情感、认知、拥有等，无动作过程，不可持续 一般不用于进行时，仅用一般时（一般现在 / 过去） 1. 情感：like, love, hate 2. 认知：know, think, believe, wonder, realize 3. 拥有：have, own, possess 4. 感官：taste, smell, feel, sound 5. 存在 / 保持：be, remain, exist 动作动词 表示具体的动作、行为，有动作过程，可持续 / 重复 可用于一般时、进行时，进行时表动作正在发生 1.短暂性动作：jump, knock, open, close, buy, sell, borrow 2.延续性动作：keep, stand, sit, walk, run, stay, work, teach 3. 位移和状态变化：go, come, start, leave, arrive, reach, move 关键区分：同一动词可能兼具状态义和动作义，时态使用随语义变化（have 表 “拥有” 是状态动词，表 “吃 / 喝 / 举办” 是动作动词，可用于进行时）。 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1.The actor's ________(perform) in the drama was highly praised by the audience. 2.He has a ________(literature) talent that most young writers don't have. 3.The ice on the lake is so thick that it can ________(safe) support the weight of a car. 4.The ________(violent) of the storm destroyed many houses in the small village. 5.She ________(forgive) him for his mistakes after he apologized sincerely. 6.He ________(glance) at the clock and realized he was late for the meeting. 7.The ________(freeze) weather made it difficult for people to go out. 8.The old man ________(long) for his hometown every time he sees the sunset. 9.The ________(poison) apple in the fairy tale made Snow White fall into a deep sleep. 10.It is the first time that I ________(read) such a wonderful science fiction novel. 11.The ________(history) spent years researching the origin of the ancient literary work. 12.She ________(wander) around the bookstore for an hour before finding the book she wanted. 13.The ________(emotion) speech of the writer moved all the listeners to tears. 14.He ________(strike) by the beauty of the poem when he first read it. 15.They ________(sink) into deep sorrow when they heard the bad news about their favorite writer. 16.The little boy ________(grab) his mother's hand tightly when he saw the stranger. 17.She has a ________(good) understanding of literary works than her brother. 18.He ________(utter) a few words and then left the room in silence. 19.The children ________(recite) the poem aloud in the classroom when the teacher came in. 20.The story "The Last Leaf" is one of O. Henry's most ________(fame) short stories. 21.Pneumonia, a cold and unseen stranger, ________(place) his icy finger on Johnsy and made her seriously ill. 22.Sue tried her best to encourage Johnsy to have more ________(hope) thoughts about the future. 23.The last leaf on the vine ________(remain) there bravely in the wind and rain for two days. 24.Johnsy felt ashamed of ________(she) for wanting to die because of the falling leaves. 25.The janitor found Mr Behrman ________(lie) in bed helplessly with pain. 26.The children enjoyed solving the ________(riddle) told by their grandfather. 27.Behrman's masterpiece ________(paint) on the wall the night when the last leaf fell. 28.The daffodils ________(stretch) in never-ending line along the margin of the bay in the past. 29.The professor shouted for help ________(desperate) while swimming towards the boat. 30.The black back of the creature was smooth and ________(polish), nothing like an animal. 二、判断下列句子中划线动词属于状态动词（S） 还是动作动词（A），并标注语义类别（如：情感 / 认知 / 短暂性动作等） 1.She hates being late for work meetings.（___） 2.The teacher is knocking at the classroom door.（___） 3.We believe that honesty is important in careers.（___） 4.My parents own a small business in the city center.（___） 5.The cake smells delicious. Let's try a piece.（___） 6.They are staying in a hotel during the business trip.（___） 7.He has three years of work experience in marketing.（___） 8.The train arrived at the station five minutes ago.（___） 9.I realize that I forgot to bring the project report.（___） 10.The children are running around the playground happily.（___） 11.This book belongs to the company library.（___） 12.She is teaching a training course on communication skills.（___） 13.The manager thinks we need to adjust the work plan.（___） 14.They bought a new office printer yesterday.（___） 15.The music sounds too loud in the meeting room.（___） 16.He prefers to work independently rather than in a team.（___） 17.The workers are building a new office building downtown.（___） 18.She possesses excellent negotiation skills for business deals.（___） 19.The meeting ended ten minutes earlier than scheduled.（___） 20.The coffee tastes bitter without any sugar.（___） 三、下列句子存在状态动词 / 动作动词的时态误用，请找出错误并改正，说明错误原因 1.I am knowing the manager of that company very well. 2.She is having a beautiful office with a big window. 3.They are believing that the new project will succeed. 4.flowers are smelling sweet in the garden. 5.He is owning three cars and a house in the suburbs. 6.We are thinking this plan is not practical for the current situation. 7.My sister is belonging to a professional training organization. 8.The soup is tasting too salty. Can you add some water? 9.They are having a lot of experience in dealing with customer complaints. 10.I am understanding your concerns about the work schedule. 11.He is preferring to work in the morning rather than the afternoon. 12.The old building is existing for more than 100 years. 13.She is realizing that she made a mistake in the work report. 14.This book is seeming interesting, but I haven’t read it yet. 15.They are possessing all the necessary documents for the application. 16.He is buying a new laptop yesterday afternoon. 17.The train is arriving at the station ten minutes ago. 18.They are finishing the project since last Monday. 19.She is borrowing three books from the library for a week. 20.My parents are coming to visit me next month, and they are staying for five days. 21.The company is launching a new product already; many customers have bought it. 22.He is leaving his hometown when he was 18 years old. 23.We are starting the meeting at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning. 24.The rain is stopping just now; let’s go out for a walk. 25.She is winning the singing competition last year. 26.They are working on this task for three hours, and they haven’t rested yet. 27.The baby is falling asleep when his mother came back. 28.I am seeing this movie twice; it’s really wonderful. 29.He is selling his old car next week because he wants to buy a new one. 30.The teacher is explaining the grammar point for 20 minutes, but some students still don’t understand. 四、根据句意和括号内提示，选择动词的正确时态（一般时 / 进行时） 1.My brother ______ (like / is liking) working in a creative team. 2.Look! The secretary ______ (types / is typing) an important document. 3.This job offer ______ (seems / is seeming) very attractive to young graduates. 4.They ______ (have / are having) a company dinner to celebrate the project success tonight. 5.She ______ (doesn't know / isn't knowing) the answer to the interview question. 6.The sales team ______ (prepares / is preparing) for the new product launch this week. 7.The office ______ (has / is having) five meeting rooms for team discussions. 