Unit 4 Adversity and Courage-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（人教版）

高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 词汇精讲 【Unit4】Adversity and Courage 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 banjo/'bend3a/n.班卓琴（乐genuine/'d3 enjum/adj.真正的：cruel/'kru:al/adj.残酷的：残忍 器) 真诚的；可信赖的 的；冷酷的 miserable/'mizrabl/adj.痛苦的；perseverance/p3:s'vIarans/n.thorough/'θAr3/adj.深入的：彻 令人难受的 毅力：韧性：不屈不挠的精神 底的：细致的 voyage/'vId3/n.&vi.航海；persevere/p3s'vIe)/vi.坚持：furniture/'f3ter)/n.家具 航行 孜孜以求 unfor tunately /An'fo:tfanatli/ nay/'nervi/n.海军；海军部队resolve /rI'zDlv/vi..&t.决定；av.不幸地；遗憾地 decent/di:snt/adj.相当不错的；决心；解决（问题或困难）n.决fortunately/'fo:tfanatli/adv.幸 正派的：得体的 心：坚定的信念 运地 cosy/kavzi/adj..温馨的：舒适resolution/,rez3'lu:fn/n.决议：bark /ba:k/vi..&n.(狗)吠叫： 的 解决：坚定 吠叫声 selfish/'selfi[/adj.自私的 crew/kru:/n.(轮船、飞机等上rugby/'rAgbi/n.橄榄球运动 good/bad-tempered adj.脾气好面的)全体工作人员：专业团队： 的/坏的 群人 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.miserable/'mabl/adj.痛苦的：令人难受的 名词形式：misery 副词形式：miserably 构词解析：后缀-able变体-ible:部分形容词由名词加-able/-ible构成，此处miserable对应名词 misery(痛苦)。 例句：The homeless man spent a miserable winter on the street. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：She felt_misery)after hearing the bad news.(答案： miserable) 2.selfish/'self/adj.自私的 名词形式：selfishness 反义词：selfless(无私的) 构词解析：后缀-ish:加在名词后构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”，如child→childish(幼稚的)。 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 例句：It was selfish of him to take all the cookies without sharing. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句）：Selfish people only care about their own interests. 3.genuine/'d3 enjum/adj.真正的；真诚的 副词形式：genuinely 名词形式：genuineness 构词解析：前缀gen-:表“产生、出生”（如generate产生），-uine为词干，-ly构成副词。 例句：Her genuine smile made everyone feel welcome.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：He (genuine)apologized for his mistake.(答案： genuinely) 4.perseverance/,p3:sI'vIarans/n.毅力：韧性 动词形式：persevere 构词解析：前缀per-:表“贯穿、始终”，-sever意为“坚持”（如severe严厉的），后缀-ance构成 名词。 With perseverance,he finally achieved his dream of becoming a doctor. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句）：Perseverance is the key to success in any field, 5.resolution/reza'lu:n/n.决议；解决 动词形式：resolve 形容词形式：resolute(坚决的) 构词解析：前缀re-:表“再次、加强”，-solve意为“解开”（如solve解决)，后缀-tion构成名词。 例句：The meeting passed a resolution to protect the environment, 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：He(resolve)to work harder next semester..(答案： resolved) 6.unfortunately/n'fb:tfanatli/adv.不幸地 形容词形式：unfortunate 名词形式：misfortune(不幸) 构词解析：否定前缀un-:加在形容词fortunate前表否定，-ly构成副词：fortune(运气)→fortunate (幸运的)→unfortunate（不幸的)。 例句：Unfortunately,the flight was delayed due to bad weather. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)： (fortunate),he missed the last bus and had to walk home.(答案：Unfortunately) 7.fortunately/'fo:tfanatli//adv.幸运地 形容词形式：fortunate 名词形式：fortune(运气；财富) 构词解析：后缀-ate:构成形容词(fortune→fortunate),-y构成副词。 例句：Fortunately,,no one was hurt in the car accident: 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句）：Fortunately,.we arrived at the station just in time for the train. 2 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 8.cruel/'kau:al/adj.残酷的；残忍的 副词形式：cruelly 名词形式：cruelty 构词解析：后缀-al:加在名词或动词后构成形容词，如nation-一→national(国家的)，此处cuel对应 名词cruelty。 例句：It is cruel to treat animals badly. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：The king ruled_(cuel)and people suffered a lot.(答 案：cruelly) 9.thorough/'0r3/adj.深入的；彻底的 副词形式：thoroughly 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词后构成副词，thorough本身源于古英语“穿过”，表“完全通过”。 例句：The detective made a thorough investigation of the case. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：You need to clean the room_(thorough)before the guests arrive.