Unit 6 Space and beyond 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第四册（外研版）

高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 词汇精讲 【Unit6】Space and beyond 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 upwards/'Apwadz/ady.向上，drilling/dlm/n.钻探：勘探excursion/k'sk3:/n.(有特定 朝上 vol(∈volume/'vplju:m)n.(书目的的)短途出行 trench /trentf/n.海沟 的)卷，册 rekindle/ri:'kndl/v.重新激起， equivalent/'kwIvalant/ad.等become accustomed to习惯于 重新唤起 同的：等值的：相当的 (做)某事物 tragically/'traed3kli/adv.悲惨 stack/tekv.(使)整齐地堆notion/'nan/n.概念；观点：地，不幸地 起；摞起 看法 instantaneously /n- furthermor'e/'f3:δamo:r)/adv.hazardous/'haezadas/ad.危险stan'temiasli/adv.瞬间地 此外：而且：不仅如此 的，不安全的 shadow/∫eda/n.坏影响，阴 notable /'nautabl/adj. 重要的：unexceptional /.nik'sepfanl/影 显著的：值得注意的 ad.平常的 cast a shadow on给…蒙上阴 substance/'sAbstans/n.物质 shuttle/'Atl/n.航天飞机 影 vessel/'ves/n.船：舰 the space shuttle航天飞机 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.upwards./'Apwadz/adv.向上，朝上 词汇变形 形容词形式：upward 构词解析 后缀-wards:加在形容词或名词后构成副词，表“向…方向”；-wrd可作形容词后缀，表“向… 的”。 同类词：backward(sg(向后)、forward(S)(向前) 例句：The smoke rose upwards into the sky.. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习）：The path slopes.(upward)all the way to the top of the mountain.(答案：upwards/upward) 2.equivalent/r'kwIvalant/adj.等同的；等值的；相当的 词汇变形 名词形式：equivalence(等同；等值) 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 构词解析 前缀equi-:表“相等、平等”；后缀-valent:来自拉丁语valere(价值)，合表“价值相等的”；名 词形式通过后缀-ence构成。 例句：One hour of exercise is equivalent to300 calories burned. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试）：The new policy is (equivalence)to a tax reduction for small businesses..(答案：equivalent) 3.notable/nautabl/adj.重要的：显著的：值得注意的 词汇变形 名词形式：notability（显著：名人)：动词形式：note(注意；记录) 构词解析 前缀not-:来自拉丁语notare（标记)，后缀-able:表“可…的”，合表“值得标记的”。 同类词：remarkable(显著的)、noticeable(明显的) 例句：The city has made notable progress in environmental protection, 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读填空）：She isa(note)scientist who has published over50 papers.(答案：notable) 4.hazardous/'haezadas/adj.危险的，不安全的 词汇变形 名词形式：hazard(危险：危害) 构词解析 后缀-ouS:加在名词后构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：dangerous（危险的)、poisonous（有毒的) 例句：Working in a chemical factory can be hazardous to health. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇练习）：The workers were trained to handle(hazard materials safely.(答案：hazardous) 5.tragic/'traed3k/adj.悲惨的：悲剧的 词汇变形 副词形式：tragically;名词形式：tragedy(悲剧：灾难) 构词解析 后缀ic:构成形容词，表“与…相关的”；y构成副词：-edy为名词后缀。 例句：The film tells a tragic story of love and loss. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解）：The accident ended」 (tragedy)with three people dead.(答案：tragically) 6.instantaneous/,nstan'teni3s/adj.瞬间的：即刻的 词汇变形 副词形式：instantaneously:名词形式：instant(瞬间) 构词解析 前缀in-:表“否定”；词根stant(站立)；后缀-aneous:.构成形容词，表“具有…特征的”；-y 构成副词。 2 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 例句：The reaction happens almost instantaneous. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空）：The message was sent」 (instantaneous) across the globe.(答案：instantaneously) 7.substance/'SAbstans//n.物质；实质 词汇变形 形容词形式：substantial(大量的；实质的) 构词解析 前缀sub-:表“下；次要”；词根stant(站立)；后缀-ance:构成名词；-ial构成形容词。 例句：The liquid contains a harmful substance that can cause illness. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册完形填空）：The report provides (substance)evidence to support the theory.(答案：substantial) 8.excursion/ik'sk3:n/n.(有特定目的的)短途出行 词汇变形 动词形式：excursion(较少用，表“短途旅行”)：形容词形式：excursive(离题的) 构词解析 前缀ex-:表“向外”；词根curs（跑)：后缀-ion:构成名词，表“动作或结果”。 同类词：course(进程)、occur(发生) 例句：The biology class went on an excursion to the botanical garden. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册写作任务）：We planned an (excursive)to the historical village next weekend.(答案：excursion) 9.rekindle/ri'knd/v.重新激起，重新唤起 词汇变形 名词形式：rekindling(重新点燃) 构词解析 前缀re-:表“再次；重新”；词根kindle(点燃)：后缀-ing构成动名词。 