Unit 5 Poems三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（人教版）

高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit5】Poems三 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 prose/prauz/n.散文 /san/or sowed)播种：种 adv.(用于问句)究竟在（到）哪 sympathetic/,smp3'0 etik/ad.seed/sid/n.种子；起源；萌芽里 同情的；有同情心的：赞同的dominant/'dominant/adj.首要barren/'bern/adj.贫瘠的；不 sympathy/simpa0i/n.同情；赞的：占支配地位的：显著的 结果实的 同 sonnet/.'Spnit//n.十四行诗 grief/gri:ffn.悲伤：悲痛：伤心 version/'v3n/n.版本；（从不deadline/dedlam/n.最后期限；事 同角度的)说法 截止日期 complicated /'komplikeitid/adj. innocence/'nasns/n.天真；单contest/'kpntest/n.比赛；竞赛；复杂的；难懂的 纯：无罪 竞争kan'test/t.争取赢得（比variation/veari'eIfn/n.变化： innocent/'nasnt/adj.天真无邪赛、选举等)：争辩 变体：变奏曲 的：无辜的；无恶意的 polish/'pDlt.修改；润色：抛racial're/ad.种族的：人种 era/'Iara/n.时代；年代；纪元光n.上光剂；抛光：擦亮 的 correspondence/kDr3'sppndans/string/str四/n.细绳；线；一串prejudice/'pred3dsln.偏见： n.来往信件：通信联系 t.(strung/str/,strung)悬挂；成见t.使怀有（或形成）偏见 correspond/kDr3'sppnd/vi..相系adj.弦乐器的：线织的 一致；符合；相当于：通信 wherever /wer'eva)/conj.在任 sow/s/vt.&vi.(sowed,,sowm何地方；在所有…的情况下 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.sympathetic/.smp3'etk/adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的 词汇变形 名词形式：sympathy(同情；赞同) 构词解析 后缀-etic:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“与…相关的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：energetic(精力充沛的)、enthusiastic(热情的) 例句 She was sympathetic to my situation and offered to help 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习） We should be(sympathy)to those who are in trouble.(sympathetic) 高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 2.innocent/'nasnt/adj.天真无邪的：无辜的：无恶意的 词汇变形 名词形式：innocence(天真；单纯；无罪) 构词解析 前缀in-:表“不、无”；后缀-ent:构成形容词；-ence:构成名词，表“性质、状态”。 同类词：independent(独立的)→independence(独立) 例句 The innocent child had no idea what was happening. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) He insisted on his innocence and finally proved it. 3.correspond/,kDra'sppnd/vi.相一致；符合：相当于；通信 词汇变形 名词形式：correspondence(来往信件：通信联系) 形容词形式：corresponding(相应的：符合的) 构词解析 前缀cor-(=com-,表“共同”)：词根respond(回应)：后缀-ence:构成名词；-ing:构成形容词。 例句 Her actions do not correspond with her words 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) We have kept _(correspond)with each other for many years.(答案：correspondence) 4.dominant/dominant/adj.首要的：占支配地位的：显著的 词汇变形 动词形式：dominate(支配；控制) 名词形式：dominance(支配地位：优势) 构词解析 词根domin(统治)：后缀-ant:构成形容词；-ate:构成动词；-ance:构成名词。 同类词：important(重要的)→importance(重要性) 例句 English is a dominant language in international communication. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) The company (dominant)the market for many years.(答案：has dominated) 5.contest/'kpntest//n.比赛；竞赛；竞争kan'test/t.争取赢得：争辩 词汇变形 形容词形式：contestable(可争辩的：可竞争的) 构词解析 前缀con-(表“共同”)：词根test(测试；证明)：后缀-able:构成形容词，表“可…的”。 例句 She decided to contest the election for class president. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) 2 高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 There will be a writing contest in our school next month. 6.polish/'polt.修改：润色：抛光n.上光剂：抛光；擦亮 词汇变形 形容词形式：polished(抛光的：精炼的) 构词解析 后缀-ed:构成形容词，表“已完成的；具有…特征的”。 例句 He spent hours polishing his essay before submission 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) Her _(polish)performance won the audience's applause.(答案：polished) 7.complicated/'komplikertid/adj..复杂的：难懂的 词汇变形 动词形式：complicate(使复杂；使难懂) 名词形式：complication(复杂情况：并发症) 构词解析 前缀com-(表“共同”)：词根plic(折叠)：后缀-ate:构成动词；-ed:构成形容词；-ion:构成名词。 同类词：separate(分开)→separation(分离) 例句 The problem is more complicated than we thought 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) Don't (complicated)the issue;let's keep it simple.(complicate) 8.racial/'rer/adj.种族的：人种的 词汇变形 名词形式：race(种族；人种) 构词解析 后缀il:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“与…相关的”。 同类词：culture(文化)→cultural(文化的) 例句 We should fight against racial discrimination 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句) Racial harmony is essential for a peaceful society. 9.prejudice/pred3wds/n.偏见；成见t.使怀有偏见 词汇变形 形容词形式：prejudiced(有偏见的) 构词解析 前缀pre-(表“预先”)；词根judice(判断)：后缀-ed:构成形容词，表“具有…特征的”。 