Unit 1 Food matters 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（译林版）

高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 (Unit 1 Food matters (Part II 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 adorable/A'dbrb/adj.可爱的，dynasty/dmasti/n.朝，代，王 essential/'senfl/adj.必不可少 讨人喜爱的 朝 的：本质的，基本的 mild /maild/adj..不浓的，淡味expand/k'spaend/t.&vi.增加，innovation/,m3'ven/n.创造， 的：暖和的，温和的：不严重的扩大：扩展，发展（业务）：详述，创新：新思想，新方法 *tiramisu/trml'sl:/n.提拉米详述 concept/'konsept/n.概念，观念 苏 multiple/'mAltpl/adj.数量多stimulate/stmjulet/t.促进， bakery/beikari/n.面包（糕饼）的，多样的 激发：刺激，使兴奋 店 *sauce/so:s/n.调味汁 appetite/'epitart/.n.食欲，胃口： *layer/'lea();'leIa(r)/n.层，表plain /plein/adj.朴素的，简单强烈欲望 层；层次 的：清楚的 delicate/'delrkat/adj.精致的，精 cheese /tfi:z/n.干酪，奶酪 slice/slars/n.薄片，片：部分，份细的，精密的；易损的，易碎的， bitter/'bta(r/adj.味苦的：激烈额：t.把一切成片：切开，割脆弱的 的：令人难过的：严寒的 破 emphasis /'emfasis/n.(pl.em- cream /kri:m/n.奶油，乳脂：护chef /fef/n.主厨，厨师 phases/.'emfasi:z/强调，重视；重 肤霜 property'prDpati/n.性质，特读 *ingredient/m'gri:diant/n.材料，性：所有物，财产；不动产 steam/stim/t.&vi.蒸；散发 成分：因素，要素 appropriate为praupriat/adj.合蒸汽；n.水蒸气：蒸汽动力：水 loose /lu:s/adj不受约束的；未适的 汽 固定牢的：零散的；宽松的：释estimate/'estimeit/vt.估计，估gram/grem/n.克 放的；let sth loose释放：放任价：/'estrmat/.n.估计：估计的成cabbage/'kaebId3/n.甘蓝，卷心 *chilli/'tli/(AmE chili)n.辣椒本 菜 pepper/'pep(r)/n.甜椒：胡椒consume/kan'sjum/t.吃，喝，rapper/repa)/n.(食品等的) 粉：Sichuan pepper花椒 饮：消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能包装材料，包装纸 onion/'njn/n.洋葱，葱头；量或时间) nixture/'mikstfa(r)/n.混合物： spring onion小洋葱，青葱 hit the spot使人满意，正合需要混合，结合 damp/demp/adj.潮湿的，湿气*Cantonese/kanta'ni:zadj.广edge/ed3/n.边，边缘；刀口 重的 东人（或文化）的，粤语的；n.(pl.apart/'pa:t/adv.成碎片：分开 foggy/'fogi/adj.有雾的，雾茫Cantonese)广东人：粤语 相隔：fall apart破碎，破裂；崩 茫的 *dim sum/.dm'sm/n.点心 溃 高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.innovation/,n3've/n.创造，创新：新思想，新方法 动词形式：innovate 形容词形式：innovative 构词解析：前缀n-:表”进入，使”：后缀-ation:加在动词后构成名词，表”动作、过程或结 果”；-ive:构成形容词，表”具有…性质的”。 同类词：invitation(邀请)←-invite(邀请)、active(积极的) The chef's innovation in combining Western and Chinese ingredients made the dish very popular. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习）：Technological(innovate)has greatly changed our way of life.(答案：innovation) 2.appropriate/A'praupriat/adj.合适的 副词形式：appropriately 名词形式：appropriateness 构词解析：前缀ap-:表”加强”；后缀-ate:构成形容词：-y:构成副词：ness:构成名词，表”性 质”。 It's important to choose appropriate clothing for different occasions. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：You should speak (appropriate)in formal meetings.(答案：appropriately) 3.stimulate/'stmmjulert/t.促进，激发；刺激，使兴奋 名词形式：stimulation 形容词形式：stimulating 构词解析：前缀sti-(=stimul-):表”刺激”；后缀-ate:构成动词：-ion:构成名词：-ing:构成形容 词，表”令人…的”。 例句：The new policy is expected to stimulate economic growth, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习）：Reading interesting books can (stimulation) children's imagination.(答案：stimulate) 4.expand/k'spaend/t.&vi.增加，扩大；扩展，发展（业务；详述 名词形式：expansion 形容词形式：expansive 构词解析：前缀ex-:表”向外”；后缀-d:构成动词；-sion:构成名词；-ive:构成形容词。 同类词：extend(延伸)→extension(延伸) 例句：The company plans to expand its business into overseas markets. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The__(expand)of the city has led to more job opportunities.(答案：expansion) 5.emphasis/'emfasIs/n.(pl.emphases/'emfasi:z/强调，重视；重读 动词形式：emphasize(美式)/emphasise(英式) 形容词形式：emphatic 2 高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：前缀em-（=en-):表使”；后缀-sis:构成名词：-ize/-ise:构成动词；-tic:构成形 容词。 固定搭配：lay/put emphasis on(强调…) 例句：The teacher put great emphasis on the importance of reading, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习）：He_(emphasis)the need for teamwork in his speech.(答案：emphasized) 6.consume/kan'sjum/t.吃，喝，饮；消耗，耗费（尤指燃料、能量或时间） 名词形式：consumption 形容词形式：consumptive 构词解析：前缀con-:表”共同’；后缀-me:构成动词；ption:构成名词；tive:构成形容词。 例句：We should reduce the amount of energy we consume every day. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：The(consume)of fast food has increased rapidly in recent years.(答案：consumption) 7.delicate/'delikat/adj.精致的，精细的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的 副词形式：delicately 名词形式：delicacy 构词解析：前缀de-:表”加强”；后缀-ate:构成形容词；ly:构成副词；-cy:构成名词，表”性 质、状态”。 例句：The delicate pattern on the vase was hand-painted. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习）：She held the baby(delicate)in her arms. (答案：delicately) 8.essential/Tsen/adj.必不可少的：本质的，基本的 名词形式：essence 副词形式：essentially 构词解析：前缀es-(=ex-):表”出来”；后缀tial:构成形容词：-ence:构成名词；y:构成副词。 固定搭配：be essential to/for(对…必不可少) 例句：Water is essential to all living things. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The_(essential)of his argument is that we need to take immediate action.（答案：essence) 9.estimate/'estimert/t.估计，估价；/'estimat/.n.估计；估计的成本 形容词形式：estimable 构词解析：前缀e-（=€x-):表出’：后缀-ate:构成动词：-able:构成形容词，表”可…的”。 Scientists estimate that the project will take three years to complete. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：The__(estimate)cost of the new library is around one million yuan.(答案：estimated) 10.multiple/'mAltrpl/adj.数量多的，多样的 动词形式：multiply 3 高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：multiplicity 构词解析：前缀multi-:表”多”；后缀ple:构成形容词；y:构成动词；-icity:构成名词。 例句：The company offers multiple choices for customers to choose from, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：With the development of technology,.people's ways of communication have__(multiple)greatly.(答案：multiplied) l1.plain /plem/adj.朴素的，简单的：清楚的 副词形式：plainly 名词形式：plainness 构词解析：后缀-y:构成副词；-nss:构成名词，表性质”。 例句：She prefers plain clothes to fancy ones, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习）：He spoke so_(plain)that everyone could understand him.(答案：plainly) l2.bitter/btar)/adj.味苦的；激烈的：令人难过的；严寒的 名词形式：bitterness 副词形式：bitterly 构词解析：后缀-ness:构成名词，表”性质、状态”；y:构成副词。 例句：The medicine has a bitter taste but is effective. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：She cried (bitter)when she heard the bad news.(答案：bitterly) 13.loose/lu:sadj.不受约束的：未固定牢的；零散的；宽松的：释放的 动词形式：loosen 名词形式：looseness 构词解析：后缀-e:加在形容词后构成动词，表”使”；ness:构成名词。 固定搭配：let sth loose(释放；放任) 例句：He loosened his tie after a long day at work, 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册单元练习)：The screws have (loose),so the chair is wobbly.(答案：loosened) l4.appropriate/e'praupriat/adj.合适的 副词形式：appropriately 名词形式：appropriateness 构词解析：前缀ap-:表”加强”；后缀-ate:构成形容词：-y:构成副词：ness:构成名词，表”性 质”。 It's important to choose appropriate clothing for different occasions. 真题链接（译林版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：You should speak (appropriate)in formal meetings.(答案：appropriately) 高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The government encourages technological (创新)to drive economic growth. 2.We should pay attention to the__(适当性)of our behavior in public.. 3.The new policy has had a positive()on the job market. 4.The rapid (of the company has created many new positions. 5.The teacher placed great (强调)on the importance of critical thinking. 6.The (of natural resources should be reduced to protect the environment. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.This (innovate)design has won several international awards 2.You should dress (appropriate)for the formal dinner party. 3.The lecture was so (stimulate)that no one felt bored. 4.The (expand)population has put pressure on urban resources. 5.The manager (emphasis)the need for teamwork during the meeting. 6.The (consume)of electricity peaks in summer due to air conditioning use. 7.She handled the (delicate)situation with great care. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.新鲜空气对健康是必不可少的。 Fresh air health 2.科学家估计这个项目将花费五年时间完成。 Scientists that the project will take five years 3.这家公司提供多种支付方式供客户选择。 The company offers methods for customers to choose from. 4.他说话如此清楚，以至于所有人都能理解他的意思。 He spoke so that everyone could understand his meaning 高中译林版 【选择性必修第一册】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Reading interesting books can (stimulation)children's imagination and encourage (in- novate)thinking.For teenagers,it's essential to choose(appropriate)books that match their reading level.A (delicate)balance between entertainment and education can make reading more effective.Some experts(estimate)that students who read regularly have better language skills.Additionally,parents should(emphasis)the importance of reading and create a sup- portive environment at home.By doing so,children can develop a lifelong love for books and (expand)their knowledge. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.innovation 2.appropriateness 3.stimulation 4.expansion 5.emphasis 6.consump tion Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.innovative 2.appropriately 3.stimulating 4.expanding 5.emphasized 6.consump- tion 7.delicate II.完成句子 1.is essential to 2.estimate;to complete 3.multiple payment 4.plainly V.语篇填空 1.stimulate 2.innovative 3.appropriate 4.delicate 5.estimate 6.emphasize 7 expand 6