例句：The old photo rekindled her memories of childhood 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册阅读理解）：The meeting helped to (kindle)their interest in environmental protection.(答案：rekindle) l0.shuttle/Atl/n.航天飞机：v.穿梭往返 词汇变形 派生词：shuttlecock(羽毛球)：shuttler(穿梭者) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，为独立词汇，动词形式由名词转化而来，表“像航天飞机一样穿梭”。 The space shuttle carried astronauts to the International Space Station. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册词汇匹配）：The train(shuttle)between the two cities every hour.(答案：shuttles) l1.drilling/'dl/n.钻探：勘探 3 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 词汇变形 动词形式：dil(钻：训练) 构词解析 后缀ing:加在动词后构成名词，表“动作或过程”。 例句：Oil drilling in the ocean can damage marine ecosystems,. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册听力填空）：The company is investing in new (drill) technology..(答案：drilling) 12.stack/stek/v.(使)整齐地堆起；摞起 词汇变形 名词形式：stack(堆：摞) 构词解析 无明显前后缀，动词和名词同形，表“堆叠的动作或结果”。 例句：She stacked the books neatly on the shelf. 真题链接（外研版高中选择性必修第四册语法填空）：The workers (stack)the boxes in the warehouse yesterday..(答案：stacked) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The path slopes (向上)all the way to the top of the mountain 7.The new policy is seen as(to a tax reduction for small businesses. 8.She is a (著名的)scientist who has published over50 papers 9.Workers must wear protective gear when handling _(危险的)materials. 10.The film tells a (悲惨的)story of love and loss during the war 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The smoke rose_ (upward)into the clear blue sky. 2.One hour ofrunning is (equivalence)to burning about 600 calories 3.The city has made (note)progress in reducing air pollution 4.The accident ended(tragedy)with three people losing their lives. 5.The message was sent_ (instantaneous)across the globe via satellite. 6.The report provides (substance)evidence to support the new theory. 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 7.We planned an (excursive)to the nearby botanical garden next weekend. 8.The meeting helped to (kindle)their interest in environmental protection. 9.The train (shuttle)between the two cities every hour on weekdays 10.The company is investing in new (drill)technology to improve efficiency. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这条路一直向上延伸到山顶。 The path slopes the top of the mountain. 2.这项新政策相当于为小企业减税。 The new policy a tax reduction for small businesses. 3.她在环境保护领域取得了显著进展。 She has made in the field of environmental protection. 4.处理危险材料时必须小心谨慎。 It is essential to be cautious when handling 5.事故以三人死亡的悲剧结局告终。 The accident with three people dead. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Oil (drill)in the ocean can be(hazard)to marine ecosystems.Last year,an accident occurred when a drilling platform leaked,causing(tragedy)damage to sea life.Workers tried to stop the leak (instantaneous),but the process took days.Environmentalists noted that the damage was not_ (instantaneous)reversible and would affect the area for decades.Meanwhile, a (note)scientist proposed new safety measures,arguing that stricter rules were (equiv- alence)to protecting both workers and the environment.She emphasized that ignoring such risks would lead to more (tragedy)consequences.Local communities also called for reduced re- liance on fossil fuels,as continued drilling could (kindle)further environmental crises. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.upward/upwards 7.equivalent 8.notable 9.hazardous 10.tragic 5 高中外研版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第四册 Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.upwards/upward 2.equivalent 3.notable 4.tragically 5.instantaneously 6.substantial 7.excursion 8.rekindle 9.shuttles 10.drilling I.完成句子 1.upward all the way to 2.is equivalent to 3.notable progress 4.hazardous materials 5. ended tragically V.语篇填空 1.drilling 2.hazardous 3.tragic 4.instantaneously 5.instantaneously 6.notable 7.equivalent 8.tragic 9.rekindle 6