Unit 2 Sports culture 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（译林版）

高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit2】Sports culture二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 marathon/'mer30an/n.马拉松find one's way into偶然来到，的估计 赛跑：（马拉松式的活动（或工无意中处于 venue'venju:/n.活动场地 作) league/Ii:g/n.联赛：等级，级*cur veball/'k3vb3/n.曲线球： chairman/'t∫eaman/n.(委员会别 throw sb a curveball给某人出难 的)委员长，主席；（会议的）主opposing月paUz/ad.对抗的；题 席，主持人 相反的 handle/'hend/t.处理，应付： constitution/,konstr'tju:fn/n.体net /net/n.(he net)球门网：网控制，操纵；n.把手，拉手；柄 质，身体：素质；宪法，章程状物 three strikes and you are out pour /p3:(r)/t.&i.倒，斟；倾move the goalposts改变条件振出局 倒，倒出：涌流，倾泻：下大雨（或规则） fist/fist/n.拳，拳头 walk on air欣喜，得意扬扬 insurance/m'∫arans,m'∫o:rans/waist /weist/n.腰，腰部；（衣服 keep sth in perspective正确客n.保险业：保险；保险费 的腰部 观地看待 salesman/'serlzman/n.售货员，below the belt不公正的，伤人 celebrity/sa'lebrati/n.名人；名推销员 的 望 complain/kam'ple/vi.&t.cruel /kru:al/adj.刻薄伤人的， opponent/月paunant//n.对手，竞抱怨，投诉 残酷的 争者；反对者 score an own goal进乌龙球；无remark/r'makn.谈论，言论： *humility /hju:'milati/n.谦逊，意中做自己吃亏的事 vi.&t.说起，评论 谦虚 unintentionally/,△nm'tenfanali/towel/'taal/n.毛巾，抹布，纸 *grace /grers/n.高雅，文雅；优adv.无意地，非故意地 巾：throw in the towel认输，承 美：风度，体面 council/'kanl/n.政务委员会，认失败 dignity/dignati/n.尊严；自尊：地方议会；市政服务机构：委员literally/'1 ri/aw.真正地， 高贵 会 确实地：按字面，字面上 bobsleigh/'bDbzler/n.大雪橇backfire/baek'fara()/vi.产生iron/'aIan/n.铁：熨斗；t.& (供两人或两人以上比赛用) 事与愿违的不良（或危险）后果vⅵ.（用熨斗）熨，烫平 unselfish/,n'selfi[/adj..无私的，ballpark/'b:lpa:k/n.棒球场： 忘我的 变动范围；in the ballpark差不 idiom/1dim/n.习语，成语 多；a ballpark estimate大致相近 高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.constitution/,kDnstr'tju:n/n.体质，身体；素质；宪法，章程 动词形式：constitute(组成，构成) 形容词形式：constitutional(宪法的：体质的) 构词解析：前缀con-:表“共同，一起”；后缀-tion:加在动词后构成名词，表“动作或过程”。 The constitution of a country is the basic law that governs its people 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The committee is (constitution)of repre- sentatives from different departments.(答案：constituted) 2.dignity/'drgnsti/n.尊严；自尊；高贵 形容词形式：dignified(庄严的，有尊严的) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词后构成名词，表“性质、状态”。 同类词：ability(能力)、responsibility(责任) 例句：Everyone has the right to live with dignity and respect.. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：She maintained her dignity even in the face of failure. 3.unselfish/,n'self/adj.无私的，忘我的 反义词：selfish(自私的) 名词形式：selfishness(自私)、unselfishness(无私) 构词解析：前缀u1-:表“否定”，加在形容词前构成反义词；后缀-ish:加在名词后构成形容词，表 “具有…性质的”。 例句：His unselfish act of donating blood saved a stranger’s life. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：It's__(selfish)of you to take all the cookies without sharing with others.(答案：selfish) 4.opponent/h'paonant/n.对手，竞争者；反对者 动词形式：oppose(反对，对抗) 形容词形式：opposing(对抗的，相反的) 构词解析：前缀op-:表“相反，对立”；后缀-ent:加在动词后构成名词，表“人或物”；-ing构成 形容词。 例句：The two teams will face their opponents in the final match tomorrow, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The opposing army was forced to retreat after a long battle. 5.complaint /kam'pleint/n.抱怨，投诉 动词形式：complain(抱怨，投诉) 构词解析：后缀-ment:加在动词后构成名词，表“动作或结果”。 同类词：development(发展)、agreement(同意) The customer made a complaint about the poor service in the restaurant. 2 高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：She _(complaint)to the manager about the broken air conditioner.(答案：complained) 6.unintentionally/,nn'tenfenali/adv.无意地，非故意地 形容词形式：unintentional(无意的) 名词形式：intention(意图，目的) 构词解析：前缀un-:表“否定”；后缀-al:构成形容词：-y:构成副词：tio:构成名词。 He unintentionally hurt her feelings by making that thoughtless remark 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：Her mistake was unintentional,so we shouldn' t blame her too much. 7.insurance/m'fosrans/n.保险业；保险；保险费 动词形式：insure(给…投保：确保) 构词解析：前缀in-:表“使…”；后缀-nce:加在动词后构成名词，表“动作或状态”。 例句：Buying travel insurance is necessary before going abroad, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：We need to (insurance)our new car against accidents.(答案：insure) 8.celebration/,sell'breifn/n.庆祝；庆典 动词形式：celebrate(庆祝) 形容词形式：celebrated(著名的，有名望的) 构词解析：后缀-tion:构成名词；-ed:构成形容词，表“被…的”。 例句：The whole city held a big celebration for the national holiday. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句)：They celebrated their victory with a delicious dinner. 9.cruel /kru:al/adj.刻薄伤人的，残酷的 名词形式：cruelty(残忍，残酷行为) 副词形式：cruelly(残酷地) 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词后构成名词；y:构成副词。 