Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇真题精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 单元专练 【Unit4】Scientists who changed the world 单元词汇积累与运用 本讲核心词汇 conduct/kan'dk/vt.&vi.组by accident偶然，意外地 metal/metl/n.金属 织，实施：指挥；引导；举止intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.有才charge∫a:d3/vt.&vi.充电：收 illustrate/lastrert/t.说明，解智的，聪明的：有智力的 费：控告；谴责；使承担责任： 释：加图于 favour/feva①)/(AmE favor)t,使充满：n.收费：控告：谴责； *penicillin/,penr'sln/n.青霉较喜欢；偏祖：有助于；n.帮掌管 素，盘尼西林 助，好事；赞同：偏祖 electric/'lektrik/adj.电的，发 *mould /mauld/(AmE mold)n.politician/,ppl'tn/n.政治家，电的，电动的 霉菌：模具：类型：t.浇铸，塑从政者：投机钻营者 *bang /baer/n.突然的巨响；猛 造 *lightning/'latn/n.闪电 敲，猛击：i.&t.砸；砰地关 *bacteria /baek'tari/n.(sing.electricity/,lek'trsti/n.电，电上；猛撞；碰撞 bacterium)细菌 能 with a bang很成功：引人注目， surround/s3'raUd/t.围绕，环theory/0 ri/n.学说，论；原有强烈影响 绕：包围：与.紧密相关 理：看法，意见 standout /'staendaot/adj. 突出 indicate/'ndikert/t.表明：暗thunderstorm/'θndasto:m/n.的：n.突出的人（或物 示：提及：指出 雷雨，雷暴 *atomic/月'tomik/adj..原子能的： accident/'eksidant/n.意外，偶*ribbon/'rIban/n.带子，丝带；原子的 然的事：事故，意外遭遇 带状物 直击真题高效讲 真题解析 1.真题1 -The teacher asked us to_a survey about students'reading habits last week. A.conduct B.illustrate C.surround 答案：A 核心词汇：conduct /kan'dkt/t.&vi.组织，实施：指挥：引导：举止 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 核心知识点： 词性：及物动词/不及物动词。 搭配：conduct a survey(实施调查)：conduct an experiment(做实验)。 2.真题2 The chart in the book helps tothe main idea of the passage clearly. A.indicate B.illustrate C.charge 答案：B 核心词汇：illustrate'lastrert/vt.说明，解释；加图于 核心知识点： 词性：及物动词。 搭配：illustrate sth.(解释某事)：illustrate with pictures(用图片说明)。 3.真题3 Many diseases are caused by harmful,so we should wash hands often. A.bacteria B.mould C.metal 答案：A 核心词汇：bacteria/baek'trari/n.(sing.bacterium)细菌 核心知识点： 词性：名词，复数形式（单数为bacterium)。 搭配：harmful bacteria(有害细菌)：fight bacteria(对抗细菌)。 4.真题4 The tall trees the small house,making it look very peaceful. A.surround B.indicate C.charge 答案：A 核心词汇：surround/se'raund/t.围绕，环绕；包围；与.紧密相关 核心知识点： 词性：及物动词。 搭配：surround sth./sb.(包围某物/某人)：be surrounded by(被..环绕)。 5.真题5 The red traffic light that we must stop driving immediately. A.indicates 2 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 B.illustrates C.charges 答案：A 核心词汇：indicate /'Indikert/t.表明；暗示；提及：指出 核心知识点： 词性：及物动词。 搭配：indicate sth.(表明某事)：indicate a direction(指示方向)。 6.真题6 Edison invented the light bulb,but it changed the world greatly. A.by accident B.with a bang C.in charge 答案：A 核心词汇：accident/eksidant/n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 核心知识点： 词性：名词。 固定搭配：by accident(偶然，意外地)：traffic accident(交通事故)。 7.真题7 -Who is thestudent in your class? -Lily,because she always gets the highest scores. A.intelligent B.standout C.atomic 答案：B 核心词汇：standout/staendaot/adj.突出的；n.突出的人（或物 核心知识点： 词性：形容词/名词。 搭配：a standout student(优秀学生)：a standout performance(出色表现)。 8.真题8 It is dangerous to go outside during abecause of lightning and heavy rain A.thunderstorm B.theory C.ribbon 答案：A 核心词汇：thunderstorm/'0 ndasto:m/n.雷雨，雷暴 核心知识点： 词性：可数名词，由thunder(雷)+stom(暴风雨)构成。 3 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 搭配：during a thunderstorm(雷暴期间)：severe thunderstorm(强雷暴)。 9.真题9 We need to the phone before using it,or it will run out of power soon. A.charge B.metal C.favour 答案：A 核心词汇：charge/ta:d3/t.&vi.充电：收费；控告；谴责：使.承担责任：使充满；n.收 费：控告：谴责：掌管 核心知识点： 词性：动词/名词。 搭配：charge a phone(给手机充电)：charge money(收费)。 10.真题10 My father bought an_car last month,and it is much cheaper to drive than a petrol car. A.electric B.atomic C.metal 答案：A 核心词汇：electric /I'lektrik/adj.电的，发电的，电动的 核心知识点： 词性：形容词。 搭配：electric car(电动汽车)electric appliances(电器)。 11.真题11 The New Year party endedwith a beautiful fireworks show. A.with a bang B.by accident C.in theory 答案：A 核心词汇：bang/baer/n.突然的巨响：猛敲，猛击：vi.&t.砸：砰地关上：猛撞：碰撞 核心知识点： 词性：名词/动词。 固定搭配：with a bang(很成功：引人注目，有强烈影响)：a loud bang(一声巨响)。 12.真题12 -What_of music do you like best? -I prefer pop music because it is energetic. A.theory 4 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 B.mould C.type 答案：B 核心词汇：mould /mauld/(AmE mold)n.霉菌：模具；类型；t.浇铸，塑造 核心知识点： 词性：名词/动词。 搭配：a new mould of phone(新款手机)；mould clay(塑造黏土)。 13.真题13 Thomas Edison developed his_of electricity through many experiments. A.theory B.charge C.accident 答案：A 核心词汇：theory /'Orari/n.学说，论：原理；看法，意见 核心知识点： 词性：名词。 搭配：scientific theory(科学理论)：in theory(理论上)。 14.真题14 The_wire is used to connect the machine to the power supply. A.metal B.ribbon C.bacteria 答案：A 核心词汇：netal/'metl/n.