Unit 3 Sports and fitness二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中英语人教 【必修一】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 必修一 【Unit3】Sports and fitness二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 honour/ona()/n.荣誉；尊敬；injure/'md3a()/t.使受伤；损failure/ferlja()/n.失败；失败 荣幸 害 的人（或事物） glory/glb/n.荣誉；光荣：赞injured/nd3ad/adj.受伤的；有compete /kam'pi:t/vi.竞争：对 美 伤的 抗 medal/med()l/n.奖章；勋章injury/'md3r/n.伤：损害 competition kompr'tifan/n. championship'tfaempianfip/n.captain/kaptm/n.队长；船长：赛；竞赛；竞争 锦标赛；冠军赛：冠军称号 机长 competitor /kam'petita(r)/n. determination/d,t3mr'neifan/lose heart丧失信心：泄气 争者：对手 n.决心；决定 graceful'grersfol/adj.优美的；pIr'etend /pri'tend/vi.&t.假装； apart为pat/adv.分离；分开：优雅的 装扮 成碎片 strength/stre)0/n.力量；体力；pretend to do sth.假装做某事 fall apart破裂；破碎；崩溃 强项 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.honour/'pna)/n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸 形容词形式：honourable(光荣的：可敬的) 构词解析：后缀-bl:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”具有…性质的：值得…的”。 同类词：comfortable(舒适的)、reasonable(合理的) 例句：It is an honourable thing to help those in need. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：He received an (honour)award for his contributions to science.(答案：honourable) 2.glory/glbn.荣誉；光荣：赞美 形容词形式：glorious（光荣的：辉煌的) 构词解析：后缀-0S:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”充满…的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：dangerous(危险的)、famous(著名的) 例句：The team won a glorious victory in the championship. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：They fought for the glory of their country. 1 高中英语人教 【必修一】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.injure/'Ind3a()/t.使受伤：损害 形容词形式：injured(受伤的：有伤的) 名词形式：injury(伤；损害) 构词解析：后缀-d:加在动词后，构成形容词，表”已…的；被…的”；y:构成名词，表”状 态、结果”。 例句：The doctor treated the injured players after the game. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：He suffered a serious (injure)in the accident and had to stay in hospital.(答案：injury) 4.compete/kam'pi:t/i.竞争：对抗 名词形式：competition(比赛；竞赛)、competitor(竞争者；对手) 形容词形式：competitive(竞争的；有竞争力的) 构词解析：前缀com-:表”共同、一起’；后缀-ition:构成名词，表”动作、过程”；-itor:表”人”； -itive:构成形容词。 例句：Athletes from all over the world came to compete in the Olympics, 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：There will be a singing__(compete)in our school next nonth.(答案：competition) 5.determination/d,t3mr'nen/n.决心；决定 动词形式：determine(决定；确定) 形容词形式：determined(坚决的：有决心的) 构词解析：前缀de-:表”加强”；后缀-ation:构成名词，表”动作、结果”；-ed:构成形容词。 例句：With great determination,she overcame all the difficulties. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句）：His determination to succeed never changed 6.graceful/'greisfol/adj.优美的；优雅的 名词形式：grace(优雅：风度) 副词形式：gracefully(优雅地) 构词解析：后缀-f:加在名词后，构成形容词，表”充满…的”；y:构成副词。 例句：The ballerina danced gracefully on the stage. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：Her_(grace))movements attracted everyone'sattention. (答案：graceful) 7.strength/stre/n.力量：体力；强项 形容词形式：strong(强壮的：强烈的) 副词形式：strongly(强烈地；坚定地) 构词解析：后缀-h:加在形容词后，构成名词，表”性质、状态”。 同类词：length(长度)←-long（长的)、width(宽度)←-wide(宽的) 例句：Regular exercise can build up your strength. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句）：He showed great strength of character during the crisis.. 8.failure/'ferlja(r)/n.失败：失败的人（或事物） 2 高中英语人教 【必修一】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 动词形式：fail（失败：不及格) 构词解析：后缀-re:加在动词后，构成名词，表”动作的结果或状态”。 同类词：pleasure(快乐)←-please(使高兴)、pressure(压力)←-press(按；压) 例句：Failure is the mother of success. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：He didn't give up even after several (fai).（答案： failures) 9.pretend /pri'tend/i.&vt.假装；装扮 形容词形式：pretended(假装的；虚假的) 名词形式：pretence/pretension(假装；伪装) 构词解析：前缀pre-:表”预先、在前”；后缀-ed:构成形容词；-cnce-ion:构成名词。 例句：She pretended to be asleep when her mother came in, 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：He (pretend)to know the answer,but actually he didn' t.(答案：pretended) 10.captain/'kaptm/n.队长；船长；机长 动词形式：captain(担任…的队长/船长) 构词解析：词根capit:表”头”，后缀-ain:表”人”，合为”领头的人”。 例句：He was chosen to captain the school football team. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：The captain of the ship announced that they would arrive at the port soon. 11.apart/'pat/adv.分离；分开；成碎片 形容词形式：apat（分离的：不同的，仅作表语) 固定搭配：fall apart(破裂；崩溃) 构词解析：前缀a-:表”在…状态”；词根pat:表”部分”，合为”处于分离的状态”。 例句：The old bridge fell apart after the heavy rain.. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The two friends were forced to live__(apat)for years. (答案：apart) l2.medal/'med(a)l/n.奖章；勋章 动词形式：medal(获得奖章) 构词解析：后缀-：加在名词后可构成动词，表”授予…奖章”。 例句：She medalled in three events at the national championships.. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句）：He won a gold medal in the Olympic Games. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.Winning the gold medal brought great (荣誉)to her country. 3 高中英语人教 【必修一】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.The (受伤的)soldiers were sent to the hospital immediately.. 8.She showed great (决心)to overcome all difficulties. 9.His (优雅的)movements on the stage impressed everyone. 10.After several (失败)，he finally succeeded in his experiment. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.It is (honour)to be invited to speak at the conference. 7.The team put up a (glory)fight in the final match. 8.The (compete)between the two companies is becoming more and more intense. 9.He made a (determine)effort to improve his English. 10.The athlete has a lot of(strong)and speed. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.那位舞者优雅地跳着舞。 The dancer danced. 6.他因对科学的贡献获得了一项荣誉奖。 He received an for his contributions to science 7.他们为国家的荣耀而战。 They fought for the of their country. 8.这次事故中，他受了重伤。 He suffered a serious in the accident. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A group of athletes gathered to (compete)in the national championships.Each of them had a strong (determine)to win.The (captain)of the team encouraged everyone to try their best.During the competition,one athlete got(injure)and had to stop.However,the others continued with (glory)spirit.Finally,their team won the first prize and each member was awarded a (medal).Their (strong)and teamwork brought (honour)to their school. 4 高中英语人教 【必修一】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.glory 7.injured 8.determination 9.graceful 10.failures Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.honourable 7.glorious 8.competition 9.determined 10.strength I.完成句子 5.gracefully 6.honourable award 7.glory 8.injury V.语篇填空 1.compete 2.determination 3.captain 4.injured 5.glorious 6.medal 7.strength 8.honour 5