Unit 4 Words 二-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第三册（沪教版）

选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 【Unit4】Vords二 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 murder/'m3:dsr)/v.谋杀；凶查看 rent /rent/v.租借：出租；n.租 杀 subjective/sb'd3 ektrv/adj.主金 innocent/'n3snt/adj.无辜的：观的 grand/graend/adj..壮丽的：堂皇 清白的 fox /foks/n.狐狸 的 civilian/s3'vilian/n.平民；老百cage/keId/n.笼子 *mysterious /mI'stiarias/adj. 姓 knit /nit/v.编织 秘的：奇怪的 fibre/'faba)/n.纤维 artificial/,atr'fil/adj.人工的；*spectacular/spek'taekjalar/adj microscope/'markraskaup/n.显人造的 壮观的：令人惊叹的 微镜 buffet/'bufe/n.自助餐 parcel/'pa:sl/n.包裹：小包 classic/'klaesik/adj..最优的；第 inspection /i'spek.n/n.检查；一流的 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.innocent/'msnt/adj.无辜的：清白的 名词形式：innocence(无辜；清白) 构词解析：前缀in-:表”否定”；后缀-ent:构成形容词，-ence对应名词后缀。 同类词：independent(独立的)→independence(独立) 例句：The witness proved that the suspect was innocent of the crime. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The lawyer argued that his client's (innocent) could be proven by the new evidence.(答案：innocence) 2.artificial/,at'fi/ad.人工的；人造的 名词形式：artifice(技巧：诡计，较少用) 构词解析：前缀ati-(=skil):后缀-ficial:由-fic（做)+-ial(形容词后缀)构成，表”人工制作 的”。 同类词：beneficial(有益的)←-benefit(益处) This sweater is made of artificial wool,so it's cheaper than natural wool. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：Artificial intelligence has changed the way we live and work. 1 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.subjective/sb'd3 ektIv/adj.主观的（非客观的） 名词形式：subjectivity(主观性)：反义词：objective(客观的) 构词解析：前缀sub-(在…之下)；词根ject(投掷)：后缀-ive:构成形容词。 Opinions about art are often subjective and vary from person to person. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Scientific research requires_(objective) analysis rather than subjective judgment..(答案：objective) 4.inspection/m'spekfn/n.检查；查看 动词形式：inspect(检查) 构词解析：前缀in-(进入)：词根spect(看)：后缀ion:构成名词，表”动作或结果”。 同类词：expect(期待)→expectation(期待) The customs officer carried out a thorough inspection of the parcel. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The engineer was sent to(inspect)the bridge for safety problems..(答案：inspect) 5.mysterious/mI'st1 erias//adj.神秘的；奇怪的 名词形式：mystery（神秘：谜) 构词解析：后缀-ous:加在名词后构成形容词，表'具有…性质的”，此处mystery一→mysterious(去 y变i+-ous)。 同类词：danger(危险)→dangerous（危险的) The ancient tomb was surrounded by a mysterious atmosphere that attracted many archaeologists. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The(mystery)disappearance of the treasure has puzzled people for centuries.(答案：mysterious) 6.spectacular/spk'taekjlar/adj.壮观的；令人惊叹的 名词形式：spectacle(景象；奇观) 构词解析：词根spect(看)：后缀-acular:表”引人注目的”，由-ac+-ular构成。 同类词：miracle(奇迹)→miraculous(奇迹般的) The sunset over the sea was a spectacular sight that no one wanted to miss. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The opening ceremony of the Olympics was a spectacular event watched by millions. 7.rent /rent/v.租借：出租；n.租金 过去式/过去分词：rented:现在分词：renting 构词解析：无明显前后缀，属于不规则动词（名词/动词同形）。 固定搭配：rent out(出租)：rent from(向…租借) 例句：They decided to rent an apartment near the school for convenience.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The landlord__(rent)the house to a young couple last month.(答案：rented) 8.grand/graend/adj.壮丽的；堂皇的 副词形式：grandly;名词形式：grandeur(壮丽：宏伟) 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 构词解析：后缀-y构成副词：er为名词后缀（表”性质）。 例句：The grand building in the city center was once a royal palace. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：We visited the grand museum and admired its collection of ancient artifacts. 9.classic/'klaesik/adj.最优的；第一流的；n.经典作品 名词形式：classics(经典著作)：副词形式：classically 构词解析：词根class(等级：类别)：后缀-ic:构成形容词，表”典型的；经典的”。 同类词：historic(历史的)→history(历史) This novel is considered a classic of world literature and has been translated into many languages 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：Beethoven's Fifth Symphony is one of the greatest (classic)in music history..