Unit 1 Decisions 三-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲选择性必修第二册（沪教版）

高中沪教版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit1 【Unit1】Decisions 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 *enclose /in'klauz/v.随函（或小值；最低限度 seed/si:dn.种子；籽 包裹等)附上 approve/pu.v/v.赞成；同意discrimination/d,skrimr'nem/ drama/dham3/n.戏；剧 freedom/fri:dam/n.(指权利)n.歧视 candidate/'kaendidat/n.候选人；自由 damage/'dend3/v.损害；伤 申请人 citizen/'stzn/n.公民 害 certificate/sa'trfikat/n.文凭：合constitution/konstr'tju:n/n.章church/t3t/n.(基督教的)教 格证书 程：宪法 堂 *catalogue/'kaetalg/n.目录 arrest/月'rest/v.逮捕；拘留；n.hreat/oret/n.威胁；恐吓 sincerely/sm'sIali/adv.真诚地；逮捕；拘捕 reform /rI'fm/n.改革；V.改 诚实地 *humiliate /hju:'mliert/v.羞辱 革；改进 minimum/'mmm3m/adj.最低prison/'przn/n.监狱 的：最小的：最低限度的；n.最sow/sa/V.播种：种 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.candidate/'kaendidat/n.候选人；申请人 动词形式：candid(较少见，意为”坦率的) 构词解析：前缀cand-:表”白、明亮”（如candle'”蜡烛）：后缀-ate:构成名词或形容词，表”人 或性质”。 同类词：graduate(毕业生)、advocate(倡导者) 例句：There are three candidates running for the school president. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：All the一(candidate)need to submit their application forms by Friday..(答案：candidates) 2.certificate/sa'tifikat/n.文凭；合格证书 动词形式：certify(证明：颁发证书) 构词解析：前缀cet-:表”确定、确信”（如certain'”确定的”）：后缀-ficate:构成名词，表”证书、 文件”。 例句：She received a certificate after completing the training course. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The driver showed his driving certificate to the police. 高中沪教版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit1 3.mninimum/'mnmm/adj.最低的；n.最小值 反义词：maximum（最大的：最大值) 构词解析：前缀mini-:表”小的、最小的”：后缀-mum:构成名词或形容词，表”限度、范围”。 例句：The minimum age for driving in China is 1:8 years old, 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：You need to score a一(minimum)of60 points to pass the exam.(答案：minimum) 4.approve/A'pru:v/v.赞成；同意 名词形式：approval(批准；赞成) 形容词形式：approving(赞成的；认可的) 构词解析：前缀ap-(=ad-):表”朝向、加强”：词根prove:表”证明、验证”。 例句：The manager approved our plan after careful consideration. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：We are waiting for the teacher's一(approve)to hold the party..(答案：approval) 5.freedom/'firi:dam/n.(指权利)自由 形容词形式：free(自由的：免费的) 副词形式：freely(自由地；随意地) 构词解析：词根free:表自由”；后缀-dom:加在形容词后构成抽象名词，表状态、领域”。 同类词：kingdom(王国)、wisdom(智慧) 例句：Everyone has the right to freedom of speech. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：They fought for freedom and equality all their lives. 6.citizen/'stzn/n.公民 形容词形式：civic（公民的：市民的) 构词解析：词根civ-:表”城市、公民”（如civilization'”文明）：后缀-izen:构成名词，表”人”。 例句：Every citizen should obey the law 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Asa一(citizen),it's our duty to protect the environment..(答案：citizen) 7.constitution/,kDnstr'tju:n/n.章程；宪法 动词形式：constitute(组成；构成) 形容词形式：constitutional(宪法的：符合宪法的) 构词解析：前缀con-:表”共同、一起”；词根stit-:表站立、建立”；后缀-tion:构成名词，表 动作或结果”。 例句：The country's constitution guarantees basic human rights. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The new law is in line with the constitution. 8.arrest/h'test/v.逮捕；n.逮捕 名词形式：arrestee(被捕者) 形容词形式：arresting(引人注目的) 2 高中沪教版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit1 构词解析：前缀ar-(=ad-):表”加强”；词根rest:表停留、阻止”。 例句：The police arrested the thief in the shopping mall. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The suspect was under一(arrest)for theft.(答 案：arrest) 9.prison/'prizn/n.监狱 动词形式：imprison(监禁：关押) 构词解析：前缀im-:表”进入、使”；词根pris-:表”抓住、捕获”；后缀-on:构成名词。 例句：He was sent to prison for five years.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：The criminal was released from prison after serving his sentence. l0.discrimination/d,skrimI'nern/n.