Unit 4 Natural disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（人教版）

高中必修一人教 【核心词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 核心词汇 【Unit4】Natural disasters 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 tornado /to:'nerda/n.龙卷风；helicopter/helrkppta(r)/n.直升 destroy/d'stro/vt.摧毁：毁灭 旋风 机 evacuate'vaekjvert/t.疏散； drought/drat/n.旱灾：千旱 death/de0/n.死；死亡 撤出：vi.撤离 landslide'laendslaId/n.(山地或affect/A'fekt/t.影响；（疾病）heal /hi:l/vi.&t.治愈；（使）康 悬崖的)崩塌：滑坡 侵袭；深深打动 复：解决（问题）：消除（分歧） flood /flAd/n.洪水；大量；vi.shelter',∫elta(r)/n.避难处：居quake /kweik/n.震动；地震 淹没：大量涌入；t.使灌满水；所：庇护：t.保护；掩蔽：vi.ubble /'rAb(a)lVn.碎石：瓦砾 淹没 躲避（风雨或危险） rescue/'reskju:/n.&t.营救；救damage/'dend3/n.&vt.损害； 援 损失 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.affect/A'fek/t.影响：（疾病）侵袭：深深打动 词汇变形 名词形式：effect(影响：效果) 形容词形式：effective(有效的) 构词解析 前缀af.(=ad-,表向、对”)+fect(词根，表”做、制造”)：名词形式effect由affect变化后缀而 来；-ive为形容词后缀，表”有…作用的”。 同类词：affection(喜爱，名词)、infect（感染，动词) 例句：The new policy will affect the local economy greatly. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The bad weather had a serious (affect)on the harvest (答案：effect) 2.damage/'daemid3/n.&t.损害；损失 词汇变形 形容词形式：damaged(受损的) 构词解析 词根dam(表”伤害”)+后缀-age(名词后缀，表”行为、结果”)：动词形式与名词同形；-ed构成 高中必修一人教 【核心词汇精讲】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 形容词，表”被…的”。 例句：The storm caused great damage to the village. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：The flood damaged many houses and roads. 3.destroy/d'stroI/t.摧毁：毁灭 词汇变形 名词形式：destruction(毁灭) 形容词形式：destructive(破坏性的) 构词解析 前缀de-(表”完全、否定”)+struct(词根，表”建造”)+后缀-oy(动词后缀)；-tion构成名词， ive构成形容词。 同类词：construct(建造，动词)一→construction（建设，名词) 例句：The earthquake destroyed the entire town. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：The war brought (destroy)to the country.(答案： destruction 4.evacuate'vaekjoeit/vt.疏散；撤出；vi.撤离 词汇变形 名词形式：evacuation(疏散；撤离) 构词解析 前缀e(=ex-,表”出、外”)+vacu(词根，表”空”)+后缀-ate(动词后缀)；-ation构成名词，表 动作或过程”。 例句：The residents were evacuated before the typhoon arrived, 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：The government ordered people to evacuate the area imme- diately. 5.heal /hi:1/vi.&vt.治愈：（使）康复：解决（问题）：消除（分歧） 词汇变形 名词形式：healing(治愈；康复) 形容词形式：healed(已治愈的) 构词解析 词根heal(表”健康)：-ing可作名词表”行为或过程”，-ed构成形容词表”已完成的”。 例句：Time helps to heal all wounds 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：The doctor said her broken arm would take a month to hea).(答案：heal) 6.death/de9/n.死；死亡 词汇变形 形容词形式：dead(死的) 动词形式：die(死亡) 构词解析 词根die(动词，死亡)一名词death(去e加th构成名词)：形容词dead由die变化后缀而来。 高中必修一人教 【核心词汇精讲】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The old man's death made his family very sad.. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：His dog has been(die)for three years.(答案：dead) 7.rescue/'reskju:/n.&vt.营救；救援 词汇变形 形容词形式：rescued(被营救的) 构词解析 前缀re-（表再次、回)+scue(词根，表”安全”)：动词与名词同形：-ed构成形容词表”被… 的”。 The firefighters carried out a successful rescue of the trapped miners. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句）：They tried their best to rescue the people in the flood, 8.shelter/elta(r)/n.避难处；居所：庇护；t.保护；掩蔽；vi.躲避（风雨或危险） 词汇变形 形容词形式：sheltered(受庇护的；隐蔽的) 构词解析 词根shelter(名词/动词，庇护)：-ed构成形容词，表”处于…状态的”。 例句：The villagers built a shelter for the homeless after the storm. 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习)：Ve took(shelter)under a big tree when it started to rain.(答案：shelter) 9.quake /kweik/n.震动：地震 词汇变形 动词形式：quake（震动：发抖) 衍生词：earthquake(地震，由eath+quake复合而成) 构词解析 quake本身可作名词或动词；复合词earthquake表”地球的震动'即”地震'。 例句：A strong quake hit the area last night 真题链接（人教版高中必修一教材例句)：The earthquake caused many buildings to fall down. 10.ubble/'rAb(a)/n.碎石：瓦砾 词汇变形 动词形式：1 ubble(较少用，表”使成碎石) 构词解析 词根b(摩擦)+后缀ble(名词后缀，表”小物品或状态”)，原指”摩擦产生的碎块”。 例句：The workers removed the rubble from the collapsed building 真题链接（人教版高中必修一同步练习）：After the explosion,the street was coveredwith (rubble) (答案：ubble) 3 高中必修一人教 【核心词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The earthquake caused great (损害)to the city. 7.After the fire,the street was covered with (瓦砾) 8.The government provided (避难处)for the homeless after the flood. 9.The doctor said her injury would take a long time to (治愈) 10.The (of residents was completed before the typhoon arrived. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The bad news had a serious (affect)on her health 7.The storm(destroy)many houses in the village. 8.We need an (effect)way to solve the problem. 9.The (die)of his pet dog made him very sad. 10.The firefighters carried out a successful(rescue)of the trapped children. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.地震摧毁了整个小镇。 The earthquake 6.时间有助于治愈所有伤痛。 Time helps 7.洪水对农田造成了严重损害。 The flood the farmland. 8.政府命令居民立即撤离该地区。 The government ordered the residents immediately. 四、语篇填空 高中必修一人教 【核心词汇精讲】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 A strong earthquake hit the area last night.It (destroy)many buildings,leaving streets covered with (rubble).Local authorities quickly organized the(evacuate)of residents to safe (shelter).Rescue teams worked day and night to save people trapped in the ruins.Doctors and nurses tried their best to (heal)the injured.The(damage)caused by the quake was severe,but with everyone's efforts,the city started to recover slowly. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.damage 7.rubble 8.shelter 9.heal 10.evacuation Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.effect 7.destroyed 8.effective 9.death 10.rescue L.完成句子 5.destroyed the entire town 6.to heal all wounds 7.caused great damage to 8.to evacuate the area V语篇填空 1.destroyed 2.rubble 3.evacuation 4.shelters 5.heal 6.damage 5