Unit 3 Charity A部分-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（沪外版）

高中沪外版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 词汇精讲 【Unit3】Charity A部分 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 prompt /prompt/v.促使；导致 empathy/'empa0i/n.同感；同推销员 drugstore/'drAgsto/n.(兼售化情 complain /kom'plem/v.抱怨，投 妆品等的)药房 tricky/'trki/adj.难办的；难对诉 clerk /kla:k/n.店员：售货员 付的 council/'kaonsl/n.政务委员会； supply/s3'pla/n.补给品；供应homeless/'haumlas/adj..无家的委员会 量：储备 misfortune/,msfo:tiun/n.厄venue/'venju:/n.活动场地 excess/k'ses/adj.额外的：超额运；不幸 remark /rI'mak/n.谈论，言论； 的：过度的 slip /slrp/v.陷入（困境）：滑倒；v.说起，评论 cash /ka/n.现金 滑跤 towel/'taal/n.毛巾，抹布，纸巾 mor al/mprl/adj.道德的 salesman/'serlzman/n.售货员， 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.clerk /kla:k/n.店员：售货员 动词形式：clerk(当店员，较少用) 构词解析：后缀-：加在动词后构成名词，表”做…的人”，此处直接作名词”店员”。 同类词：worker(工人)、teacher(教师) 例句：The clerk in the drugstore helped me find the right medicine, 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The(clerk)at the counter smiled and asked if I needed help.(答案：clerk) 2.supply /s3pla/n.补给品：供应量；储备 动词形式：supply(供应：提供) 形容词形式：supplied(被供应的) 构词解析：前缀sp-(=b-,表”下、次”)+ply（折叠、增加)，原义”叠加上去”，引申为”供应”。 固定搭配：supply sth.tosb.=supply sb.with sth.(向某人提供某物) 例句：The government will supply food and water to the homeless people. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：We need to ensure a steady一(supply)of fresh vegetables during the winter..（答案：supply) 高中沪外版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 3.excess/k'ses/adj..额外的：超额的：过度的 名词形式：excess(过量：超过) 构词解析：前缀ex-(表”出、超过”)+css(走)，字面义”走出界限的'，即过度的'。 同类词：exceed(超过，v)、access(进入，n.) 例句：You should avoid eating excess sugar to keep healthy. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The company was fined for dumping (excess)waste into the river.(答案：excess) 4.moral/'mpral/adj.道德的 名词形式：morality(道德；道德观) 副词形式：morally(道德上) 构词解析：后缀-al:加在名词后构成形容词，表”与…有关的”，此处”mora”直接源自拉丁语”moralis'” (道德的)。 同类词：natural(自然的)、cultural(文化的) 例句：It is our moral duty to help those in need. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The story teaches us an important (moral) lesson about honesty.（答案：mnoral) 5.homeless/'haumlas/adj..无家的 名词形式：homelessness（无家可归) 构词解析：前缀home-(家)+less(表”无…的”，否定后缀)，构成形容词”无家的”。 同类词：careless(粗心的)、hopeless（绝望的) 例句：Many volunteers are working to help homeless people find shelter. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The local council has set up a shelter for the (homeless).(答案：homeless) 6.misfortune/,mIs'f:tun/n.厄运；不幸 形容词形式：unfortunate（不幸的) 副词形式：unfortunately(不幸地) 构词解析：前缀mis-(表”错误；坏的”)+fortune(运气)，即’坏运气”，引申为”厄运”。 同类词：misunderstand(误解)、mislead(误导) Her misfortune began when she lost her job and home in the same week. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：(fortune),he slipped and fell on the wet floor..(答案：Unfortunately) 7.complain /kam'plem/v.抱怨，投诉 名词形式：complaint(抱怨；投诉) 构词解析：前缀com-(表”一起)+plain(捶打：抱怨)，原义”一起捶打（发泄不满）”，即抱怨”。 固定搭配：complain to sb.about sth.(向某人抱怨某事) 例句：She went to the manager to complain about the poor service. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The customer made a (complain)about the broken product.(答案：complaint) 2 高中沪外版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 8.remark/r'mak/n.谈论，言论：V.说起，评论 名词形式：remark(（言论，同形) 形容词形式：remarkable(显著的；值得注意的) 构词解析：前缀re(表”再：重新)+mak(做标记)，原义”再次标记”，引申为”评论：注意”。 例句：The teacher remarked that the student had made great progress. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：Her(remark)on the book sparked a lively discussion in class.