例句 His prejudice against foreigners made it hard for him to make friends. 3 高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) We should avoid being (prejudice)towards others..(答案：prejudiced) 10.variation/veari'eun/n.变化：变体：变奏曲 词汇变形 动词形式：vay(变化：改变) 形容词形式：various（各种各样的) 构词解析 词根vai(变化)；后缀-ation:构成名词；-ous:构成形容词，表“多…的”。 例句 There are many variations of this traditional song 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习） The weather (variation)a lot in spring.(答案：varies) l1.grief/gri:f/n.悲伤：悲痛：伤心事 词汇变形 形容词形式：grievous(严重的：令人悲伤的) 构词解析 后缀-o$:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“充满…的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：danger（危险)→dangerous(危险的) 例句 She couldn't hide her grief after the loss of her pet 真题链接（人教版高中选修3同步练习) The news brought._(grief)to the whole family..(答案：grief) l2.sonnet/'SpnIt/n.十四行诗 词汇变形 衍生词：sonneteer(十四行诗作者) 构词解析 后缀-eer:表“从事…的人”。 同类词：engineer(工程师)、volunteer(志愿者) 例句 Shakespeare wrote many famous sonnets. 真题链接（人教版高中选修3教材例句)） The poem we are learning today is a sonnet by Petrarch. 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Her words showed great (同情)for the homeless children.. 高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 2.The suspect insisted on his (无罪)during the trial. 3.We have maintained (通信)with each other since college. 4.The company has maintained its_(支配地位)in the market for decades. 5.The artist spent hours on the (▣色)of her painting before the exhibition. 6.The doctor warned about possible (并发after the surgery. 7. (种族的)discrimination is prohibited by law in many countries. 8.She couldn't hide her (悲伤)at her grandfather's funeral. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.We should be (sympathy)to those who are suffering from illness. 2.The witness provided (innocence)evidence to prove the man's guilt 3.Her actions do not (correspond)with her promises. 4.Technology (dominant)almost every aspect of modern life now. 5.The (complicated)of the problem surprised everyone in the meeting 6.His (polish)speech left a deep impression on the audience 7.The (prejudice)remarks sparked a heated debate online. 8.Prices of vegetables (variation)with the seasons. 9.The novel explores themes of love and (grief) 10.Shakespeare is famous for his (sonnet)and plays. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他的意见与大多数人的意见不一致。 His opinion does not the majority's view. 2.这家公司多年来一直主导着这个行业。 The company has for many years. 3.不要让这个简单的问题复杂化。 Don't this simple problem. J 高中选修3人教 【寒假专版】 ,E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.我们应该反对任何形式的种族歧视。 We should fight against any form of 5.她对不同文化的偏见影响了她的判断。 Her different cultures influenced her judgment. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Reading classic literature can help us understand human emotions better.For example,many poems express deep (grief)and joy,allowing readers to connect with the authors'feelings.Some characters in novels show great. (sympathy)for others,teaching us to be kind.However,the plots of some stories are so (complicated)that we need to read them carefully to follow the development. In history,certain languages became (dominant)due to political and economic reasons.En- glish,for instance,has (correspond)with many cultures,absorbing words from other lan- guages.This process didn't happen overnight;it took centuries of development. Writers often spend a lot of time (polish)their works to make them perfect.A well-written story can challenge our (prejudice)and expand our minds.So,let's keep reading and exploring the world through books. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.sympathy 2.innocence 3.correspondence 4.dominance 5.polish 6.complication 7.Racial 8.grief Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.sympathetic 2.innocent 3.correspond 4.dominates 5.complication 6.polished 7.prejudiced 8.vary 9.grief 10.sonnets L.完成句子 1.correspond with 2.dominated the industry 3.complicate 4.racial discrimination 5 prejudice against V.语篇填空 1.grief 2.sympathy 3.complicated 4.dominant 5.corresponded 6.polishing prejudice 6