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高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
必修三
【Unit4】Scientists who changed the world
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
conduct /kan'dktt.&vi.组by accident偶然,意外地
metal/'metl/m.金属
织,实施:指挥;引导;举止intelligent/m'teld3ent/adj.有才charge/tfa:d3t.&vi.充电;收
illustrate'astreIt/v.说明,解智的,聪明的:有智力的
费:控告:谴责:使承担责任:
释:加图于
favour /'ferva(r)/(AmE favor)vt.
使充满:n.收费;控告:谴责:
*penicillin/penr'slmn.青霉较喜欢;偏祖;有助于:n.帮掌管
素,盘尼西林
助,好事;赞同;偏祖
electric'lektrik/adj.电的,发
*mould /mavld/(AmE mold)n.politician/ppl'tm/n.政治家,电的,电动的
霉菌:模具;类型:t.浇铸,塑从政者:投机钻营者
*bang/ba1y/h.突然的巨响;猛
造
*lightning/'latn四/m.闪电
敲,猛击:i.&t.砸;砰地关
*bacteria /baek't3ri3n.(sing.electricity/,lek'trisati/n.电,电上;猛撞;碰撞
bacterium)细菌
能
with a bang很成功;引人注日,
surround/sa'raond/t.围绕,环theory/'0rin.学说,论;原理;有强烈影响
绕:包围:与.紧密相关
看法,意见
standout/'staendaut/adj.突出的;
indicate/'ndikeit/vt.表明;暗
thunderstorm
/'θndasto:m/m.n.突出的人(或物)
示:提及:指出
雷雨,雷暴
*atomic /a'tomk/adj.原子能的:
accident/'aeksIdant/n.意外,偶*ribbon'rban/n.带子,丝带;原子的
然的事:事故,意外遭遇
带状物
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.intelligent/m'teld3 ont/adj..有才智的,聪明的:有智力的
词汇变形
名词形式:intelligence(智力;情报)
副词形式:intelligently(聪明地:明智地)
构词解析
前缀intel.-(=inter-.,表“在…之间:相互”)+-ig-(选择,收集)+后缀-ent(构成形容词),字
面意为“能从中选择的”,即“聪明的”。
同类词:intelligence(名词)、intelligible(易懂的)
She is an intelligent student who always asks thoughtful questions.
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高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】
,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
2.politician/pol'tn/n.政治家,从政者;投机钴营者
词汇变形
名词形式(领域):politics(政治)
形容词形式:political(政治的)
构词解析
词根polit--(城市,引申为“公共事务”)+-ician(表“从事…职业的人”),即“从事公共事务的
人”。
同类词:nusic→nusician(音乐家)、magic→magician(魔术师)
例句:The politician gave a speech about environmental protection.
3.electricity,lek'trisati/n.电,电能
词汇变形
形容词形式:electric(电的)、electrical(与电有关的)
动词形式:electrify(使通电;使激动)
构词解析
词根electr-(琥珀,因摩擦生电现象得名)+后缀-icity(表“性质、状态”),即“电的性质”。
例句:Electricity is essential for modern life.
4.theory/'arih.学说,论:原理;看法,意见
词汇变形
形容词形式:heoretical(理论的)
副词形式:theoretically(理论上)
构词解析
词根he-(看,观察)+后缀-oy(表“场所、结果”),字面意为“观察的结果”,即“理论”。
同类词:observe(观察)→theory(理论)
Einstein's theory of relativity changed the way we understand the universe.
5.metal/'metl/n.金属
词汇变形
形容词形式:metallic(金属的:含金属的)
构词解析
词根metall-(金属)+后缀-ic(构成形容词),表“具有金属性质的”。
例句:The bridge is made of strong metal
6.charge /tfa:d3/t.&vi.充电:收费;控告;n.收费:控告:掌管
词汇变形
形容词形式:charged(带电的:充满感情的)
名词形式:charger(充电器:控告者)
构词解析
前缀char-(=car-,承载)+后缀-ge(表“动作或结果”),原义“承载(电能、责任等)”。
固定搭配:in charge of(负责)、free of charge(免费)
例句:He forgot to charge his phone last night,,so it died this morning
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高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】
,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
7.electric/'lektrik/adj.电的,发电的,电动的
词汇变形
名词形式:electricity(电)
副词形式:electrically(用电地;电力地)
构词解析
词根electr-(电)+后缀-ic(构成形容词),表“与电相关的”。
同类词:historic(历史的)、economic(经济的)
例句:My father bought an electric car to reduce carbon emissions.