(答案：remark) 9.towel/'ta5l/n.毛巾，抹布，纸巾 动词形式：towel（用毛巾擦，v.) 构词解析：源自法语toie”(布)，后演变为'towel'',无明显前后缀，直接作名词。 例句：Ie dried his hands with a towel after washing them 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Please bring a(towel)and a swimsuit to the pool.(答案：towel) l0.prompt/prompt/v.促使；导致 形容词形式：prompt(迅速的：及时的) 副词形式：promptly(迅速地) 构词解析：前缀pro-(表”向前；预先”)+pt(可move,移动)，原义”使向前移动”，即”促使”。 例句：The news prompted her to call her family immediately, 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The manager asked us to give a一(prompt) response to the customer's email.(答案：prompt) 11.slip/slp/v.陷入（困境）：滑倒；滑跤 名词形式：sp(滑倒：小错误) 形容词形式：slippery(滑的) 构词解析：后缀-pey:加在动词后构成形容词，表”易于…的'，此处”slippery”(滑的)由”slip” 派生。 例句：Be careful not to slip on the wet floor. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：She had a_(slip)and fell down the stairs,. but luckily she wasn'thut.(答案：slip) l2.empathy/enp0i/n.同感；同情 形容词形式：empathetic（有同感的：同情的) 构词解析：前缀cm-(=en-,表”使…进入”)+pathy(感情)，即”进入他人的感情”’，引申为”同 感”。 同类词：sympathy(同情，n.)、pathetic(可怜的，adj.) Teachers should show empathy towards students who are struggling. 真题链接（沪外版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Her(empathy)for the homeless child moved everyone around her.(答案：empathy) 3 高中沪外版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The shop needs a new (店员)to help with sales during weekends. 2.We should save water to ensure a sufficient (供应)for future generations.. 3.Eating too much (a额外的)salt can increase the risk of health problems. 4.It is a (道德的)responsibility to protect the environment. 5.The community organized a charity event to help (无家可归的)people. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The customer made a(complain)about the delayed delivery. 2.Her (remark)on the new policy led to a heated debate among the team. 3.The manager praised her for her_ (prompt)response to the emergency. 4.He showed great (empathy)towards the victims of the natural disaster. (fortune),the heavy rain prevented us from attending the outdoor concert. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.政府承诺向灾区提供食物和水。 The government promised to food and water the disaster area 2.她因为地板湿滑而滑倒了，但没有受伤。 She on the wet floor but wasn't hurt. 3.老师的鼓励促使他更加努力学习。 The teacher's encouragement him work harder. 4.志愿者们正在为无家可归者建造shelters。 Volunteers are building shelters for 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 4 高中沪外版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第二册 A young man named Tom once faced a series of (misfortune).He lost his job and became (home)overnight.One cold evening,he met akind (clerk)at a convenience store who offered him a cup of hot coffee and listened to his story with(empathy).The clerk's kindness (prompt)Tom to stop(complain)and start looking for solutions. With the clerk's advice,Tom began to volunteer at a local shelter,where he developed a strong sense of(moral)responsibility.His hard work and positive attitude soon caught the attention of a shelter director,who offered him a job.(remark),Tom not only regained stability but also inspired others with his resilience. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.clerk 7.supply 8.excess 9.moral 10.homeless L.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.complaint 7.remark 8.prompt 9.empathy 10.Unfortunately I.完成句子 5.supply,to 6.slipped 7.prompted;to 8.the homeless V.语篇填空 1.misfortunes 2.homeless 3.clerk 4.empathy 5.prompted 6.complaining 7 moral 8.Remarkably 5