(答案：classics) 10.knit /nrt/v.编织 过去式/过去分词：knitted/knit;现在分词：knitting 构词解析：无明显前后缀，属于不规则动词（过去式可双写t加-d或不变）。 固定搭配：knit a sweater(织毛衣)：knit together(紧密结合) 例句：My grandmother used to knit scarves for the whole family in winter.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：She (knit)while watching TV last night and finished a pair of gloves.(答案：knitted/knit) l1.civilian/s3'vIlian/n.平民；老百姓 形容词形式：civil(公民的；民事的) 构词解析：前缀civil-（公民的)；后缀-ian:表”人”（此处指”平民百姓”）。 同类词：musician(音乐家)←-music(音乐) During the war,many civilians were forced to leave their homes and seek shelter. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The government has taken measures to protect the safety of civilians in the conflict area 12.microscope/'maikraskaup/n.显微镜 形容词形式：microscopic（微小的；微观的) 构词解析：前缀micro-(微小的)：词根scope(看)，表”观察微小物体的仪器”。 同类词：telescope(望远镜)←-tele-(远)+scope(看) Scientists use a microscope to study cells and bacteria that are invisible to the naked eye. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The students observed the tiny organisms under the__(microscopic)in biology class..(答案：microscope) 13.fibre/'fab/n.纤维 形容词形式：fibrous(纤维的：纤维状的) 构词解析：后缀-0us:加在名词后构成形容词，表”含纤维的”。 同类词：nerve(神经)→ner vous(紧张的) 例句：Eating more foods rich in fibre can improve digestion. 3 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册教材例句）：The fabric is made of natural fibre,which is more comfortable than synthetic materials. 14.buffet./'bofer/n.自助餐 动词形式：buffet(连续猛击，读音'bfit/) 构词解析：无明显前后缀，属于多词性多音词（名词/动词同形不同音）。 We had a buffet dinner at the hotel,with a variety of dishes to choose from 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第三册同步练习）：The strong winds(buffet)he ship all night, but it finally reached the port safely.(答案：buffeted) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The police found no evidence to prove his(清白)，so he was set free. 7.The (of the factory will be carried out next Monday. 8.The (helps scientists see tiny things that can't be observed by the naked eye. 9.The (for this apartment is 3,000 yuan per month. 10.The (were advised to stay indoors during the storm. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The witness'statement proved the suspect's (innocent) 7.This dress is made of (nature)fibre,which feels very soft. 8.The(mystery)light in the sky attracted many people's attention. 9.The company requires all employees to receive a health (inspect)annually. 10.Her (subject)opinions made it hard to reach an agreement in the meeting 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.人工智能已经改变了我们的生活和工作方式。 has changed the way we live and work. 6.科学研究需要客观分析而非主观判断。 Scientific research requiresanalysis rather than judgment. 选择性必修第三册沪教版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 7.海关官员对包裹进行了彻底的检查。 The customs officer carried out a thorough of the parcel. 8.她昨晚看电视时编织手套，最后完成了一双。 She while watching TV last night and finished a pair of gloves. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Yesterday,we visited a (spectacularly)museum in the city center.The guide told us that many exhibits were made of (artifice)materials,but they looked like natural ones.During the visit, we had to go through a strict security (inspect).I noticed a (mystery)room with a sign saying"No Entry".When I asked about it,the guide said it was for private research and in- volved (science)experiments using a(microscopic).On the way out,we stopped at a (buffet)for lunch.The wind (buffet)the windows,but we enjoyed our meal happily. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.innocence 7.inspection 8.microscope 9.rent 10.civilians Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.innocence 7.natural 8.mysterious 9.inspection 10.subjective III.完成句子 5.Artificial intelligence 6.objective;subjective 7.inspection 8.knitted/knit V语篇填空 1.spectacular 2.artificial 3.inspection 4.mysterious 5.scientific 6.microscope 7 buffet 8.buffeted 5