(答案：thoroughly) 10.decent/'di:snt/adj.相当不错的；得体的 名词形式：decency 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下、完全”，-cent意为“合适的”（如recent最近的)，-cy构成名词。 例句：He always wears decent clothes to formal occasions. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句)：It's important to treat others with decency and respect. 11.coy/kavzi/adj.温馨的：舒适的 副词形式：cosily 名词形式：cosiness 构词解析：后缀-y:加在名词后构成形容词，表“充满…的”，如sn→suny(晴朗的)，iy构 成副词。 例句：We sat by the fire in the cosy living room. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习）：The cabin was__(cosy)decorated for Christmas. (答 案：cosily) 12.nay/'nervi/n.海军 形容词形式：naval(海军的) 构词解析：词根nav-:表“船、航行”（如navigation航海），-y构成名词，-al构成形容词。 例句：His father served in the navy for20 years.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句)：The naval forces protected the country's coastline. 13.bark /ba.k/vi.&n.(狗)吠叫 名词复数：baks(吠叫声) 构词解析：拟声词转化：bak源于狗吠的声音，可作动词或名词。 例句：The dog barked loudly at the stranger. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习)：We heard the__(bark)of dogs from the backyard.(答 3 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 案：barks) 14.rugby/'rAgbi//n.橄榄球运动 构词解析：专有名词转化：Rgby原是英国地名，因该地学校首创此运动而得名，首字母小写后泛 指“橄榄球”。 例句：He plays rugby for the school team every weekend. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句）：Rugby is a popular sport in many English-speaking countries.. 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The team showed great (毅力)to win the tough match. 2.Her (真诚)made everyone trust her immediately.. 3.The (protected the country's coastal areas during the war. 4.His (自私)led to the failure of the team project,. 5.The old woman lived in (痛苦after her only son passed away. 6.We need a (彻底的)clean-up before the party starts. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.She (genuine)cares about the homeless and volunteers every weekend. 2.The king ruled (cruel),causing suffering to the people. 3.After the storm,the villagers tried to rebuild their homes with (persevere). 4.He(resolve)to give up smoking after his health check. 5.The room was (cosy)decorated with warm lights and soft blankets. 6. (fortune),the lost child was found by a kind stranger. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.不幸的是，他的计划因天气原因失败了。 his plan failed due to the weather. 2.她以得体的举止赢得了所有人的尊重。 She won everyone's respect with 高中选修3人教 【词汇精讲】 Unit 4 Adversity and Courage 3.这个侦探对案件进行了彻底的调查。 The detective made a of the case 4.只有通过毅力，我们才能实现目标。 Only with can we achieve our goals. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Tom was once a_ (misery)boy.His parents'divorce left him feeling lonely and (selfish). He refused to share with others and often argued with classmates.One day,his teacher talked to him about the importance of(genuine)and kindness.She said," (fortune),you still have a chance to change..” Inspired by her words,Tom decided to change.He joined the school rugby team to learn teamwork. With (persevere),he became a key player.His teammates praised his_ (resolve)and sportsmanship.Gradually,Tom became more outgoing and(decent).He even helped a new student who was being bullied,showing no (cruel). Now,Tom is no longer the lonely boy.His story teaches us that (kind)and perseverance can turn a miserable life into a happy one. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.perseverance 2.genuineness 3.navy 4.selfishness 5.misery 6.thorough I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.genuinely 2.cruelly 3.perseverance 4.resolved 5.cosily 6.Fortunately L.完成句子 1.Unfortunately 2.decent behavior 3.thorough investigation 4.perseverance V.语篇填空 1.miserable 2.selfish 3.genuineness 4.Fortunately 5.perseverance 6.resolve 7 decent 8.cruelty 9.kindness J