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高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
寒假专版
【Unit4】The senses
词汇变形及词缀精讲
全部单元单词
flavour/'flerva()/n.味道:口味
ripe /rap/adj.成熟的
somewhat/'sAmwDt/adv.稍微:
scent/sent/n.香味
exceptionally/k'sepfanali/adv.有点儿
rawo/adj.生的
特别:非常
texture/'tekstfa(r)/n.口感
insist/Im'sIst/v.坚持说
distinguish/d'stgw∫Yv.辨别:creamy/'kri:mi/adj.像奶油的:
tongue/t/n.舌;舌头
分清
含乳脂的
detect/dr'tekt/v.发觉:察觉
salty/'s:Iti/adj.咸的;含盐的
unpleasant/n'pleznt/adj.令人
bitter/bte)/adj.(食物等)苦sour/'saUa()/adj.酸的
不快的:不舒服的
的
sensitive/'sensatrv/adj.灵敏的;perceive /pa'si:v/v.察觉到;洞
cabbage/kaebid3/n.卷心菜;洋
善解人意的
察
白菜
bath /ba:θ/n.浴缸;浴盆
appetite/'epitart/n.食欲;胃口
onion/'nja/n.洋葱
pinch /pintf/v.捏
词汇变形及词缀精讲
1.bitter/'bta)/adj.(食物等)苦的
词汇变形
副词形式:bitterly(痛苦地:激烈地)
名词形式:bitterness(苦味:痛苦)
构词解析
后缀-y:加在形容词后构成副词;-nss加在形容词后构成名词,表”性质、状态”。
同类词:happy→happily→happiness
例句:The medicine tastes bitterly,.but it works well..
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):She was__bitter)disappointed when she
failed the exam.(答案:bitterly)
2.saly/so:Iti/adj.咸的:含盐的
词汇变形
名词形式:salt(盐)
构词解析
后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词,表”有…性质的:充满…的”。
高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
同类词:cloud→cloudy(多云的)、rain→rainy(下雨的)
例句:The soup is too salty for me to drink.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句):Eating too much salty food is bad for your health,
3.sour/'sa()/adj.酸的
词汇变形
动词形式:sor(变酸:使失望)
名词形式:sourness(酸味;刻薄)
构词解析
词性转换:形容词可直接作动词,后加-nss构成名词表”性质”。
例句:Milk will sour if you leave it in the sun
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):The lemon tastes
(sour),but it's rich in
vitamin C.(答案:sour)
4.sensitive/'sensatIv/adj.灵敏的;善解人意的
词汇变形
名词形式:sensitivity(敏感性;灵敏度)
动词形式:sense(感觉到:意识到)
构词解析
前缀sens-(感觉)+后缀-itive(构成形容词,表”有…倾向的”):-ity构成名词表”性质”。
同类词:active→activity(活动)、creative→creativity(创造力)
例句:Dogs have a sensitive sense of smell,
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):She has great
(sensitive)to other people's
feelings.(答案:sensitivity)
5.creamy/'kri:mi/adj.像奶油的;含乳脂的
词汇变形
名词形式:cream(奶油)
构词解析
后缀y:加在名词后构成形容词,表”像…的:充满…的”。
同类词:silk→silky(丝滑的)、honey→honey(蜂蜜的:甜美的)
例句:The ice cream has a creamy texture.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句):This cake is soft and creamy,.soit's very popular.
6.unpleasant/.n'pleznt/adj.令人不快的;不舒服的
词汇变形
反义词:pleasant(令人愉快的)
名词形式:unpleasantness(不愉快:不适)
构词解析
前缀un-(否定前缀,表”不、无”)+pleasant(愉快的):-ness构成名词。
同类词:happy一→unhappy(不开心的)、comfortable一uncomfortable(不舒服的)
例句:The room has an unpleasant smell,
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高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):It was an
(pleasant)experience to wait in
the rain for hours..(答案:unpleasant)
7.perceive /p'si:v/V.察觉到;洞察
词汇变形
名词形式:perception(感知;看法)
形容词形式:perceptive(有洞察力的)
构词解析
前缀per-(完全、贯穿)+ceive(拿、取):-tion构成名词,-ive构成形容词。
同类词:receive→reception(接待)、conceive→conception(概念)
例句:She perceived a change in his attitude
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):His(perceive)of the problem helped solve
it quickly.(答案:perception)
8.appetite/'aprtart/n.食欲;胃口
词汇变形
动词形式:appetize(刺激食欲)
形容词形式:appetizing(令人开胃的)
构词解析
前缀ap-(加强语气)+pet(寻求)+-ite(名词后缀):-ize构成动词,-ing构成形容词。
例句:The smell of food increased my appetite.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):Te
_(appetize)smell from the kitchen
made me hungry.(答案:appetizing)
9.distinguish/d'stmgwif/v.辨别;分清
词汇变形
名词形式:distinction(区别;差别)
形容词形式:distinct(清晰的:不同的)
构词解析
前缀dis-(分开)+stingu(刺)+-ish(动词后缀):-tion构成名词,-inct构成形容词。
固定搭配:distinguish A from B(区分A和B)
例句:It's hard to distinguish the two twins.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):There is a clear(
(distinguish)between
right and wrong.(答案:distinction)
l0.detect/d'tekt/v.发觉:察觉
词汇变形
名词形式:detection(侦查;发现)
形容词形式:detective(侦探的:侦探)
构词解析
前缀de-(向下、完全)+tect(覆盖):tion构成名词,-ive构成形容词/名词。
例句:The machine can detect small changes in temperature.
