Unit 4 The senses 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第一册（沪教版）

高中英语沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 词汇精讲 【Unit4】The senses 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 challenge/'tfaelmd3/n.挑战：艰bother/bpar)/v.使（某人）thunderstorm /'OAndasto:m/n 巨任务 烦恼（或担忧） 雷雨：雷暴 investigate/m'vestigeit//v.调查：flow/fla/n.连贯：流畅 whisper/wIspa(r)/V.耳语：低 侦查 quantity/'kwpntati/n.数量 语：悄声说 preference/prefrans/n.偏爱；*spicy /'spaisi/adj..用香料调味stare/stea()/v.盯着看；凝视 喜爱 的 creature/kri:ter)/n.生物：动 principle/'prinsapl//n.法则；原*tent/tent/n.帐篷 物 则 lamp /laemp/n.灯 merciless/'m3:silas/adj.残忍的 complaint /kam'plemt//n.抱怨hike /hark/v.去…远足；徒步switch/swt/v.关/开（电灯、 false/f:ls/adj.错误的：不正确旅行；n.远足；徒步旅行 机器等)：n.开关 的：不真实的；假的：伪造的incident/'nsidant/n.发生的事 disturb /dr'st3b/v.打扰：千扰情（尤指不寻常的） 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.challenge/'tfaelmd3/n.挑战；艰巨任务 动词形式：challenge(向…挑战) 形容词形式：challenging（具有挑战性的) 构词解析：后缀-g:加在动词后构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 例句：Learning a new language is a challenging task but also rewarding, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：It is a great for her to finish the project within a week.(答案：challenge) 2.investigate/m'vestigeit//V.调查；侦查 名词形式：investigation(调查) 形容词形式：investigative(调查的；侦查的) 构词解析：前缀i:表“向内、深入”；后缀gate:构成动词（与“走”相关，引申为“追踪”）： -ation构成名词，表“动作或过程”。 例句：The police will investigate the cause of the accident thoroughly. 高中英语沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：Scientists are carrying out an_into the effects of air pollution..(答案：investigation) 3.preference/'prefrans/n.偏爱；喜爱 动词形式：prefer(更喜欢) 形容词形式：preferable(更可取的) 构词解析：前缀pre-:表“预先、优先”；后缀-ence:构成名词：-er构成动词：-able构成形容词， 表“可…的”。 例句：Her preference for tea over coffee is well--known among friends. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：I reading books to watching TV in my free time.(答案：prefer) 4.principle'prsp/n.法则；原则 形容词形式：principal(主要的：首要的) 构词解析：词根“pri-”表“第一、首要”；后缀-ple构成名词（法则）；pal构成形容词（首要的）。 例句：We should always stick to our moral principles. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：The reason for his success is hard work. (答案：principal) 5.complaint/kam'pleint/n.抱怨 动词形式：complain(抱怨；投诉) 构词解析：前缀com-:表“共同、完全”；后缀-ment:构成名词，表“动作的结果或过程”。 例句：The manager received several complaints about the poor service. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：She to the teacher about thenoisy classroom. (答案：complained) 6.false/fo:ls/adj.错误的；假的 副词形式：falsely(错误地；虚假地) 名词形式：falsehood(谎言；虚假) 构词解析：后缀-y:构成副词：hood:构成名词，表“性质或状态”。 例句：He was accused of giving false information to the police. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：The witness claimed to have seen the suspect at the scene.(答案：falsely) 7.disturb/d'st3b/v.打扰；干扰 名词形式：disturbance(打扰；骚乱) 形容词形式：disturbing(令人不安的) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表“相反、否定”；后缀-ance:构成名词：-ing构成形容词，表“令人…的”。 例句：Please do not disturb me while I am working. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：The sudden noise caused a_in the library. (答案：disturbance) 高中英语沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 8.f1 ow /flac/n.连贯：流畅：v.流动 形容词形式：fluent(流利的：流畅的) 名词形式：fluency(流利度) 构词解析：词根“fu-”表“流动”：后缀-ent构成形容词；-ency构成名词。 例句：The flow of the river was blocked by fallen trees. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：She speaks English with great_, (答案： fluency) 9.quantity/'kwpntati//n.数量 形容词形式：quantitative(数量的；定量的) 构词解析：前缀quant--:表“数量”：后缀-ity:构成名词：-ative构成形容词。 例句：A large quantity of food was donated to the灾区 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：We need to do a_analysis of the data.(答 案：quantitative) 10.incident/'nsidant//n.发生的事情（尤指不寻常的) 形容词形式：incidental(附带的：偶然的) 构词解析：前缀im-:表“在内、发生”；后缀-ent:构成名词：-al构成形容词。 例句：The incident was reported in the local newspaper 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句）：There were some expenses during the trip (答案：incidental) 11.switch/swt/v.关/开：n.开关 形容词形式：switchable(可转换的) 构词解析：后缀-able:构成形容词，表“可…的”。 例句：Please switch off the lights before leaving the room. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习）：This new device is」 between two modes. (答案：switchable) l2.mercy/m3sin.仁慈（注：由“merciless”逆推） 形容词形式：merciful(仁慈的)：merciless(残忍的，反义词) 构词解析：后缀-lss:表“无…的”（反义后缀）：fl:表“充满…的”。 例句：The merciless king showed no pity to his enemies.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习)：It was of the judge to reduce his sentence. (答案：merciful) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The police have launched an official (调查)into the accident. 高中英语沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 7.She has a strong (偏爱)for classical music over pop. 8.The (of fairness should be followed in all competitions. 9.After the storm,the (of the river became very rapid. 10.The manager received dozens of (抱怨)about the poor service last month. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.Itis (challenge)to solve this math problem within 10 minutes 7.The reporter made a_ (investigate)report on the environmental issue 8.My mother(preference)homemade food to eating out. 9.The (principle)goal of this project is to help children in rural areas. 10.The witness was caught (false)testifying in court. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 5.学习一门新语言是一项具有挑战性的任务，但也很有回报。 Learning a new language is atask but also rewarding. 6.科学家们正在对这种新药的效果进行调查。 Scientists are carrying out an into the effects of the new drug 7.他的成功主要原因是努力工作和坚持原则。 The reason for his success is hard work and sticking to 8.河水的流动被倒下的树木阻断了。 The of the river was blocked by fallen trees. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 高中英语沪教版 【词汇精讲】 选择性必修第一册 A scientific team recently faced a great (challenge)when studying a rare species.They needed to (investigate)its living habits in remote forests.Each member had their own (preference)for research methods,but they agreed to follow the basic(principle)of teamwork. During the process,they received a(complain)from local villagers about noise (disturb). To avoid conflicts,they adjusted their schedule and used (switch)equipment to reduce sound.Their (merciful)approach to both nature and people earned respect.Finally,their (quantitative)analysis of data helped publish a valuable report,showing the (fluent)of their research process. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.investigation 7.preference 8.principle 9.flow 10.complaints Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.challenging 7.investigative 8.prefers 9.principal 10.falsely L完成句子 5.challenging 6.investigation 7.principal;principles 8.flow V.语篇填空 1.challenge 2.investigate 3.preference 4.principles 5.complaint 6.disturbance 7.switchable 8.merciful 9.quantitative 10.fluency 5