Unit2 单元语法专练 -2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

外研版8下第二单元语法专练 一般过去时的被动语态 第一部分：知识梳理 一、被动语态概述 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 The cat ate the fish. （猫吃了鱼。） 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 The fish was eaten by the cat. （鱼被猫吃了。） 被动语态的构成：be + 及物动词的过去分词 二、一般过去时的被动语态 1. 结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 过去分词 The bridge was built in 1990. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 The letter was not sent yesterday. 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词？ Was the car repaired last week？ 2. 用法 表示过去某个时间发生的被动动作。 表示过去某个时间段内完成的被动动作。 描述过去的状态或客观事实（被动意义）。 3. 例句 This house was built in 2005. The windows were broken by the boy. Were these books written by Lu Xun？ The meeting was not held because of the rain. 三、主动语态变被动语态的步骤（一般过去时） 1. 找宾语：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语。 2. 变谓语：谓语动词变为“was/were + 过去分词”。 3. 加 by：原主语变为 by 的宾语（可省略）。 示例： 主动：People built this bridge in 1990. 被动：This bridge was built （by people） in 1990. 主动：They held the meeting yesterday. 被动：The meeting was held （by them） yesterday. 主动：The storm destroyed many houses. 被动：Many houses were destroyed （by the storm）. 四、注意事项 1. 不及物动词无被动语态 happen, take place, appear, disappear, rise, die 等不及物动词没有被动语态。 ❌ The accident was happened last night. ✅ The accident happened last night. 2. 有些及物动词表示状态，不用于被动语态 have（有）, fit（适合）, suit（适合）, hold（容纳）, cost（花费）等。 ❌ A lot of books were had by him. ✅ He had a lot of books. 3. 双宾语动词的被动语态 有些动词（give, send, show, tell, teach, buy 等）可跟两个宾语。变被动时，可将间接宾语（人）或直接宾语（物）变为主语。 主动：He gave me a book yesterday. 被动1：I was given a book yesterday. 被动2：A book was given to me yesterday. 4. 短语动词的被动语态 动词短语变被动时，介词或副词不能省略。 主动：They looked after the children well. 被动：The children were looked after well. 5. 过去分词的规则与不规则变化 规则动词加 ed：work → worked 不规则动词需特殊记忆：go → gone, see → seen, buy → bought, build → built, break → broken 第二部分：练习题 Part 1：单项选择 1. The Great Wall ______ many years ago. A. built B. was built C. is built 2. These photos ______ on the Great Wall last week. A. took B. are taken C. were taken 3. When ______ the telephone ______？ A. was； invented B. did； invent C. is； invented 4. The meeting ______ because of the heavy rain. A. was cancelled B. cancelled C. is cancelled 5. This bridge ______ by the workers in 1980. A. built B. was built C. is built 6. The old man ______ to the hospital immediately. A. was taken B. took C. is taken 7. ______ the letter ______ yesterday？ A. Was； sent B. Did； send C. Is； sent 8. The cake ______ by my mother last night. A. is made B. was made C. made 9. Many trees ______ along the road last year. A. planted B. were planted C. are planted 10. The computer ______ in the 20th century. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented Part 2：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. The book __________ （write） by Mark Twain. 2. The window __________ （break） by the boy yesterday. 3. The car __________ （repair） last week. 4. These houses __________ （build） in 2010. 5. The meeting __________ （hold） in Room 201. 6. The letter __________ （not send） yesterday. 7. When __________ the bridge __________ （build）？ 8. The children __________ （take） to the zoo last Sunday. 