歧视 动词形式：discriminate(歧视：区别) 形容词形式：discriminatory（歧视性的) 构词解析：前缀dis-:表”分开、区别；词根crimin-:表判断、区分”；后缀-ation:构成名词。 例句：We should fight against racial discrimination.. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：It is illegal to一_(discrimination)against people because of their gender.(答案：discriminate) 1l.damage/'daemid/v.损害；n.损害 形容词形式：damaging(有害的：破坏性的) 构词解析：词根dam-:表”伤害、损失”；后缀-age:构成名词或动词，表”行为或结果”。 例句：The storm caused great damage to the village. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：Smoking is.一(damage)to your health.(答案： damaging) 12.threat/ret/n.威胁 动词形式：threaten（威胁；恐吓) 形容词形式：threatening(威胁性的) 构词解析：词根threat:表”威胁”；后缀-en:构成动词，表”使”；-ing构成形容词。 例句：The company is facing a threat of bankruptcy. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：The dark clouds and strong winds were.一(threat) signs of a coming storm.(答案：threatening) 13.reform'fm/n.改革；v.改革 形容词形式：reformatory(改革的；感化的) 构词解析：前缀re-:表”再次、重新’；词根fom-:表”形成、形状”。 例句：The government carried out a series of economic reforms. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册教材例句）：Educational reform has improved the quality of teaching 3 高中沪教版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲Unit1 l4.*humiliate/hju:'miliert/v.羞辱 名词形式：humiliation(羞辱；蒙羞) 形容词形式：humiliating(羞辱性的) 构词解析：前缀hum-:表”土、地面”（引申为”低下”）：后缀-ate:构成动词：-ion构成名词；-ing 构成形容词。 例句：He felt humiliated when his mistake was pointed out in public. 真题链接（沪教版高中选择性必修第二册同步练习）：She couldn't bear the(humiliate)and left the room quickly.(答案：humiliation) 综合训练 一、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The government plans to carry out new _(to improve people's life. 7.Everyone has the right to_()of speech in democratic countries. 8.The driver was asked to show his driving()to the police 9.We should fight against racial()in society. 10.The country's_()guarantees basic human rights for all citizens. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.The manager needs to give his_(approve)before we start the project. 7.Smoking is_(damage)to your health and should be avoided. 8.The suspect was under_(arrest)for theft and is now in police custody. 9.She couldn't bear the public_(humiliate)and left the room immediately. 10.The dark clouds and strong winds were_(threat)signs of a coming storm. 三、完成句子（每空一词) 5.中国的最低驾驶年龄是18岁。 Thefor driving in China is 18 years old 6.所有候选人必须在周五前提交申请表。 All the need to submit their application forms by Friday. 高中沪教版选择性必修第二册 词汇变形及词缀精讲 Unit 1 7.他因犯罪被送进监狱五年。 He was sent to _for five years for his crime. 8.新法律符合宪法精神。 The new law is in line with the 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Every_(citizen)should know their rights and responsibilities.The country's_(constitute)clearly states that everyone is equal before the law.However,some people still face(discriminate)due to their background.To protect their_(free),many have fought for social_(reform).For example, a group of students recently organized a campaign to stop(damage)behavior to the environment. They received_(approve)from the community and even caught the attention of local officials.Their actions proved that young people can make a difference when they stand up for justice 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.reform 7.freedom 8.certificate 9.discrimination 10.constitution II.用所给单词的适当形式填空 6.approval 7.damaging 8.arrest 9.humiliation 10.threatening III.完成句子 5.minimum age 6.candidates 7.prison 8.constitution V语篇填空 1.citizen 2.constitution 3.discrimination 4.freedom 5.reforms 6.damaging 1: approval 5