Unit 1 Feeling good 一-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（沪教版）

高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 词汇精讲 【Unit 1】Feeling good 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 associate/A'soufiert/v.联想；联essential/1'sen/adj.完全必要chemical/'kemikl/n.化学品： 系 的；极其重要的 adj.化学的 tablet/'taeblat/n.平板电脑 ital/'vatl/adj.必不可少的；重miserable/'mzbl/adj.痛苦的： a tablet/'taeblat/n.一片药 要的 非常难受的 fashion/'fae[n/n.流行款式 crucial/'ku:/adj.至关重要的 lack /laek/n.缺乏；不足；v.缺 item/'artem/n.一件商品或物 anxiety/e)'zarati/n.焦虑 乏 品：项目 optimistic/,Dptr'mIstik/adj.乐mood/mu:d/n.情绪；心情 abandon/'baendan/v.离开；舍 观的 弃：丢弃；遗弃；抛弃 release /rI'li:s/v.排放；释放；公 drawer/dro:(c)/n.抽屉 开：发行 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.associate/A'saufiert/v.联想；联系 词汇变形 名词形式：association(协会；关联) 构词解析 前缀as-(加强意义)+soci(词根”社会、同伴)+-ate（动词后缀，表”使”)：名词形式加后 缀-ion。 同类词：social(社会的)、society(社会) People often associate the color red with happiness in Chinese culture. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：We should form an (associate)to help endangered animals.(答案：association) 2.essential/个sen/adj.完全必要的：极其重要的 词汇变形 名词形式：essence(本质：精髓) 构词解析 前缀es-(=ex-,出)+sence(=sent,存在)+-ial（形容词后缀，表”…的”)：名词形式去掉-tial。 同类词：potential(潜在的)、official(官方的) 1 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 例句：Water and air are essential for human survival. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：The essence of his argument is that we need to protect the environment. 3.ital'vatl/adj.必不可少的：重要的 词汇变形 名词形式：vitality(活力：生命力) 构词解析 词根vit(生命)+-al（形容词后缀，表”具有…性质的”)：名词形式加后缀-ity。 同类词：fatal(致命的)、mental(精神的) 例句：Regular exercise is vital to maintaining good health 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The new policy will bring new (vital)to the local economy.(答案：vitality) 4.crucial/"kau1/adj.至关重要的 词汇变形 副词形式：crucially(关键地) 构词解析 词根cux(十字，引申为”关键”)+-il（形容词后缀)：副词加后缀-y。 例句：It is crucial to finish the project on time.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）： (crucial),we need to find a solution before the problem gets worse.(答案：Crucially) 5.optimistic/,Dptr'mIstik/adj.乐观的 词汇变形 名词形式：optimism(乐观主义)；反义词：pessimistic(悲观的) 构词解析 前缀optim-（最好)+-istic(形容词后缀，表”…主义的)；名词形式去掉-istic加-isn。 同类词：realistic(现实的)、idealistic(理想主义的) 例句：She remains optimistic about her future despite the difficulties. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：Optimism can help people stay positive in hard times. 6.release/rI'li:s/v.排放；释放；公开：发行 词汇变形 名词形式：release(释放；发行物) 构词解析 前缀re-(再次)+lease(释放)：动词和名词同形。 例句：The company will release a new smartphone next month. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：The (release)of the new film has been delayed until next year.(答案：release) 2 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 7.chemical/'kemk/n.化学品；adj.化学的 词汇变形 名词形式：chemistry(化学)：动词形式：chemic(用化学方法处理，较少用) 构词解析 词根chem(化学)+-ical(形容词/名词后缀)：名词'化学'为chemistry(-isty表学科)。 同类词：physical(物理的)→physics(物理) The factory was fined for releasing harmful chemicals into the river. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：Chemistry is the study of matter and its properties. 8.lack1ek/n.缺乏；不足：v.缺乏 词汇变形 形容词形式：lacking(缺乏的) 构词解析 动词/名词同形；形容词加后缀-ing。 固定搭配：lack of(缺乏…)：be lacking in(在…方面缺乏) 例句：His failure was due to a lack of preparation 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：She is(lack)in confidence when speaking in public.(答案：lacking) 9.mood/mu:d/n.情绪：心情 词汇变形 形容词形式：moody(情绪多变的) 构词解析 名词ood+后缀-y(形容词后缀，表”多…的：有…性质的”)。 同类词：cloudy（多云的)、angy(生气的) 例句：A walk in the park can improve your mood.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：Don't talk to him today-he'sina (mood) mood.(答案：moody) l0.abandon/'baendan/v.离开；舍弃：丢弃：遗弃；抛弃 词汇变形 名词形式：abandonment(遗弃：放弃) 构词解析 前缀ab-（离开)+andon(=order,命令)：名词形式加后缀-ment。. 例句：The sailors had to abandon the sinking ship. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The (abandon)of the project disappointed all the team members.(答案：abandonment) 11.anxiety/e'zaI3ti/n.焦虑 词汇变形 形容词形式：anxious(焦虑的) 构词解析 3 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 词根anx(焦虑)+-iety(名词后缀，表”状态”)：形容词形式为anxious(-ous后缀)。 例句：Her anxiety about the exam kept her awake all night. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：He was anxious about his mother's health. 12.miserable/'mIzrabl//adj.痛苦的：非常难受的 词汇变形 名词形式：misery(痛苦；不幸) 构词解析 前缀mis-(坏的；错误的)+ey(名词后缀，表”状态”)：形容词加后缀-able(能…的，此处表” 处于…状态的”)。 例句：She felt miserable after failing the exam. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The war brought great (miserable)to the local people.(答案：misery) 综合训练 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The ()aims to protect endangered animals through joint efforts. 2.Water and air are (必不可少的)for all living things on Earth. 3.Regular exercise can improve your physical()and mental health. 4.The (of his speech lies in encouraging young people to pursue their dreams. 5.Her (helped her get through the difficult times. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The new policy is(vital)important for the development of renewable energy. 2.She is (optimistic)about the future of her career despite the current challenges. 3.The factory was criticized for the(release)of toxic waste into the river 4.His (anxious)about the exam made it hard for him to focus on studying. 5.The (abandon)of the old tradition has caused some cultural loss in the community. 6 (crucial),we must take immediate action to reduce air pollution. 7.The (chemistry)reaction between these two substances produces a harmful gas. 8.Heis」 (lack)in experience,but he is willing to learn from others. 4 高中沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.人们常把红色与中国文化中的喜庆联系在一起。 People often the color red happiness in Chinese culture. 2.按时完成这项任务对我们团队的成功至关重要。 Itis」 to finish this task on time for the success of our team. 3.缺乏沟通导致了他们之间的误解。 The of communication led to misunderstanding between them 4.战争给当地居民带来了巨大的痛苦。 The war brought great to the local people 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Reading can (associate)with personal growth and knowledge accumulation.For students, it is (essence)to develop a good reading habit.(vital),choosing the right books is the first step.Some books may release positive energy,while others might cause (anxious). Optimism from inspirational stories can help readers stay(optimistic)when facing difficulties. However,a_ (lack)of critical thinking may make reading less effective. (crucial),we should balance reading and reflection to truly benefit from books. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.association 7.essential 8.vitality 9.essence 10.optimism Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.vitally 2.optimistic 3.release 4.anxiety 5.abandonment 6.Crucially 7.chemical 8.lacking L.完成句子 1.associate;with 2.crucial 3.lack 4.misery V.语篇填空 1.be associated 2.essential 3.Vitally 4.anxiety 5.optimistic 6.lack 7.Crucially 5