Unit 2 Things that matter 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 选择性必修第三册词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 2 【Unit2】Things that matter 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 fright /frart//n.惊吓：恐怖 建议等) exhibition/,eks'bn/n.展览； shark /fa:k/n.鲨鱼 platform/'plaetfo:m/n.站台 展出 Iuu:/n.流行性感冒；流感 slip /slrp/v.迅速放置：悄悄塞；gallery/'galri/n.(艺术作品) irus'var3sn.病毒：滤过性 偷偷放 陈列室，展览馆：画廊 病毒 folder/faulda(r)/n.文件夹；纸delay/d'le/n.延迟（或耽搁、 tobacco/ta'bekU/n.烟草 夹 拖延)的时间 astonish/a'stonif/v.使十分惊initial /'nf/n.(名字的)首字applicant/'eplikant/n.申请人 讶：使大为惊奇 母：adj.最初的：开始的：第一（尤指求职、进高等院校等） criterion /kraI'tIarian/n.(pl.cri- pour /p:c)/V.(雨)倾盆而下 teria)标准；准则 guilty/'grlti/adj.感到内疚的；laptop/'laeptop/n.便携式电脑： mask /ma:skn.面具：面罩 感到惭愧的 笔记本电脑 submit/sab'mt/v.呈递（文件、tube /tju:b/n.伦敦地下铁道 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.astonish/A'stDnIf/v.使十分惊讶：使大为惊奇 词汇变形 形容词形式：astonished(感到惊讶的)、astonishing(令人惊讶的) 名词形式：astonishment 构词解析 后缀-h:加在名词后构成动词，表”使”：-ed表”感到…的”（修饰人)：-ing表”令人… 的”（修饰事物）：-ment构成名词，表”状态、结果”。 例句：The news astonished everyone in the room. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：We were (astonish)to hear that he had won the competition.(答案：astonished) 2.criterion /krar'trarian/n.(pl.criteria)标准；准则 词汇变形 复数形式：criteria 构词解析 高中沪教版 选择性必修第三册词汇变形及词缀精讲 不规则复数变化：以-on结尾的名词，复数形式通常改为-a(如phenomenon一phenomena)。 例句：The main criterion for this job is work experience. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：What criteria do you use to judge a good movie? 3.initial'nr1/n.（名字的)首字母：adj.最初的：开始的 词汇变形 副词形式：initially 名词形式：initiation（开始：启蒙) 构词解析 前缀in-:表”进入、开始”；后缀-ial:构成形容词；ly构成副词：-ation构成名词。 例句：My initial reaction was to say no,but I later changed my mind 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）： (initial),we thought the project would take a month,but it actually took two.(答案：Initially) 4.guilty/'glti/ad.感到内疚的：感到惭愧的 词汇变形 名词形式：guilt 反义词：innocent(无辜的) 构词解析 后缀-y:加在名词后构成形容词，表”充满…的；具有…性质的”(gut→guilty)。 例句：She felt guilty about lying to her parents.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：His face showed a look of(guilty)when he was caught cheating.(答案：guilt) 5.applicant/'aeplikant/n.申请人（尤指求职、进高等院校等） 词汇变形 动词形式：apply 名词形式：application 构词解析 前缀a即-(=ad-,表”向…”)：词根ply(=fold,折叠)：后缀-ant:表”人”；-ation:表”动作、过 程”。 例句：There were over200 applicants for the job, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：You need to submit your application form before the deadline 6.exhibit/1g'zbt/v.展览：展出 词汇变形 名词形式：exhibition 构词解析 前缀ex-（表”出)；词根hibit(hold,拿住)：后缀-ion:构成名词，表”动作、结果”。 例句：The museum will exhibit some rare ancient coins next month 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The__(exhibit)of modern art attracted a large 2 高中沪教版 选择性必修第三册词汇变形及词缀精讲 number of visitors.(答案：exhibition) 7.delay/d'len.延迟；v.耽搁 词汇变形 形容词形式：delayed(延迟的) 构词解析 前缀de-(表'离开、否定”)；词根lay(=leave,留下)；后缀-ed:构成形容词。 例句：The flight was delayed due to bad weather. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：We apologize for the__(delay)response to your email.(答案：delayed) 8.submit/sab'mt/v.呈递（文件、建议等） 词汇变形 名词形式：submission 形容词形式：submissive(顺从的) 构词解析 前缀sub-（表”在下、次等)；词根mit(=send,送)；后缀-sion:构成名词；-ive:构成形容词。 例句：You must submit your report by Friday. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：All submissions must be typed and double-spaced. 