Unit 2 Things that matter 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 词汇精讲 【Unit2】Things that matter 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 *sentimental/,sentI'ment/adj.产；私人物品；具有；拥有 好 情感的（非理性的） annoyed/A'noId/adj.恼怒的：生abnormal/eb'noml/adj.不正 mirror/mra()/n.镜子 气的：烦恼的 常的：反常的：变态的；畸形的 jazz/d3ez/n.爵士乐 friction/'frik/n/n.分歧：不合 *hazardous./'hez3das/adj.危险 tank /tark/n.(贮放液体或气temporary/temprari/adj.短暂的：有害的 体的)箱，槽，罐 的：暂时的：临时的 purse /p3sn.钱包，皮夹子（尤 *reluctant/r'IAktant/adj.不情resist/rI'zist/V.抵制：阻挡 指女用的) 愿的：勉强的 load/1a5d/n.大量：许多；（责licence/larsns/n.许可：执照 primitive'prmmatrv/.adj.原始任或忧虑的)沉重感；负载：负diamond/'daramand山n.金刚石： 的：远古的 荷 钻石 permanent/'p3 manant/adj..永*currency/'kAransi/n.通用；流receptionist /rI'sepfanist/n.接待 久的：永恒的：长久的 行：流传：货币 员 possession /p3'Zejn/n.个人财tendency/'tendansi/n.倾向；偏 词汇变形及词缀精讲 l.sentimental/,sentr'mentl/adj..情感的（非理性的） 词汇变形 名词形式：sentiment(感情：情绪) 构词解析 后缀-l:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“与…有关的：具有…性质的”。 同类词：national(国家的)、emotional(情感的) She kept the old letters for sentimental reasons,as they reminded her of her childhood. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The movie's_(sentiment)ending made many audience members cry.(答案：sentimental) 2.reluctant/r'IAktant//adj.不情愿的：勉强的 词汇变形 名词形式：reluctance 副词形式：reluctantly 1 高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析 前缀re-:表“相反：反对”；词根luct(挣扎)：后缀-ant:构成形容词，表“处于…状态的”；-ance 为名词后缀：y为副词后缀。 同类词：assistant(助手)、important（重要的) He was reluctant to accept the invitation,but finally agreed after much persuasion. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试）：She nodded_(reluctant)when her parents asked her to join the piano class.(答案：reluctantly) 3.primitive/'primstrv/adj.原始的；远古的 词汇变形 名词形式：primitiveness(原始性) 构词解析 前缀prim-:表“最初：首要”；后缀-itive:构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：sensitive(敏感的)、competitive(竞争的) 例句：The primitive tools found in the cave date back to 10,000 years ago. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册阅读拓展）：Early humans lived in_(primitive)shelters made of wood and leaves.(答案：primitive) 4.permanent/'p3 manant/adj.永久的；永恒的 词汇变形 副词形式：permanently 反义词：temporary(暂时的) 构词解析 前缀per-:表“贯穿；完全”：词根man(停留)：后缀-ent:构成形容词；-y为副词后缀。 同类词：permanent(永久的)、persistent(持续的) This agreement will have a permanent effect on the relationship between the two countries. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册语法填空）：After the earthquake,many families had to leave their_(permanent)homes and live in tents.（答案：permanent) 5.possession /p3'zejn/n.个人财产；拥有 词汇变形 动词形式：possess 形容词形式：possessive(占有的：所有格的) 构词解析 前缀pos-(放置)：词根sess(坐)：后缀-ion:构成名词，表“动作或状态”；-ive为形容词后缀。 同类词：expression(表达)、discussion（讨论) 例句：She lost all her possessions in the fire and had to start over. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册完形填空）：The old man took great pride in his_(possess) of a rare stamp collection.(答案：possession) 6.temporary/temprari/adj..短暂的；临时的 词汇变形 2 高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：temporariness 副词形式：temporarily 构词解析 词根tempor(时间)：后缀-ay:构成形容词，表“与…有关的”；ness为名词后缀：-ly为副词 后缀。 同类词：ordinary(普通的)、necessary(必要的) 例句：The company hired temporary workers to help with the busy season. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册单元测试）：Due to the construction,.he roadwill be_(temporary) closed next week.(答案：temporarily) 7.resist/rI'zIst/v.抵制：阻挡 词汇变形 名词形式：resistance 形容词形式：resistant 构词解析 前缀re-:表“反对；反抗”；词根sist(站立)：后缀-ance为名词后缀：-ant为形容词后缀，表“抵 抗的”。 同类词：assist(帮助)→assistance、exist(存在)→existence It's hard to resist the temptation of eating chocolate when you're on a diet 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册阅读真题)：Some plants develop a natural._(resist)to pests, reducing the need for pesticides.(答案：resistance) 8.currency/'KAransi/n.通用：货币 词汇变形 形容词形式：current(流通的：当前的) 副词形式：currently 构词解析 词根cur(跑：流动)：后缀-ency:构成名词，表“性质或状态”：-ent为形容词后缀：-y为副词 后缀。 同类词：emergency(紧急情况)、efficiency(效率) The US dollar is one of the most widely used currencies in international trade. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册经济专题阅读）：Digital payment methods are becoming more_(current)than cash in many cities.(答案：current) 9.hazardous./'haezadas/adj.危险的：有害的 词汇变形 名词形式：hazard 构词解析 后缀-oS:加在名词后，构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”。 同类词：dangerous(危险的)、poisonous(有毒的) Workers must wear protective clothing when handling hazardous materials. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册环保单元测试）：Exposure to_(hazard)chemicals can cause 3 高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 serious health problems.(答案：hazardous) 10.abnormal/eb'n3ml/adj.不正常的：反常的 词汇变形 名词形式：abnormality 副词形式：abnormally 构词解析 前缀ab-:表“离开；偏离”；词根nom（标准)：后缀-al:构成形容词；-ity为名词后缀；ly为副 词后缀。 同类词：abuse(滥用)、abandon(抛弃) The test results showed some abnormal changes in the patient's blood cells 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册生物阅读）：Scientists are studying the_(abnormal)behavior of the animals in the reserve.(答案：abnormal) 11.licence/'1 arsns/n.许可；执照 词汇变形 动词形式：licence(英式)/license(美式) 形容词形式：licensed(有执照的) 构词解析 词根lic(允许)：后缀-ence:构成名词；动词形式通过去e加-se(美式)：-ed为形容词后缀。 同类词：difference(差异)、dependence(依赖) 例句：You must have a valid driving licence to rent a car in this country. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册法律单元练习）：The restaurant was fined for operating without a_(licence).(答案：licence) l2.receptionist/rI'sepfanIst/n.接待员 词汇变形 动词形式：receive 名词形式：reception（接待；接收) 构词解析 前缀re-:表“回；再”；词根cept(拿；取)：后缀-ion:构成名词：-ist:表“从事…职业的人”。 同类词：artist(艺术家)、scientist(科学家) 例句：The receptionist greeted us warmly and asked us to fill out a form. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册情景对话）：The hotel_(receive)will guide you to your room after you check in..(答案：receptionist) 13.anoy'no/v.使恼怒；打扰 词汇变形 形容词形式：annoyed(感到恼怒的)、annoying(令人恼怒的) 名词形式：annoyance 构词解析 后缀-ed:修饰人，表“感到…的”；-ing:修饰物，表“令人…的”：-ance:构成名词。 高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 同类词：interested(感兴趣的)、exciting(令人兴奋的) 例句：Her constant complaining annoyed everyone in the office. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册完形填空）：He looked._(anoy)when his phone kept ringing during the meeting.(答案：annoyed) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The museum displays tools used by()humans thousands of years ago 7.After the flood,many families lost their_(个人财产)and needed help. 8.Drivers must have a valid driving()to operate a vehicle legally. 9.The_(接待员)at the hotel helped us with our luggage and checked us in. 10.Handling()materials without protective gear is strictly forbidden 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.She kept the old photo album for(sentiment)reasons,as it reminded her of her late grandmother. 7.The company decided to(licence)its technology to foreign partners to expand the market. 8.Some people are naturally(resist)to certain diseases due to genetic factors. 9.The team's_(reluctant)to change their strategy led to their defeat in the final match. 10.The new policy will have a-(permanently)impact on environmental protection measures. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他不情愿地接受了这项任务，因为他当时太忙了。 He accepted the taskbecause he was too busy at that time. 2.这家商店在装修期间将暂时关闭。 The store will be_closed during the renovation. 3.她对自己的收藏感到非常自豪，尤其是那些古老的硬币。 She takes great pride in her_,especially the ancient coins. 4. 一些植物进化出了对昆虫的抵抗力，从而减少了农药的使用。 Some plants have developed_to insects,reducing the use of pesticides. 高中沪教版选择性必修第三册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 In many cultures,people keep old items for(sentiment)value.For example,a woman might hold onto her mother's necklace,even if it is no longer in style.However,when moving to a new home,some people find it hard to decide which items to keep and which to discard.They may feel (reluctant)to throw away things that once brought joy. Archaeologists often study(primitive)tools to learn about early human life.These tools,made of stone or bone,show how our ancestors survived in harsh environments.One such discovery was a set of_(permanent)preserved tools in a cave,dating back over 10,000 years. Modern life also involves temporary solutions.For instance,during construction,roads may be (temporary)closed,and workers might use(licence)equipment to speed up the process.De- spite the inconvenience,these measures are necessary for long-term progress. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.primitive 7.possessions 8.licence 9.receptionist 10.hazardous Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.sentimental 7.license/licence 8.resistant 9.reluctance 10.permanent III.完成句子 1.reluctantly 2.temporarily 3.possessions 4.resistance V,语篇填空 1.sentimental 2.reluctant 3.primitive 4.permanently 5.temporarily 6.licensed 6