金属 核心知识点： 词性：名词。 搭配：metal wire(金属线)：heavy metal(重金属)。 真题精准训练 实战演练 一、 单项选择 1.The research team plans to_a series of experiments to test the new theory. A.conduct B.illustrate 5 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 C.surround 2.The diagram in the report helps to_the relationship between temperature and pressure. A.indicate B.illustrate C.charge 3.To avoid getting sick,we should keep our hands clean to kill harmful_ A.bacteria B.mould C.metal 4.The small village isby mountains,creating a beautiful natural landscape. A.surround B.indicated C.charged 5.The sign at the entrancethat smoking is not allowed in the building A.indicates B.illustrates C.charges 6.My brother found his lost walletwhen he was cleaning his room. A.by accident B.with a bang C.in charge 7.Mary is astudent in our school,as she has won several national awards. A.intelligent B.standout C.atomic 8.It's not safe to stay outdoors during a-due to strong winds and lightning A.thunderstorm B.theory C.ribbon 9.Don't forget toyour laptop before the meeting,or it may shut down suddenly A.charge B.metal C.favour 10.Ancar produces less pollution than a traditional petrol car. A.electric 6 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 B.atomic C.metal 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The company will(conduct)a survey to collect customers'opinions next month. 2.The teacher used a story to(illustrate)the importance of honesty. 3.Some(bacterium)are helpful to human health,such as those in the gut. 4.The old castle is_(surround)by a moat to protect it from enemies. 5.The data(indicate)that the number of online shoppers is increasing rapidly. 6.I met my childhood friend(accident)at the airport yesterday. 7.Her(standout)performance in the play won her a lot of praise 8.A(thunderstorm)hit the city last night,causing power outages in some areas. 9.My phone battery is low,so I need to(charge)it right away. 10.The(electric)car industry is developing very fast in recent years. 三、首字母填空 1.The scientists need to cmore research to prove their theory. 2.The textbook uses many pictures to idifficult concepts. 3.Washing hands regularly can prevent the spread of harmful b 4.The small island is sby clear blue sea,making it a popular tourist spot. 5.The traffic lights i when we should stop and go. 6.He discovered the rare plant by a while hiking in the mountains. 7.Tom is a sstudent in math,always getting full marks in exams. 8.We had to stay indoors during the tbecause of heavy rain and thunder. 9.You need to c_your smartwatch every night to use it the next day. 10.Ecars are becoming more popular because they are environmentally friendly. 高中必修第三册译林版 【单元专练】 词汇真题精讲 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Last month,our science class did a project about environmental protection.First,we needed to (conduct)a survey about students'daily habits.We asked questions like"How often do you use plastic bags?"and"Do you recycle waste?"The results(indicate)that many students didn't have good环保习惯. To make it easier to understand,our teacher helped us(illustrate)the data with charts.One chart showed that only 30%of students recycled paper.Then,we discussed how to improve the situation. Some students suggested using cloth bags instead of plastic ones,and others said we should plant more trees to_(surround our school with greenery. During the project,Lily,a(standout)student in our class,came up with a great idea:setting up recycling bins in every classroom.We all agreed it was a good plan.At the end of the project,we presented our findings to the whole school.The presentation ended(with a bang)when we showed a short video of our classmates practicing环保行为. Our teacher said this project was a success.She toldus that even small actions can make a difference We learned that by working together,we can protect our environment better. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.B3.A4.A5.A6.A7.B8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.conduct 2.illustrate 3.bacteria 4.surrounded 5.indicates 6.accidentally 7.standout 8.thunderstorm 9.charge 10.electric I.首字母填空 1.conduct 2.illustrate 3.bacteria 4.surrounded 5.indicate 6.accident 7.standout 8.thunderstorm 9.charge 10.Electric V.语篇填空 1.conduct 2.indicated 3.illustrate 4.surround 5.standout 6.with a bang P