Unit 4 The senses 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（沪教版）

高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】The senses二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 claim /klem/v.声称：断言：主 伤害，损伤 encounter /i'kaonta(r)/W.遭遇； 张；n.声明：宣称 anke/'ek/n.踝；踝关节 遇到 riddle/'rIdl/n.无法解释的情况warning/'won/n.警告；警示*impairment/m'peamant/n.缺 differ/'df)/.有点：区别：不react /i'ektw.作出反应：回应陷：障碍 同于 panic/'panik/v.惊慌失措：n.construct/kan'strAkt/v.修建：建 dessert/d'z3t/n.甜点；甜食 恐慌 造 combination/.kDnb'nen/h.结bark/bak/w.(狗)吠叫 facility/fe'sIlati//n.设施；设备 合体：混合体 grateful/'grertfl/ad.感激的 barrier/'baeria(r)n.屏障；障碍 rescue/reskju:h.救援：营救；frequency/'fi.<wansi/n.发生率物 V.营救，解救 radiation/,reidi'eln/m.辐射 bury/'beri.覆盖；安葬 elective'lektrv/adj.选修的 injury/'nd3rim.(对身体的)expand/k'spaend/w.增加 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.differ/'dfa)w.区别：不同于 名词形式：difference(差异；不同点) 形容词形式：different(不同的) 构词解析：前缀dif-:表“分离：否定”，fr意为“携带”，字面义“分开携带”→“不同”。 后缀：-ence:构成名词：-ent:构成形容词。 同类词：difficult(困难的)←-dif.+fic(做)+-ult 例句：Cats and dogs differ in their eating habits. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The two brothers look similar,but their hobbies are quite_(differ).（答案：different) 2.rescue/reskju:h.救援：V.营救 名词形式：rescuer(救援者) 构词解析：前缀e-:表“再次；回”，sce源自拉语“安全”，合义“使回到安全状态”一“营救”。 后缀：-er:加在动词后表“做某事的人”。 The firefighters made a brave rescue of the children from the burning building. 1 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册单元测试）：The mountain climbers were(rescue)by a helicopter after they got lost.(答案：rescued) 3.injury/'nd3rin.伤害；损伤 动词形式：injure(伤害：损害) 形容词形式：injured(受伤的) 构词解析：前缀m-:表“使…”，jur意为“法律；权利”，字面义“使权利受损”→“伤害”。 后缀：y:构成名词；-ed:构成形容词（表被动或状态）。 同类词：justice(正义)←-jur+-ice 例句：He suffered a serious injury to his leg in the accident. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解）：Te (injure)passengers were sent to the hospital immediately..（答案：injured) 4.react/ri'ekt/w.作出反应 名词形式：reaction(反应；回应) 形容词形式：reactive(反应的：易反应的) 构词解析：前缀re-:表“回；反”，act意为“行动”，合义“行动的回应”一“反应”。 后缀：-ion:构成名词；ive:构成形容词（表“有…性质的”)。 例句：How did she react to the news of her promotion? 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册语法填空)：Her quick (react)saved the child from danger.(答案：reaction) 5.grateful/'grertfl/adj.感激的 名词形式：gratitude（感激；感谢) 构词解析：前缀gat:意为“感激：高兴”，f表“充满…的”，合义“充满感激的”。 后缀：-itude:构成抽象名词（表“性质；状态”）。 同类词：joyful(高兴的)一joy(喜悦) 例句：I am grateful to my parents for their constant support.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册写作)：We should express our (grateful)to those who help us..(答案：gratitude) 6.frequency/'fri:kwansi/n.发生率；频率 形容词形式：frequent(频繁的；经常的) 副词形式：frequently(频繁地) 构词解析：前缀frequ-:意为“多；频繁”，ency表“性质；状态”。 后缀：-ent:构成形容词：-y:构成副词。 例句：The frequency of earthquakes in this area has increased recently, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册听力填空）：He visits his grandparents_(frequency)on weekends.(答案：frequently) 7.radiation/,reidi'eln/m.辐射 动词形式：radiate(辐射：散发) 2 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 形容词形式：radiant(辐射的：光芒四射的) 构词解析：前缀radi-:意为“光线；辐射”，ation表“动作：过程”。 后缀：-ate:构成动词：-ant:构成形容词（表“具有…性质的”）。 同类词：radio(收音机)←-Iadi+-o 例句：The sun radiates heat and light to the earth 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册科学阅读）： (radiation)from nuclear plants can be harmful to human health.（答案：Radiation) 8.elective/'lektiv/adj.选修的 动词形式：elect(选举；选择) 名词形式：election(选举；选择) 构词解析：前缀e-:表“出”，lect意为“选择”，合义“选出的”→“选修的”（可选择的课程）。 后缀：-ive:构成形容词：ion:构成名词。 例句：She is taking an elective course in art history this semester. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册课程表填空)：Students are required to choose two (elective)courses from the list.(答案：elective) 9.expand/k'spaend/v.增加；扩大 名词形式：expansion(扩张；膨胀) 形容词形式：expansive(广阔的；扩张的) 构词解析：前缀ex-:表“向外”，pand意为“展开”，合义“向外展开”→“扩大”。 