Unit 2 Lessons in life 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Lessons in life 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 pure/pjoa(r)/adj.纯净的，洁净 蠢的 本能地 的 lean /li:n/v.倚，靠 despair/d'spea(r)/n.绝望 女ransparent /traens'paerant/adj.Madame/m3'daem/n.夫人，太luxury/'IAkfari/n.奢华，奢侈 透明的 太，女士 vexed/vekst/adj.恼火的 stroke/st3k/v.轻抚，抚摸 absurd/ab's3:d/adi.荒唐的，愚instinctively/n'stmktrvli/adv. 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.pure /pjos)/adj.纯净的，洁净的 词汇变形 副词形式：purely 名词形式：purity 构词解析 后缀y:加在形容词后构成副词，表”纯粹地：完全地”：y:加在形容词后构成名词，表”性质、 状态”。 同类词：secure→security（安全)、major一majority(多数) 例句：The water in the mountain stream is purely natural and safe to drink. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：The(pure)of the air in the countryside is much higher than that in the city.(答案：purity) 2.transparent/traens'paerant/adj.透明的 构词解析 前缀trans-.:表”穿过、透过”；词根par(=appear,出现)：后缀-ent:构成形容词，表”具有…性 质的”。 同类词：transmit（传送)、transport(运输) 例句：The transparent glass allows sunlight to fill the room. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句）：The transparent plastic bottle can be recycled and reused. 1 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 3.absurd/ab's3:d/adj.荒唐的，愚蠢的 词汇变形 名词形式：absurdity 副词形式：absurdly 构词解析 前缀ab-:表”离开、相反”；词根surd(=deaf,聋的)，原义”听不见的”，引申为不合理的”；后 缀-ity构成名词，y构成副词。 例句：It's absurd to believe that the earth is flat in the2 1st century. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)：Te (absurd)of his argument made ev- eryone laugh.(答案：absurdity) 4.lean /li:n/v.倚，靠；adj.瘦的 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：leaned/leant 现在分词：leaning 构词解析 词根lean(=bend,弯曲)，作动词表”倾斜、倚靠'，作形容词表”瘦的”（无前后缀）。 固定搭配：lean against(倚在…上)、lean towards(倾向于) 例句：She leaned against the wall,waiting for her friend. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句）：He leaned forward to hear what the teacher was saying 5.instinctively/n'stmktrvli/adv.本能地 词汇变形 形容词形式：instinctive 名词形式：instinct 构词解析 前缀in-:表”内在的”；词根stinct(=prick,刺)，原义”被刺中的感觉，即”本能”；后缀-ive构成 形容词，y构成副词。 例句：The baby instinctively reached out for her mother's hand. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：Animals have a natural (instinct)to protect their young.(答案：instinct) 6.despair/d'spea)/n.绝望；v.绝望 词汇变形 形容词形式：desperate 构词解析 前缀de-:表”否定、向下”；词根spair(=hope,希望)，合义”失去希望”；后缀-ate构成形容词 (desperate:绝望的)。 固定搭配：in despair(绝望地)、despair of(对…绝望) 例句：He cried out in despair when he heard the bad news.. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句）：Never despair,believe in yourself and you will 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 succeed. 7.luxury/'lk∫ri/n.奢华，奢侈 词汇变形 形容词形式：luxurious 副词形式：luxuriously 构词解析 词根lux(=-light,光)，原义”明亮的'，引申为”昂贵的、奢华的”；后缀-y构成名词，-ious构成形 容词，y构成副词。 同类词：anxiety(焦虑)一anxious（焦虑的) 例句：Staying in a five-star hotel is a luxury for most people. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)：The millionaire lives a(luxury)life in his villa by the sea.(答案：luxurious) 8.stroke/straok/v.轻抚，抚摸；n.中风；笔画 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：stroked 现在分词：stroking 构词解析 词根soke(=touch,触摸)，作动词表”轻抚”，作名词表”中风、笔画”（无前后缀）。 固定搭配：stroke sb.on the head(轻抚某人的头) 例句：She gently stroked the cat's soft fur. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句)：The artist painted with a few quick strokes of the brush 9.vexed /vekst//adj.恼火的 词汇变形 动词形式：vex 名词形式：vexation 构词解析 词根vex(=anoy,使烦恼)：后缀-ed构成形容词（表”感到…的)，-ation构成名词。 例句：He was vexed by the constant noise from the construction site. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：Her(vex)grew as she waited for the delayed train.(答案：vexation) 10.Madame /m3'den/n.夫人，太太 构词解析 源自法语”na dame'”(my lady),表对女性的尊称（无前后缀）。 同类词：Monsieur(先生)、Mademoiselle(小姐) 例句：Madame Curie was a famous scientist who discovered radium, 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册教材例句）：Madame Wang will give a lecture on French literature this Friday. 3 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (of the water in this lake is tested every month. 7.People in modern society often feel a sense of()when facing pressure. 8.The hotel offers a high level of (with its private beaches and butler service. 9.He suffered a()last year and has been recovering slowly. 10. (Smith will host a charity dinner at her mansion next week. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The little girl (instinct)hid behind her mother when she saw the stranger. 7.His argument was so(absurd)that no one took it seriously. 8.The (transparent)of the government's actions has improved public trust. 9.She (lean)against the doorframe,lost in thought. 10.The (luxury)decorated room made her feel like a princess. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他本能地伸手去接掉落的杯子。 He his hand to catch the falling cup. 2.不要对未来绝望，一切都会好起来的。 Never the future;everything will get better. 3.那只瘦猫正倚在墙角晒太阳。 The cat is the corner of the wall,enjoying the sun. 4.她轻抚着狗的头，试图让它平静下来。 She the dogthe head to calm it down 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 Reading is not just a (luxury)but a necessity for personal growth.A (pure)mind can be cultivated through books,which offer (transparent)insights into human nature.When facing difficulties,instead of falling into (despair),we should leamn from characters in stories who never give up.For example,a protagonist might(lean)on his friends for support or act (instinctive)to overcome challenges.Such experiences teach us that even in (absurd) situations,hope exists.Remember,Madame Curie once said,"Nothing in life is to be feared;it is only to be understood." 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.purity 7.despair 8.luxury 9.stroke 10.Madame Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.instinctively 7.absurd 8.transparency 9.leaned/leant 10.luxuriously I完成句子 1.instinctively reached 2.despair of 3.lean;leaning against 4.stroked;on V语篇填空 1.luxury 2.pure 3.transparent 4.despair 5.lean 6.instinctively 7.absurd 5