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高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):The police are busy with the
(detect)of
the crime.(答案:detection)
11.insist/m'sIst/v.坚持说
词汇变形
名词形式:insistence(坚持:主张)
形容词形式:insistent(坚持的;迫切的)
构词解析
前缀in-(加强语气)+sist(站立):-ence构成名词,-ent构成形容词。
固定搭配:insist on doing sth.(坚持做某事)
例句:She insisted that she was innocent.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):Hs
(insist)on leaving early made us
angy.(答案:insistence)
l2.somewhat/'sAmwDt/.adv.稍微;有点儿
词汇变形
近义词:a little,slightly
构词解析
so(一些)+what(什么)→字面意为”某事物”,引申为”在某种程度上”。
例句:The movie was somewhat boring.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册教材例句):The weather is somewhat better today than
yesterday.
l3.exceptionally/k'sep3nli/adv.特别;非常
词汇变形
形容词形式:exceptional(例外的;杰出的)
名词形式:exception(例外)
构词解析
前缀ex-(出)+cept(拿)+-ion(名词后缀)+-al(形容词后缀)+-y(副词后缀)。
同类词:nation→national→nationally
例句:She is exceptionally good at playing the piano.
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):He showed(exception)talent in math
when he was young.(答案:exceptional)
14.raw /o:/adj.生的
词汇变形
反义词:cooked(煮熟的)
名词形式:rawness(生;未加工)
构词解析
后缀-ness加在形容词后构成名词,表”状态”。
例句:Idon't like eating raw fish
真题链接(沪教版高中选择性必修第一册同步练习):The
(raw)of the meat made it hard to
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高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
chew.(答案:rawness)
综合训练
一、
根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
l.The soup has a strong一(苦味),so few people like it.
2.Her_(敏感性)to light makes her wear sunglasses even on cloudy days.
3.The_(found some important clues at the crime scene.
4.We should learn to _(right from wrong from an early age.
5.The_(酸味)of the orange made my teeth ache.
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.She was(bitter)upset when she heard the bad news.
2.The(salt)taste of the sea water made us thirsty.
3.His(perceive)of the situation helped him make the right decision.
4.The(appetize)smell of the cake drew everyone into the kitchen.
5.The(distinguish)between the two paintings is not easy for beginners.
三、完成句子(每空一词)
1.这牛奶在阳光下放太久会变酸。
The milk will if left in the sun for too long.
2.他坚持要自己完成这项工作。
He_
doing the work by himself.
3.狗有敏锐的嗅觉,能察觉到微小的气味变化。
Dogs have a_sense of smell and can small changes in odors.
4.吃太多咸的食物对健康有害。
Eating too much_food is-for your health.
四、语篇填空
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高中选择性必修第一册沪教版
【寒假专版】
词汇变形及词缀精讲
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
Food plays an important role in our daily life.Some people prefer sweet food,while others like
(bitter)taste.However,eating too much-(salt)food can cause health problems.For example,
it may reduce your_(appetite)and make you feel uncomfortable.Chefs need to have a good_
(perceive)of flavors.They can(distinguish)different tastes easily and create delicious dishes.
Some ingredients,like lemons,,add一(sour)to the food,which can make it more开胃的.It's also
important to detect bad food.The_(detect)of spoilage can prevent us from getting sick.Remember,
a balanced diet with different flavors is the key to staying healthy.
参考答案
I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.bitterness 2.sensitivity 3.detective 4.distinguish
5.sourness
Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.bitterly 2.salty 3.perception 4.appetizing
5.distinction
I.完成句子
1.sour 2.insists on 3.sensitive;detect 4.salty,bad
V.语篇填空
1.bitter 2.salty 3.appetite 4.perception 5.distinguish 6.soumess 7.detection
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