Unit 4 Adversity and Courage三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（人教版）

高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇精讲 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 adversity/ed'v3:soti/h.困境：逆 格：具备…的知识（或技能、crush /krAf/vt.毁坏：压坏；压 境 学历等) 碎n.拥挤的人群 wage /werd3/h.工资 enthusiastic /in.Oju:zi'estik/adj.sink /smk/vi.(sank /saenk/or sunk bitter/'bta)/ad.严寒的；激烈热情的：热心的 /sk,snk)沉没：下沉：下降 而不愉快的：味苦的 aboard /a'b:d/adv.&prep.上t.使下沉：使沉没 expedition/,.ekspa'dn/m.探险：（船、飞机、公共汽车等） abandon/A'baendan/t.舍弃：抛 远征；探险队 cupboard/kbdn.橱柜；壁弃；放弃 endur'ance/m'djvarans/n.忍耐橱；衣柜 stove/stauv/n.炉具；厨房灶具 力：耐久力 assign/A'sam/t.分派；布置；分blanket/'blaenkit/n.毯子 vigour/'vIg(r)h.精力：力量：配 belongings /bI'logu四zh.pl,]财 活力 steward/'stju:ad/n.(轮船、飞机物：动产 turn sb down短语拒绝（某人）或火车上的乘务员：服务员 qualified/'kwplrfaId/adj.符合资eny/envi/n.&t.羡慕；妒忌 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.qualified/'kwplrfaId/adj..符合资格：具备…的知识（或技能、学历等） 词汇变形 动词形式：qualify(使合格；取得资格) 名词形式：qualification(资格；学历) 构词解析 前缀-qua.(词根“质量”)+-ify(动词后缀，表“使…化”)一qualify(使符合质量标准→合 格)；形容词后缀-ed表“已完成的状态”→qualified(已具备资格的)。 同类词 simplify(简化)→simplified(简化的)、classify(分类)→classified(分类的) 例句 Only qualified doctors can perform this operation 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) She is highly(qualify)for the job with her advanced degree and work experience.(qualified) 1 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 2.enthusiastic/mθju:zi'estk/adj.热情的：热心的 词汇变形 名词形式：enthusiasm(热情：热忱) 构词解析 前缀cn-(表“使…进入状态”)+词根-hus-(热)+后缀-iastic（形容词后缀，表“充满…的”) →enthusiastic（充满热情的)。 同类词 energy(能量)→energetic(精力充沛的)、sympathy(同情)→sympathetic(同情的) 例句 The teacher gave an enthusiastic welcome to the new students. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) He was enthusiastic about helping others in need. 3.abandon/e'baendon/t.舍弃：抛弃：放弃 词汇变形 名词形式：abandonment(抛弃；放弃) 构词解析 前缀a-(表“加强”)+词根band.(约束)+后缀-on→abandon(解开约束→放弃)。 固定搭配 abandon oneself to(沉溺于…) 例句 They had to abandon the sinking ship immediately. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) The _(abandon)of the project caused a lot of controversy.(abandonment) 4.assign/Asan/t.分派：布置：分配 词汇变形 名词形式：assignment（任务：作业) 构词解析 前缀as-(表“加强")+词根-sign-（标记；指示)一assign（指示给某人→分配)：名词后缀-ment 表“动作的结果或过程”→assignment(分配的任务)。 同类词 appoint(任命)→appointment(约会)、develop(发展)→development(发展) 例句 The teacher assigned us a lot of homework for the weekend. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) The manager assigned each team member a specific task 5.endurance/m'djvarans/n.忍耐力：耐久力 词汇变形 动词形式：endure(忍耐：忍受) 形容词形式：enduring(持久的；不朽的) 2 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 构词解析 前缀en-（表“使…持续”)+词根-dur-(持续)+后缀-ace(名词后缀，表“性质或状态”)→ endurance(持续忍耐的能力)。 同类词 persist(坚持)→persistence(坚持)、resist(抵抗)→resistance(抵抗) 例句 Long-distance running requires great physical endurance. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) Her (endure)in facing difficulties inspired everyone around her.(endurance) 6.bitter/btat)/adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的：味苦的 词汇变形 副词形式：bitterly(痛苦地；激烈地) 名词形式：bitterness(苦味：痛苦) 构词解析 形容词后缀-er表“性质”（此处非比较级）：副词后缀y表“方式”；名词后缀-ness表“抽象状 态”。 固定搭配 bitter cold(严寒)、bitter enemy(死敌) 例句 She cried bitterly when she heard the bad news. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) The bitter wind made it difficult to walk outside 7.sink/skvi.沉没：下沉：下降t.使下沉：使沉没 词汇变形 过去式/过去分词：sank/sunk(下沉)：sunk(沉没) 名词形式：sinking(下沉：凹陷) 构词解析 动词原形sink:名词后缀-ing表“动作或过程”→sinking(下沉的动作)。 例句 The stone sank to the bottom of the lake. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) The _(sink)of the ship was caused by a huge iceberg.(答案：sinking) 8.eny/'envi/n.&t.羡慕：妒忌 词汇变形 形容词形式：envious(羡慕的：妒忌的) 构词解析 名词/动词eny:形容词后缀-ous表“具有…性质的”→envious(充满羡慕的)。 同类词 fame(名声)→famous(著名的)、danger(危险)→dangerous(危险的) 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 例句 She looked at her friend's new car with envy. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习） He was _(eny)of his brother's success in business..