后缀：-ion:构成名词：-ive:构成形容词。 例句：The company plans to expand its business into Europe next year. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册完形填空）：The population of the city has」 (expand) rapidly in the past decade.(答案：expanded) l0.encounter/m'kaonta(r)/y.遭遇；遇到 名词形式：encounter(相遇；遭遇) 构词解析：前缀en-:表“使…”，counter意为“相对；相反”，合义“使相对”一→“相遇；遭遇”。 (注：encounter本身可作名词和动词，无特殊后缀变化) She encountered many difficulties when she first moved to a foreign country. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册阅读理解)：Their unexpected (encounter)with the wild animal scared them a lot.(答案：encounter) 11.construct /kan'strAkt/w.修建；建造 名词形式：construction（建设：建筑物) 形容词形式：constructive(建设性的) 构词解析：前缀con-:表“共同：一起”，struct意为“建造”，合义“一起建造”→“修建”。 后缀：-ion:构成名词：-ive:构成形容词（表“有…作用的”）。 同类词：structure(结构)←一struct+-ure 例句：Workers are constructing a new bridge over the river. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册语法填空）：The (construct)of the new hospital will 3 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 be completed next year.(答案：construction) 12.facility /f3'sati/n.设施；设备 形容词形式：facile(容易的：熟练的，较少用) 构词解析：前缀fac-:意为“做：制作”，ility表“能力：性质”，合义“做某事的能力或工具”→ “设施”。 同类词：factory(工厂)-fac+-toy 例句：The sports center has excellent facilities for swimming and gym. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册书面表达）：Our school provides modern (facility）for students to study and relax.(答案：facilities) 13.barrier/baeria(r)n.屏障；障碍物 动词形式：bar(阻挡：禁止) 构词解析：前缀ba-:意为“棒；横木”，原指“横放的木棒阻挡通路”→“障碍物”。 后缀：-ier:构成名词（表“物”）。 例句：Language differences can be a barrier to effective communication. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册单元测试）：The river forms a natural (barrier)between the two villages.(答案：barrier) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (差异)between the two cultures is obvious. 2.The firefighters carried out a successful (救援)in the burning building. 3.She suffered a serious (伤害)to her arm in the accident.. 4.Her quick (反应)to the emergency saved his life. 5.We should express our(to those who help us. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Cats and dogs have (differ)eating habits. 2.The mountain climbers were (rescue)by a helicopter after getting lost 3.The(injure)passengers were sent to the hospital immediately 4.He visits his grandparents(frequency)on weekends. 5.The」 (construct)of the new bridge will be completed next year. 高中选择性必修第一册沪教版 【寒假专版】 ，E版词汇变形及词缀精讲 三、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这两个兄弟看起来很像，但他们的爱好很不同。 The two brothers look similar,but their hobbies are quite 2.太阳向地球辐射光和热。 The sun heat and light to the earth 3.语言差异可能是有效沟通的障碍。 Language differences can be a to effective communication. 4.我们学校为学生提供现代化的设施。 Our school provides modern for students to study and relax 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A group of students went hiking in the mountains last weekend.During the trip,they (encounter)a heavy storm.One student fell and got(injure)in the leg.The others tried to help,but the bad weather created a(barrier)to rescue.Luckily,a local guide found them and called for help.The rescue team arrived quickly and(rescue)the injured student. After the accident,the students realized the importance of teamwork and safety.They also expressed (grateful)to the guide and rescuers.The experience taught them to stay calm and help each other in difficult situations. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.difference 2.rescue 3.injury 4.reaction 5.gratitude Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.different 2.rescued 3.injured 4.frequently 5.construction I.完成句子 1.different 2.radiates 3.barrier 4.facilities V.语篇填空 1.encountered 2.injured 3.barrier 4.rescued 5.gratitude 5