8.atomic/A'tomik/adj.原子能的:原子的
词汇变形
名词形式:atom(原子)
构词解析
词根atom(原子)+后缀-ic(构成形容词),表“原子的:与原子相关的”。
例句:Atomic energy can be used to generate electricity.
9.accident/'eksidant//n.意外,偶然的事:事故
词汇变形
形容词形式:accidental(意外的;偶然的)
副词形式:accidentally(意外地:偶然地)
构词解析
前缀ac-(加强)+词根cid.(落下,发生)+后缀-ent(构成名词),字面意为“突然发生的事”,即
“意外”。
固定搭配:by accident(偶然地)
例句:He met his old friend by accident in the park.
l0.indicate/indikert/t.表明:暗示:指出
词汇变形
名词形式:indication(迹象:指示)
形容词形式:indicative(指示的:暗示的)
构词解析
前缀in-(加强)+词根dic-(说,显示)+后缀-ate(构成动词),即“使显示出来”。
同类词:dictate(口述;命令)、dictionary(字典)
例句:The dark clouds indicate that it will rain soon.
ll.illustrate/lastreit/vt.说明,解释;加图于
词汇变形
名词形式:illustration(说明:插图)
形容词形式:illustrative(说明性的)
构词解析
前缀i-(=in-,进入)+词根lust-(光,照亮)+后缀-ate(构成动词),字面意为“照亮…”,即
“阐明,说明”。
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高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】
,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
The teacher used a diagram to illustrate the process of photosynthesis.
12.conduct/ken'dkt/t.&vi.组织,实施;指挥:n./'kpndAkt/举止,行为
词汇变形
名词形式:conductor(指挥家:导体)
形容词形式:conductive(传导的)
构词解析
前缀con-(共同)+词根d1ct.(引导),即“共同引导”,引申为“组织、指挥”。
例句:She will conduct a survey about student hobbies next week.
13.surround/se'raund/vt.围绕,环绕:包围
词汇变形
名词形式:surroundings(环境)
形容词形式:surrounding(周围的)
构词解析
前缀sur-(超过,在…之上)+词根round(圆,环绕),即“在周围环绕”。
例句:The house is surrounded by tall trees..
14.standout/'staendaut/adj.突出的:n.突出的人(或物)
词汇变形
动词短语:stand out(突出:显眼)
构词解析
stand(站立)+out(向外),字面意为“站出来的”,即“突出的”。
例句:Her performance in the competition was a standout.
综合训练
一、
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The scientist's new()has been widely accepted by the academic community.
2.Copper is a good
(导体)of electricity and heat,
3.The
(emphasized the importance of environmental protection in his speech.
4.We need to pay attention to the__(周围的)environment when traveling
5.The (door was too heavy for the child to open.
6.Her
and hard work helped her win the scholarship
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
4
高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.The
(electricity)car is becoming more popular due to its environmental benefits.
2
(Theoretical)speaking,this method should work,but we need to test it in practice.
3.The river
(surround by mountains is a popular tourist attraction.
4.He is a
(standout)student in our class because of his excellent grades.
5.The teacher used a chart to
(illustration)the relationship between temperature and pressure.
6.The
(conduct)of the experiment must follow strict safety rules
7.The
(metallic)sound of the bell woke me up early in the morning.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.这些数据表明我们需要采取更有效的措施。
These data
we need to take more effective measures.
2.这座城市被美丽的湖泊和森林环绕。
The city
beautiful lakes and forests.
3.理论上,这种材料可以传导电能。
this material can
electricity.
4.他负责组织这次国际会议。
Heis
organizing the international conference.
四、语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
A
(theory)physicist once visited a factory to study how
(electric)is generated.The
factory was
(surround)by tall trees,and the machines inside made a
(metal)noise.He
noticed that the workers used special tools to(conduct)the energy,and the
(charge)
wires were carefully labeled for safety.
During his visit,he asked the manager,"What's the most important factor in your work?"The
manager replied,"Attention to detail.Even a small mistake could cause an
_(accident).”The
physicist nodded,
(indicate)that he agreed.He later wrote an article
(illustrative)the
importance of combining theory with practice.
参考答案
J
高中必修第三册译林版
【词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.theory 2.conductor 3.politician 4.surrounding 5.metal 6.intelligence
Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.electric
2.Theoretically
3.surrounded 4.standout 5.illustrate 6.conduction
7
metallic
II完成句子
1.indicate that 2.is surrounded by 3.Theoretically speaking;conduct 4.in charge of
V.语篇填空
1.theoretical 2.electricity 3.surrounded 4.metallic 5.conduct 6.charged
7.
accident 8.indicating 9.illustrating
6