8.He ______ (comes / is coming) to the career fair tomorrow morning. 9.The boss ______ (owns / is owning) two branches in different cities. 10.We ______ (are staying / stay) at the office late to finish the report today. 11.This coffee ______ (tastes / is tasting) too bitter. I need some sugar. 12.The candidate ______ (arrives / is arriving) at the company in 10 minutes. 13.I ______ (believe / am believing) that she will get the promotion. 14.They ______ (sell / are selling) their old office equipment next month. 15.The team ______ (works / is working) on a new marketing plan these days. 16.My grandparents ______ (live / are living) in the countryside all their lives. 17.The new policy ______ (exists / is existing) to protect employees' rights. 18.Look! The construction workers ______ (build / are building) a bridge across the river. 19.She ______ (departs / is departing) for the business trip this evening; her flight is at 7 PM. 20.This old clock ______ (works / is working) perfectly even after 50 years. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. Reading Sue and Johnsy are good friends and they live in a studio in Greenwich Village. One November, Pneumonia 1.______ (come) and Johnsy 2.______ (fall) ill. She 3.______ (stare) at the ivy vine outside the window and 4.______ (believe) that she 5.______ (die) when the last leaf fell. Sue 6.______ (not agree) with her and went to ask Mr Behrman for help. Mr Behrman was a failed painter, but he 7.______ (have) a kind heart. He painted the last leaf on the wall on a cold night, and he caught pneumonia. The next morning, Johnsy saw the leaf and 8.______ (realize) her mistake. She 9.______ (decide) to live, but Mr Behrman 10.______ (pass) away. That leaf is his masterpiece. 2. Extended reading In today’s globalized world, cross-cultural 1.______ (communicate) has become an essential part of our daily lives. Whether we are talking to foreign friends online, working with international colleagues, or traveling abroad, understanding cultural 2.______ (difference) can help us avoid misunderstandings and build better relationships. One of the most obvious cultural differences lies in 3.______ (greet) customs. In Western countries, people usually shake hands firmly when they meet for 4.______ first time, while in some Asian countries, bowing or nodding is more common. It’s important to note that the degree of bowing often depends 5.______ the seniority of the person you are talking to—showing respect to elders and those in higher positions is valued in many cultures. Another key aspect is body language. For example, making eye contact is considered polite and honest in most Western cultures, but in some Middle Eastern and Asian countries, prolonged eye contact may be seen as rude or aggressive. 6.______ (similar), gestures like thumbs-up, which mean “well done” in many parts of the world, can be offensive in certain countries such as Iran or Iraq. Language itself also 7.______ (play) a crucial role. Even if two people speak the same language, there may be idioms or expressions that cause confusion. For instance, the English phrase “break a leg” is used to wish someone good luck, but a non-native speaker might take it as a negative meaning. Moreover, the tone of voice and speed of speaking can convey different messages—some cultures prefer direct communication, 8.______ others value indirectness to avoid hurting others’ feelings. To improve cross-cultural communication skills, we should keep an open mind and be willing to learn, listen carefully to others, ask questions when in doubt, and avoid 9.______ (judge) behaviors based on our own cultural standards. By doing so, we not only show respect for other cultures 10.______ also enrich our own life experiences. After all, cultural diversity is what makes the world such a fascinating place to live in. 题型二 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A​ 2024 年新高考 II 卷语法填空（真题） Chinese cultural elements commemorating（纪念）Tang Xianzu, 56______ is known as "the Shakespeare of Asia," add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 57______ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. "Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58______ (be) also Shakespeare's concerns. I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59______ Romeo and Juliet." A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 60______ (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, 61______ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international 62______(visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63______(find) the connection between the two great writers. 64______(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, "It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65______ see how Tang's play was being performed." B 2023 年全国甲卷语法填空（真题） For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) ___41___ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___42___ (six) century, B. C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ___43___ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America, ___44___ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, ___45___ (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___46___ (intend) for everyone. ___47___ (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ___48___ saving their environment. The themes of taditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a more weighty ___49___ (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still ____50____ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths. C Poetry, 1.______ universal form of literature, plays an important role in ancient China. Poetry probably had its origins in traditional folk music thousands 2.______ years ago. In that era, there were no TVs or films, and writing had not been invented. As a result, people would sit around the fire at night and sing songs 3.______ (entertain) themselves. The earliest collection of Chinese poetry is the Book of Songs, 4.______ dates back to the 11th to 7th centuries B.C. It includes 305 poems divided into three parts: folk songs, court poems, and sacrificial songs. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) is widely regarded 5.______ the golden age of Chinese poetry. During this period, many famous poets emerged, such as Li Bai, Du Fu, and Wang Wei. Their works 6.______ (characterize) by vivid imagery, profound emotions, and perfect rhythm. The use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 7.______ (active) continued up to the year of 1919, 8.______ the May Fourth Movement took place. Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 9.______ (it) intense interrelationship with other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy. Classical Chinese poetry has proven to be of strong influence 10.______ poetry worldwide. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $