Unit 6 Survival三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（外研版）

高中外研版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Uit6 Unit 6 【Unit6】Survival三 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 Mars /ma:zn.火星 驾驶（操纵）的 同时 advanced /ad'va:nst/adj.高级 spacecraft/'sperskra:ft//n.航天infer /m'f3:)/v.推断，推定 的：先进的 器，宇宙飞船 expose /ik'spaz/v.使暴露（于 wipe/warp/v.擦，拭，揩 orbit/'obt/v环绕…运行 险境) wipe out彻底摧毁，消灭 stunning/'stn叫/adj.极具吸引astronaut/'estran:t/n.宇航员， nuclear/'nju:klia(r)/adj.核武器 力的：令人惊奇的 太空人 的 agency/eid3ansi/n.机构：（尤dust/dAst/n.沙土，尘土 terrifying/'terifan/adj.极其可 指政府内的)局，部，处 capsule/kaepsju:/n.(航天器 怕的，骇人听闻的 consist/kn'sIst/V.组成 的)密封舱，太空舱 hostile /'hpstal/adj. (生长环consist of由…构成，由… exposure/k'spaU3a(t)/n.暴露 境)恶劣的 组成 trunk /trAnk/n.树干 unmanned/,n'mend/adj.无人in the meantime在此期间，与此 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.advanced/ed'va:nst//adj.高级的：先进的 词汇变形 动词形式：advance(前进；发展) 名词形式：advancement(进步：发展) 构词解析 前缀a-:表“朝向、加强”；后缀-ed:构成形容词，表“已…的”。 With advanced technology,the unmanned spacecraft can orbit Mars successfully. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元练习)：China has made great(advance)in space exploration in recent years.(答案：advancement) 2.terrifying/'terfan/ad.极其可怕的，骇人听闻的 词汇变形 动词形式：terrify(使恐惧) 名词形式：teor(恐惧) 副词形式：terrifyingly(可怕地) 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 6 构词解析 后缀-ing:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”；动词terrify源自名词terror。 同类词：exciting(令人兴奋的)、boring(令人厌烦的) 例句：The hostile environment on Mars is terrifying for human survival. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册阅读原文)：The storm on Mars was__(terrify),with dust covering everything in sight.(答案：terrifying) 3.hostile/'hpstarl/adj.(生长环境)恶劣的；敌对的 词汇变形 名词形式：hostility(敌意；恶劣环境) 副词形式：hostilely(敌对地) 构词解析 后缀-ile:构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 Mars has a hostile climate with extreme temperatures and strong dust storms. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试）：The team had to deal with the (hostile)of the desert environment during their research.(答案：hostility) 4.unmanned/,n'maend/adj.无人驾驶（操纵）的 词汇变形 反义词：manned(有人驾驶的) 构词解析 前缀un-:表“否定”，加在形容词前构成反义词：man此处为动词“操纵，配备人员”。 同类词：unhappy(不开心的)、unfair（不公平的) 例句：Unmanned spacecraft have sent back stunning images of Mars. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：China's(manned)space station has made great contributions to space research.(答案：manned) 5.stunning/'stn四/ad.极具吸引力的：令人惊奇的 词汇变形 动词形式：stn(使震惊：使昏迷) 副词形式：stunningly(惊人地) 构词解析 后缀-ing:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 The stunning photos of Mars'surface taken by the spacecraft amazed scientists. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Her performance in the speech contest was (stum),winning her first prize.(答案：stunning) 6.exposure/ik'spaU39(r)/n.暴露 词汇变形 动词形式：expose（使暴露) 形容词形式：exposed(暴露的) 构词解析 2 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit6 前缀ex-:表“向外、出”；后缀-ure:构成名词，表“动作或状态”。 固定搭配：eXp0se.to.…（使…暴露于…) 例句：Long-term exposure to radiation is dangerous for astronauts. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元练习）：The skin can be damaged by(expose)to strong sunlight for too long.(答案：exposure) 7.infer /In'f3:r)/v.推断，推定 词汇变形 名词形式：inference(推断：结论) 形容词形式：inferential(推理的) 构词解析 前缀in-:表“向内、进入”；后缀fer:源自拉丁语，表“携带”，infer字面义为“带入（结论）”。 例句：From the data,.scientists can infer that Mars once had liquid water 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册阅读练习）：What can we_(inference)from the passage about Mars'past?(答案：infer) 8.consist /kan'sIst/V.组成 词汇变形 名词形式：consistency(一致性)：形容词形式：consistent(一致的) 构词解析 前缀co-:表“共同、一起”；后缀-sist:源自拉丁语“站立”，consist字面义为“站在一起”，引申 为“组成”。 固定搭配：consist of（由…构成) The research team consists of scientists from different countries. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册语法填空）：The solar system (consist)of the Sun and eight planets.(答案：consists) 9.nuclear/'nju:klia)/adj.核武器的；核的 词汇变形 名词形式：nucleus(核；核心)：复数形式：nuclei 构词解析 前缀nucle-:表“核”：后缀-ar:构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 例句：Nuclear energy can provide power for spacecraft on long missions. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册单元测试）：The__(nucleus)of an atom contains protons and neutrons.(答案：nucleus) l0.agency/'eId3nsi/n.机构；局，部，处 词汇变形 动词形式：agent(代理人：动因) 构词解析 后缀-cy:加在名词后构成抽象名词，表“性质、状态或机构”；agent为名词“代理人”，agency引 申为“代理机构”。 3 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit6 例句：The space agency is planning a new mission to Mars. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：NASA is a famous_(agent)for space exploration in the US.(答案：agency) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (plans to launch a new unmanned spacecraft next month. 7.Long-term. (to high levels of radiation is harmful to health 8.Scientists made an important()about the origin of Mars'water. 9.The team had to overcome the (恶劣环境)of the polar region during the expedition. 10.Nuclear (is considered a potential solution for deep-space missions. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (advance)technology has greatly improved the accuracy of space exploration. 2.The (terrify)storm left the research station in a state of chaos. 3.The (stun)discovery of ancient riverbeds on Mars excited the scientific community. 4.The committee (consist)of experts from various fields of astronomy. 5.The (nucleus)of the atom is surrounded by electrons. 6.She was praised for her (consistent)in pursuing scientific goals 7.The (expose)of the data led to a re-evaluation of the experiment. 8.The (hostile)of the environment forced the team to abort the mission 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这个研究团队由来自五个国家的科学家组成。 The research team scientists from five countries. 2.从这些数据中我们可以推断火星曾经有过生命。 We can_ from the data that Mars once had life 3.长期暴露在紫外线下会损伤皮肤。 Long-term ultraviolet rays can damage the skin. 4 高中外研版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 6 4.无人驾驶飞船发回了火星表面的惊人图像。 spacecraft sent back images of Mars'surface. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Mars has always been a focus of space exploration.With (advance)technology,scientists have made great (achieve)in studying this planet.The (hostile)environment,including ex- treme temperatures and dust storms,makes human landing challenging.(unmanned)missions have provided(stun)data,such as evidence of ancient water.By analyzing the data,researchers can (infer)that Mars'climate was once suitable for life.A key challenge is protecting astro- nauts from _(expose)to radiation,which may require(nuclear)power systems.The space (agency)is now planning a manned mission to Mars,aiming to answer the ultimate question: Is there life beyond Earth? 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.agency 7.exposure 8.inference 9.hostility 10.energy Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.advanced 2.terrifying 3.stunning 4.consists 5.nucleus 6.consistency 7.exposure 8.hostility III.完成句子 1.consists of 2.infer 3.exposure to 4.Unmanned;stunning V.语篇填空 1.advanced 2.achievements 3.hostile 4.Unmanned 5.stunning 6.infer 7.exposure 8.nuclear 9.agency