例句：It's cruel to treat animals in such a violent way. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The king ruled his people with(cuel), which led to a revolution..(答案：cruelty) l0.literally/ltarali/adv.真正地，确实地；按字面，字面上 形容词形式：literal(字面的：逐字的) 名词形式：literature(文学；文献) 构词解析：词根liter:表“文字，字母”；后缀-al:构成形容词；y:构成副词。 例句：He was literally speechless when he heard the good news. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The word'book'can be used both literally and figuratively. 3 高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 11.iron/'aIan/n.铁：熨斗：t.&vi.(用熨斗)熨，烫平 形容词形式：ironic(讽刺的，反语的) 名词形式：irony(讽刺，反语) 构词解析：后缀-ic:构成形容词：y:构成名词。 例句：She used an iron to press the wrinkles out of her shirt. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The story ended with a surprising】 (ironic) that no one expected.(答案：irony) 12.salesman/'serlzman/n.售货员，推销员 复数形式：salesmen 对应女性名词：saleswoman(女售货员) 构词解析：合成词：sale(销售)+man(人)：复数将-ma变为men。 例句：The salesman tried to persuade me to buy the new phone. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Two_一(salesman)came to our office to promote their products yesterday..(答案：salesmen) l3.opponent/A'paunant/n.对手，竞争者；反对者 动词形式：oppose(反对，对抗) 形容词形式：opposing(对抗的，相反的) 构词解析：前缀op-:表“相反，对立”；后缀-ent:加在动词后构成名词，表“人或物”；-ing构成 形容词。 例句：The two teams will face their opponents in the final match tomorrow. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句)：The opposing army was forced to retreat after a long battle 14.constitutional/konstr'tju:∫n/adj.宪法的；体质的 名词形式：constitution(宪法；体质) 构词解析：后缀-：加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 例句：Freedom of speech is a constitutional right in many countries. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习)：Regular exercise can improve your physical _(constitutional).(答案：constitution) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The_()of this country guarantees freedom of speech for all citizens. 2.Everyone has the right to live with()and respect. 3.Her_(无意的)mistake caused a lot of trouble for the team. 4 高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.Buying travel()is necessary before going abroad. 5.The whole city held a big(for the national holiday. 6.The king ruled his people with_(残忍)，which led to a revolution. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The committee is(constitution)of representatives from different departments. 2.It's(selfish)of you to take all the cookies without sharing with others. 3.She(complaint)to the manager about the broken air conditioner. 4.We need to _(insurance)our new car against accidents. 5.The story ended with a surprising(ironic)that no one expected. 6.Two_(salesman)came to our office to promote their products yesterday. 7.Regular exercise can improve your physical_(constitutional) 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这个委员会由来自不同部门的代表组成。 The committee representatives from different departments 2.他无意中说了那句话，伤害了她的感情。 He said that sentence,which hurt her feelings. 3.他们用一顿美味的晚餐庆祝了他们的胜利。 They with a delicious dinner. 4.言论自由是许多国家的宪法权利。 Freedom of speech is a_in many countries. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 J 高中选择性必修第二册译林版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 In a small town,there was a young man known for his -(selfishness).He always shared his belongings and helped others without expecting anything in return.One day,he met a stranger who was injured.Without hesitation,he sent the stranger to the hospital and paid for the treatment.The stranger turned out to be a famous lawyer,who later helped the young man when he faced a legal issue. The lawyer explained that everyone should treat others with(dignified).He also mentioned that being_(cruel)to others would only bring trouble.The young man's(unselfish)act changed his life.Later,he even set up a charity to help more people.The town held a-(celebration)to honor his contributions. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.constitution 2.dignity 3.unintentional 4.insurance 5.celebration 6.cruelty I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.constituted 2.selfish 3.complained 4.insure 5.irony 6.salesmen 7.constitution I.完成句子 1.is constituted of 2.unintentionally 3.celebrated their victory 4.constitutional right V.语篇填空 1.unselfishness 2.dignity 3.cruel 4.unselfish 5.celebration 6