Unit 4 Natural disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Natural disasters二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 ruin/'ru:m/n.废墟；毁坏t.破bury/'ber/t.埋葬：安葬 苦、悲伤等)受苦受难：受折 坏；毁灭 calm /kam/t.&vi.(使)平磨t.遭受：蒙受 in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 静；（使）镇定adj.平静的：suffer from遭受：患病 survivor/sa'varva(r)/n.幸存者：镇静的；沉着的 unify /'ju:nifar/vi.&vt. 统 生还者：残存物 calm down平静下来：镇定下来一；（使）成一体 shock /fpk/t.使震惊；使惊愕effort/'eft/n.努力；艰难的尝smart/snat/adj.聪明的：机敏 n.震惊：惊愕；休克 试：尽力 的：智能的 electricity/1.lek'trst/n.电；电wisdom/wzdm/n.智慧；才智phone /faun/n.电话；电话机 能 context/'kontekst/n.上下文；语t.&vi.打电话 trap /trap/t.使落入险境；使境 陷入圈套n.险境；陷阱 suffer/'sAfa/vi.(因疾病、痛 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.survivor/s3'vaIva(r)/n.幸存者；生还者：残存物 动词形式：survive(幸存：生还) 构词解析：后缀-0：加在动词后，构成名词，表”做…的人物’。 同类词：inventor(发明家)、visitor(参观者) Only a few survivors were pulled from the ruins after the earthquake. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The little girl managed to__(survivor)the accident and was sent to hospital immediately..(答案：survive) 2.shock/Dk/t.使震惊：使惊愕：n.震惊：惊愕：休克 形容词形式：shocking(令人震惊的)、shocked(感到震惊的) 副词形式：shockingly 构词解析：后缀-ing:修饰物，表”令人…的”；-ed:修饰人，表”感到…的”；y:构成副词。 例句：The news of the accident shocked everyone in the village. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句）：It was shocking to see the city lying in ruins after the war. 3.electricity/,lek'tristr/n.电；电能 形容词形式：electric(电的：电动的)、electrical(与电有关的) 高中必修一人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：词根electr--(电)：后缀-icity:构成抽象名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：elasticity(弹性)、publicity(宣传) 例句：Without electricity,modern life would be very difficult 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：This machine is driven by(electricity)power,,soit's very efficient..(答案：electric) 4.calm /ka:m/t.&vi.(使)平静；（使）镇定；adj.平静的：镇静的：沉着的 副词形式：calmly 名词形式：calmness 构词解析：后缀-y:构成副词；-nss:加在形容词后，构成名词，表”性质、状态”。 固定搭配：calm down(平静下来；镇定下来) 例句：She took a deep breath to calm herself before the speech. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：He remained calm even when facing great danger, 5.effort/'efat/n.努力：艰难的尝试：尽力 动词形式：effort(较少用，意为”努力”)→常用短语make an effort(努力) 形容词形式：effortless(毫不费力的) 构词解析：前缀f(出：加强语气)+词根fot(力量)：后缀less:表”无…的”（反义后缀）。 例句：With great effort,.she finally passed the exam. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：You need to put more_ (effort)into your studies if you want to improve.(答案：effort) 6.wisdom/'wizdam/n.智慧：才智 形容词形式：wise(明智的：有智慧的) 副词形式：wisely 构词解析：后缀-dom:加在形容词后，构成名词，表”状态、性质、领域'。 同类词：freedom(自由)、kingdom(王国) 例句：His words showed great wisdom and experience.. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：It's important to learn from the wisdom of the elderly. 7.suffer/'sf)/vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦：受难：受折磨：t.遭受：蒙受 名词形式：suffering(痛苦；苦难) 形容词形式：sufferable(可忍受的) 构词解析：前缀suf.(在下面)+词根fer(携带)：后缀-ing:构成名词，表？动作、过程”。 固定搭配：suffer from(遭受：患病) 例句：Many people suffered from hunger during the war. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：She has been (suffer)from a bad cold for a week. 案：suffering) 8.unify/'ju:nmfar/vi.&vt.统一；（使）成一体 名词形式：unity(团结：统一) 形容词形式：unified(统一的：一致的) 2 高中必修一人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：前缀ui-(单一；一个)+词根fy(使…化)：后缀y:构成名词，表”性质、状态”； -ed:构成形容词。 例句：The country was unified after years of war.. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The government is trying to promote_(unify)among different ethnic groups.(答案：unity) 9.smart/smat/adj.聪明的；机敏的：智能的 副词形式：smartly 名词形式：smartness 构词解析：后缀-y:构成副词；nss:加在形容词后，构成名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：quickly(快速地)happiness(幸福) 例句：She is always smart enough to solve difficult problems. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：Nowadays,more and more people use smart phones to communicate. l0.phone /f3m/n.电话：电话机；t.&vi.打电话 完整形式：telephone(电话) 合成词：smartphone(智能手机)、headphone(耳机) 构词解析：词根phon-(声音)：tele-(远)→telephone原意为”远距离传声”。 例句：I need to phone my parents to tell them I'llbe late. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：Please give me a (phone)call as soon as you arrive. (答案：phone) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.After the earthquake,.only a few(幸存者)were found in the ruins. 7.The sudden news caused great (震惊)among the crowd. 8.We can't live without()in modern society. 9.She showed great (in solving the difficult problem. 10.The doctor said the patient was in ,_(休克)and needed immediate treatment 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (shock)news made everyone in the room silent. 2.He tried to remain (calm)when he heard the bad news. 3 高中必修一人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.With his great (effort),he finally achieved his goal 4.The government is working to promote national (unify) 5.Many people are(suffer)from the terrible disease. 6.She spoke (wise)about the importance of education. 7.The (survive)told us their stories of the disaster. 8.This new technology makes our life more(convenient)and (efficient). 9.He solved the problem(effortless)with his smart ideas. 10.The (electric)car is becoming more and more popular. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.我们必须努力工作来实现我们的梦想。 We must to achieve our dreams. 2.听到这个消息，她尽力使自己平静下来。 Hearing the news,she tried to 3.他的祖父在战争中幸存下来了。 His grandfather the war. 4.这个国家多年后实现了统一。 The country after many years. 5.她因头痛已经受苦好几天了。 She has been La headache for several days. 6.没有电，我们的生活将非常困难。 our life would be very difficult 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 高中必修一人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 After the terrible earthquake,the city lay in ruins.Many people were trapped under the buildings,but some (survive)managed to get out.The news of the disaster(shock)the whole nation. Without (electric),people had to live in the dark.However,they didn't lose hope.They worked together with great(effort)to rebuild their homes.A wise old man encouraged everyone to stay (calm)and unite as one.With their (unify)efforts,the city gradually came back to life. People learned a lot from this experience and gained more(wise)about life.They realized that only through (cooperate)could they overcome difficulties. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.survivors 7.shock 8.electricity 9.wisdom 10.shock Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.shocking 2.calm 3.effort 4.unity 5.suffering 6.wisely 7.survivors 8.electric 9.effortlessly 10.electric I.完成句子 1.make an effort 2.calm herself down 3.survived 4.was unified 5.suffering from 6. Without electricity V.语篇填空 1.survivors 2.shocked 3.electricity 4.effort 5.calm 6.unified 7.wisdom 8 cooperation 5