9.tobacco/ta'beka5/n.烟草 词汇变形 形容词形式：tobacco-related(与烟草相关的) 构词解析 复合词构词：tobacco+related(相关的)，构成形容词，表示”与烟草相关的”。 例句：Tobacco smoking is harmful to health 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The governmenthas taken measures to reduce (tobacco) advertising.(答案：tobacco) 10.irus/'vars/n.病毒 词汇变形 形容词形式：viral(病毒性的：传播很广的) 构词解析 后缀-l:加在名词后构成形容词，表…的”。 例句：The flu is caused by a virus. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：Viral infections can spread quickly in crowded places. 11.platform/'plaetfo:m/n.站台 词汇变形 动词形式：platform(搭建平台，较少用) 构词解析 前缀plat-(=flat,平坦的)：词根fom(形状)，字面义”平坦的形状”，引申为”平台、站台”。 3 高中沪教版 选择性必修第三册词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：We waited for the train on platform3. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三同步练习）：The new railway station has8(platform)in total.(答案：platforms) 12.gallery/'gaelari/n.(艺术作品)陈列室；画廊 词汇变形 复数形式：galleries 构词解析 后缀-y变复数时改y为i加-es(gallery→galleries)。 例句：She visited an art gallery to see the new exhibition, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修三教材例句）：The gallery is open to the public from9amto5pm 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (标准)for this competition are very high 2.She felt a deep sense of(after lying to her friend. 3.A11 (申请人)must submit their forms by Friday. 4.The museum will hold an()of ancient pottery next month. 5.The (病毒)spread quickly in the crowded classroom. 6.His (最初的)plan was to study medicine,but he changed his mind later. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.We were. (astonish)to hear that our team won the championship 2.The company received over 500(apply)for the position. (initial),I thought the task was easy,but it turned out to be difficult. 4.The (exhibit)of digital art attracted visitors of all ages. 5.He apologized for the (delay)reply to the email. 6.The judge based his decision on the (criterion)of fairness 7.Her face showed clear signs of_ (guilt)when she was questioned 三、完成句子（每空一词） 4 高中沪教版 选择性必修第三册词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.听到这个消息，所有人都感到惊讶。 Everyone was the news. 2.申请人必须在截止日期前提交申请。 must their before the deadline 3.最初，我们没有意识到问题的严重性。 we didn't realize the seriousness of the problem. 4.他因迟到而感到内疚。 He felt being late 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 When applying for a job,the first step is to meet the basic (criterion).An (apply)should submit a resume and a cover letter.(initial),the company will check if the (submit) materialsmeet their requirements.If there is a(delay)in sending the documents,the application may be rejected. Last month,a friend of mine applied for a position.He was (astonish)to receive an interview invitation.During the interview,he admittedfeeling (guilt)about a small mistake in his resume However,his honesty left a good impression.Finally,he got the job and said the experience taught him the importance of carefulness. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.criteria 2.guilt 3.applicants 4.exhibition 5.virus 6.initial II.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.astonished 2.applications 3.Initially 4.exhibition 5.delayed 6.criteria 7.guilt I.完成句子 1.astonished at 2.Applicants;submit;applications 3.Initially 4.guilty about V.语篇填空 1.criteria 2.applicant 3.Initially 4.submitted 5.delay 6.astonished 7.guilty 5