Unit 5 Working the Land三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（人教版）

高中选修一人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit5】Working the Land三 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 organic /5:'gaenik/adj.有机的：t.领会；领悟：I'dard3est/n.摘instance/'mnstans/n.例子：实 不使用化肥的；有机物的 要；文摘 例：事例 pesticide/'pestisaid/n.杀虫剂；essential'sen/adj.完全必要for instance例如；比如 除害药物 的：极其重要的 depth/dep/n.向下（或向里） widespread/'waIdspred/adj.分mineral/'mineral/n.矿物；矿物的距离；深（度） 布广的：普遍的：广泛的 质 root/ru:t//n.根；根茎：根部：根 bacterium /bak'trariam/n.(pl.alternative/p:l't3natv/n.可供源 -ria/Aria)细菌 选择的事物：adj.可供替代的：entirely/m'tareli/adv.全部地： nurn相应地：转而；依次：轮非传统的 完整地：完全地 流 grocery/'gr3Us3ri/n.食品杂货aspect/'aespekt/n.方面；层面 digest /dar'd3est/t.&vi.消化：店；[pl]食品杂货 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.organic:'gaenik/adj..有机的：不使用化肥的：有机物的 名词形式：organism（生物：有机体) 构词解析：前缀organ--:表示“器官：有机”；后缀-ic:加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关 的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：biologic(生物的)、metallic(金属的) 例句：Organic farming avoids using harmful chemicals,. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：_(organ)food is becoming more popular because of its health benefits.(答案：Organic) 2.pesticide/'pestisaid/n.杀虫剂；除害药物 构词解析：前缀pest-:表示“害虫”；后缀-cide:表“杀…剂”（如suicide自杀，homicide杀人）。 同类词：insecticide(杀虫剂)、herbicide(除草剂) 例句：Farmers use pesticides to protect crops from pests. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一教材例句)：Overuse of pesticides can harm the environment and human health. 高中选修一人教 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.widespread'waIdspred/adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的 构词解析：前缀wide-:表示“宽的：广泛的”；后缀-spread:表“传播：分布”（合成形容词）。 同类词：well-known(著名的)、far-reaching(深远的) 例句：This disease is widespread in rural areas. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：The(wide)use of smartphones has changed people's daily life.(答案：widespread) 4.bacterium /baek'trariam/n.(pl.-ria /-ri/) 复数形式：bacteria 构词解析：后缀-ium:构成名词，表“元素：微生物”（复数常变为-ia)。 同类词：medium（媒介，pl.media)、aluminum(铝) 例句：Bacteria in the soil help plants absorb nutrients.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一教材例句)：Some bacteria are harmful,while others are beneficial to humans. 5.digest/dar'd3est/t.&vi.消化；t.领会；领悟；/'dard3est/n.摘要；文摘 名词形式（消化）：digestion 形容词形式：digestive(消化的) 构词解析：前缀di-:表示“分开；完全”；后缀-est:构成动词，表“处理；消化”：名词形式中-est 变为-est(重音变化)。 例句：It takes hours to digest a big meal.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：The_(digest)system is responsible for breaking down food.(答案：digestive) 6.essential/'sen/adj.完全必要的：极其重要的 名词形式：essence(本质；精华) 构词解析：前缀ess-:表示“存在；本质”；后缀-ential:构成形容词，表“本质的：必要的”。 同类词：potential(潜在的)、influential(有影响力的) 例句：Water is essential for all living things.. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：Regular exercise is(essence)to maintaining good health.(答案：essential) 7.miner al/'mmnaral/n.矿物：矿物质 构词解析：前缀miner-:表示“矿：刊矿物”；后缀-al:构成名词，表“物；人”。 同类词：animal(动物)、festival(节日) 例句：Milk is rich in minerals like calcium. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一教材例句)：Plants get minerals from the soil through their roots. 8.alternative/bl't3:natIv//n.可供选择的事物；ad.可供替代的；非传统的 动词形式：alternate(交替；轮流) 构词解析：前缀ater-:表示“改变；其他”；后缀-ative:构成形容词或名词，表“具有…性质的； 事物”。 高中选修一人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：We need to find an alternative solution to this problem. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：Do you have any (alternate)plans if it rains tomorrow? (答案：alternative) 9.grocery/'grausari/n.食品杂货店：[pl.]食品杂货 构词解析：前缀gross-:表示“总的：大量的”；后缀-y:构成名词，表“场所：行业”。 同类词：bakery(面包店)、stationery(文具店) 例句：She went to the grocery to buy some vegetables 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习）：My mother often does (grocery)shopping on weekends (答案：grocery) 10.depth/depe/n.向下（或向里）的距离：深（度） 形容词形式：deep 副词形式：deeply 构词解析：后缀-h:加在形容词后构成名词，表“性质：状态：程度”。 同类词：length（长度)、width(宽度) 例句：The depth of the river is about5 meters. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：He dived into the water to a(deep)ofl0 meters..(答 案：depth) 11.entirely/m'tarli/adv.全部地：完整地；完全地 形容词形式：entire 构词解析：前缀n-:表示“使…；完全”；后缀-y:加在形容词后构成副词。 例句：I entirely agree with your opinion. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一同步练习)：The project was (entire)finished ahead of schedule (答案：entirely) l2.aspect/'espekt/n.方面；层面 构词解析：前缀a-:表示“朝向：在…方面”；词根spect-:表示“看”（如inspect检查，respect 尊敬)。 同类词：perspective(视角)、prospect(前景) 例句：We need to consider every aspect of the problem. 真题链接（人教版高中选修一教材例句)：Technology has changed many aspects of our daily life. 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.Organic farming avoids using harmful (杀虫剂) 2.The (深度)of the lake is measured to be20 meters. 高中选修一人教 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.Minerals are (必不可少的)for maintaining healthy bones. 4.She bought fresh vegetables from the local (食品杂货店) 5.We need to consider every (方面)of the problem before making a decision. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The (digest)system breaks down food into energy. 2.Overuse of chemicals has led to (wide)pollution in rural areas. 3.Some (bacterium)are used in making yogurt and cheese. 4.He (entire)forgot about the meeting yesterday. 5.We should explore」 (alternate)ways to reduce plastic waste. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.有机食品因为健康益处越来越受欢迎。 food is becoming more popular because of its health benefits 2.农民使用杀虫剂保护作物免受害虫侵害。 Farmers use to protect crops from pests. 3.智能手机的广泛使用改变了人们的生活。 Theuse of smartphones has changed people's life 4.细菌在土壤中帮助植物吸收养分。 in the soil help plants absorb nutrients. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 高中选修一人教 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 Organic farming is a method that avoids synthetic chemicals.Farmers who practice it do not use (pesticide)and focus on natural fertilizers.This approach has become (wide)accepted because it protects the environment and ensures food safety. In organic soil,(bacterium)play a key role in breaking down organic matter.They help plants absorb (mineral)and improve soil health.For humans,organic food is richer in nutrients, which are (essence)for digestion. Some people choose organic food as an(alternate)to conventional products.They often buy it from local (grocery)stores to support small farmers.However,the (deep)of under- standing about organic farming varies among consumers. 参考答案 I根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.pesticide 2.depth 3.essential 4.grocery 5.aspect Ⅱ用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.digestive 2.widespread 3.bacteria 4.entirely 5.alternative I.完成句子 1.Organic 2.pesticides 3.widespread 4.Bacteria V,语篇填空 1.pesticides 2.widely 3.bacteria 4.minerals 5.essential 6.alternative 7.grocery 8.depth 5