(答案：envious) 9.vigorous/Mgar9sadj.精力充沛的：有力的 词汇变形 名词形式：vigour(英式)/vigor(美式)（精力：活力） 构词解析 词根-Vg-(活力)+后缀-ous(形容词后缀，表“充满…的”)→vigorous（充满活力的)。 例句 Regular exercise helps to keep the body vigorous 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) The old man still leads a vigorous life by exercising every day. l0.adversity/ad'v3:sati/h.困境：逆境 词汇变形 形容词形式：adverse(不利的：相反的) 构词解析 前缀ad-(表“朝向”)+词根-vers(转)+名词后缀-ity(表“性质或状态”)→adversity(转向不 利的状态→逆境)：形容词后缀-e表“具有…性质的”→adverse(不利的)。 固定搭配 in adversity(在逆境中) 例句 Her courage in the face of adversity inspired many people. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) They overcame many (adverse)conditions to complete the project.(adverse) 11.expedition/,ekspa'di n/n.探险；远征；探险队 词汇变形 动词形式：expedite(加快；促进) 构词解析 前缀ex-(表“向外”)+词根-ped-(脚)+名词后缀-ition(表“动作或过程”)→expedition(走 出家门→远征)。 同类词 compete(竞争)→competition(比赛)、exhibit(展览)→exhibition(展览) 例句 The expedition to the North Pole took three months. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) The scientists prepared carefully for their Arctic expedition. l2.steward/'stju:adm.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员：服务员 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】Unit4 Adversity and Courage 词汇变形 阴性名词：stewardess(女乘务员；空姐) 构词解析 后缀-ess为阴性名词后缀，表“女性”→stewardess（女乘务员)。 同类词 actor(演员)→actress(女演员)、host(主持人)→hostess(女主持人) 例句 The steward served drinks to the passengers on the plane. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) The (steward)guided the passengers to their seats politely.(stewardess) 13.belongings/br'l1oyzh.pl.]财物：动产 词汇变形 动词形式：belong(属于：应在某处) 构词解析 动词belong(属于)+现在分词后缀-ing作名词性后缀，表“相关事物”，复数形式belongings特指 “个人所属物品”。 固定搭配 belong to(属于…) 例句 Please take care of your personal belongings in public places. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) She left all her belongings to her daughter in her will. 14.crush /krAf/vt.毁坏；压坏：压碎n.拥挤的人群 词汇变形 形容词形式：crushed(压碎的：被压坏的) 构词解析 动词cush:形容词后缀-ed表“已完成的状态”→crushed(被压坏的)。 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (探险队)successfully reached the summit after three days of climbing, 7.A good (乘务员)should always be patient and helpful to passengers. 8.She showed great _(忍耐力)while waiting for the test results. 9.The company's (of the project led to many job losses 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 10.His (for music inspired him to learn the piano at the age of five 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The teacher (assign)a research paper to each student last week. 7.Regular exercise is important for maintaining(vigour)health. 8.The (abandon)house was surrounded by overgrown weeds. 9.She faced many (adversity)in her career but never gave up. 10.The (endure)of the marathon runners amazed the audience. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.只有合格的医生才能进行这项手术。 Only doctors can perform this operation. 6.他热衷于帮助有需要的人。 He helping others in need. 7.长时间跑步需要极大的身体耐力。 Long-distance running great physical 8.他们不得不立即放弃正在下沉的船。 They had to the ship immediately 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 The polar (expedition)team faced extreme challenges.Their (endure)was tested by bitter cold and limited supplies.The(steward)on their ship workedtirelessly to keep everyone safe.One member even (abandon)his personal (belong)to lighten the load.Despite the (adverse)conditions,their (enthusiastic)never faded.They finally completed the journey,proving that (persist)conquers all. 参考答案 6 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】Unit4 Adversity and Courage I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.expedition 7.steward 8.endurance 9.abandonment 10.enthusiasm Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.assigned 7.vigorous 8.abandoned 9.adversities 10.endurance IL.完成句子 5.qualified 6.was enthusiastic about 7.requires;endurance 8.abandon;sinking V.语篇填空 1.expedition 2.endurance 3.steward 4.abandoned 5.belongings 6.adverse 7. enthusiasm 8.persistence 7