9. The cake __________ （eat） by the dog. 10. The movie __________ （make） in Hollywood. Part 3：将下列主动语态改为被动语态 1. People built this bridge in 1885. __________________________________ 2. They held the Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008. __________________________________ 3. Someone stole my bike yesterday. __________________________________ 4. My mother made this cake last night. __________________________________ 5. The storm destroyed many houses. __________________________________ 6. They invited me to the party last week. __________________________________ 7. The boy broke the window. __________________________________ 8. Lu Xun wrote these books. __________________________________ Part 4：将下列被动语态改为主动语态 1. The bridge was built by the workers in 1990. __________________________________ 2. The book was written by a famous writer. __________________________________ 3. The meeting was held in the hall. __________________________________ 4. The window was broken by Tom. __________________________________ 5. The letter was sent yesterday. __________________________________ Part 5：完成句子 1. 这座桥建于1900年。 This bridge __________ __________ in 1900. 2. 昨天那封信被寄出了。 The letter __________ __________ yesterday. 3. 这些照片是在哪里拍的？ Where __________ these photos __________？ 4. 窗户被一个男孩打破了。 The window __________ __________ by a boy. 5. 会议因雨取消了。 The meeting __________ __________ because of the rain. 6. 这些树是去年种的。 These trees __________ __________ last year. 7. 这本书是鲁迅写的吗？ __________ this book __________ by Lu Xun？ 8. 我的自行车昨天被偷了。 My bike __________ __________ yesterday. Part 6：句型转换 1. They built this hospital in 2005. （改为被动语态） This hospital __________ __________ in 2005. 2. Someone stole my wallet yesterday. （改为被动语态） My wallet __________ __________ yesterday. 3. The meeting was held last week. （改为一般疑问句） __________ the meeting __________ last week？ 4. The letter wasn't sent yesterday. （改为主动语态） __________ didn't __________ the letter yesterday. 5. The bridge was built in 1990. （对划线部分提问，划线部分是 in 1990） __________ __________ the bridge __________？ Part 7：改错 1. The bridge was build in 1990. __________________________________ 2. The letter was send yesterday. __________________________________ 3. The meeting was hold in Room 201. __________________________________ 4. The window was broke by the boy. __________________________________ 5. These books were wrote by Lu Xun. __________________________________ 6. The car was repaired yesterday. （判断对错） __________________________________ 7. The children were taken good care. （判断对错，如有错请改正） __________________________________ 8. Was the party held last night？ （判断对错） __________________________________ 9. The cake was ate by the dog. __________________________________ 10. The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008. （判断对错） __________________________________ 第三部分：参考答案与解析 Part 1 1. B （一般过去时被动，ago 提示过去时间） 2. C （照片被拍，last week 提示过去） 3. A （电话被发明，过去） 4. A （会议被取消，过去） 5. B （桥被建造，in 1980 过去时间） 6. A （老人被送往医院，过去） 7. A （信被寄出，yesterday 过去） 8. B （蛋糕被做，last night 过去） 9. B （树被种，last year 过去） 10. B （电脑被发明，in the 20th century 过去） Part 2 1. was written 2. was broken 3. was repaired 4. were built 5. was held 6. was not sent 7. was； built 8. were taken 9. was eaten 10. was made Part 3 1. This bridge was built in 1885. 2. The Olympic Games were held in Beijing in 2008. 3. My bike was stolen yesterday. 4. This cake was made by my mother last night. 5. Many houses were destroyed by the storm. 6. I was invited to the party last week. 7. The window was broken by the boy. 8. These books were written by Lu Xun. Part 4 1. The workers built the bridge in 1990. 2. A famous writer wrote the book. 3. They held the meeting in the hall. 4. Tom broke the window. 5. Someone sent the letter yesterday. Part 5 1. was built 2. was sent 3. were； taken 4. was broken 5. was cancelled 6. were planted 7. Was； written 8. was stolen Part 6 1. was built 2. was stolen 3. Was； held 4. They； send 5. When was； built Part 7 1. build → built （过去分词） 2. send → sent （过去分词） 3. hold → held （过去分词） 4. broke → broken （过去分词） 5. wrote → written （过去分词） 6. 正确 7. taken good care → taken good care of （介词 of 不能丢） 8. 正确 9. ate → eaten （过去分词） 10. 正确 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $