Unit 5 Humans and Nature Lesson1-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第二册（北师大版）

高中必修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 寒假专版 Unit 5:Humans and Nature Lesson 1 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 whirlpool/'w3lpu:/n.旋涡 的艺术 barrel/'baeral/n.桶 wave /werv/n.海浪：波涛 nystery/'mistri/n.神秘事物， curious/'kjuarias/adj.好奇的 escape'skep/vi.&t.逃离：难以理解的事物 observation /.Dbza'veifn/n. 逃避 soul/sal/n.灵魂 察：观察结果 survive/sa'varv/vi.&t.活下 frightened/'fraitnd/adj.受惊的，equal/'i:kwa/ad.相等的：相 来：幸存 害怕的 同的 float /flaut/vi.浮：漂 horrible/'hprab/adj.可怕的，extent/k'stent/n.面积：长度： file /far/n.档案，卷宗 吓人的，令人恐惧的 范围：程度 descent/dr'sent/n.下降，下落edge/ed3/n.边缘 tube /tju:b/n.圆管，管子：（伦 tidal/tad/adj.潮汐的，潮水的on the edge of在…边缘；某敦)地铁 poetry/p3Utri/n.诗歌；作诗事快要发生（尤指不好的事） 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.escape /I'skep/vi.&vt.逃离：逃避 名词形式：esca即e(可数/不可数，意为“逃跑：逃避”) 构词解析：前缀e(=ex-):表“出、向外”；词根scape意为“遮蔽处”，合在一起即“逃出遮蔽处” →逃离。 同类词：exit(出口，ex-+it“走”)、eject(喷射，e-+ject“扔”) 例句：The prisoners planned their escape for months but failed at last. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习)：She managed_(escape)from the burning building with the help of firefighters.(答案：to escape) 2.survive/sa'vav/vi.&t.活下来：幸存 名词形式：survival(生存；幸存)、survivor(幸存者) 构词解析：前缀sr-:表“超过、在…之上”；词根viv意为“生命”（如vital“至关重要的”），合 在一起即“生命超越（危险）”一幸存。 例句：Only a few people survived the plane crash. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2教材例句）：After the earthquake,.the number of(survive)was surprisingly small.(答案：survivors) 高中必修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 3.observation/obz3'veIn/n.观察；观察结果 动词形式：observe(观察；遵守) 形容词形式：observant(善于观察的) 构词解析：前缀ob-:表“朝向、对着”；词根seV意为“保持、守护”（如seve“服务”），合在一 起即“保持朝向（某物）”→观察；名词后缀-tion表“动作或过程”。 His careful observation of nature helped him write many great poems. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习）：The scientist spent years_(observe)the behavior of monkeys in the wild.(答案：observing) 4.equal/'i:kwal//ad.相等的：相同的 名词形式：equality(平等) 副词形式：equally 动词形式：equal(等于：比得上) 构词解析：前缀equ-:表“平等、相等”（如equity“公平”）：后缀-al构成形容词，-ity构成名词， y构成副词。 例句：Men and women should have equal rights in society. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习）：All students are treated__(equal)in this school, regardless of their background.(答案：equally) 5.mystery/'mIstri/n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物 形容词形式：mysterious（神秘的) 副词形式：mysteriously 构词解析：后缀-y:加在形容词或动词后构成名词，表“性质、状态或场所”；形容词形式由后缀 -ious构成（如curious“好奇的”）。 同类词：robbery(抢劫)、bravery(勇敢) 例句：The old castle is full of mysteries that no one has solved yet. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2教材例句)：She looked at him with a_(mystery)smile.(答案： mysterious 6.tidal/taId/adj.潮汐的，潮水的 名词形式：tide(潮汐：趋势) 构词解析：后缀-：加在名词后构成形容词，表“与…有关的”。 同类词：national(国家的)、natural(自然的) 例句：Tidal energy is a kind of clean and renewable energy. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习)：The (tide)waves can be very dangerous during a stom.(答案：tidal) 7.horrible/'hprabl/ad.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 名词形式：horror(恐怖：恐惧) 副词形式：horribly 构词解析：词根hor意为“恐惧”（如horrify“使恐惧”)：后缀-ible表“可…的”，但此处简化 为-ible→-able变体-oble(实际为horror+-ible),构成形容词。 2 高中必修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 例句：The horrible accident left a deep impression on everyone. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习）：She screamed in (horrible)when she saw the snake. (答案：horror) 8.curious/'kjoaris3sadj.好奇的 名词形式：curiosity(好奇心) 构词解析：词根cur(=care)意为“关心、注意”；后缀-ous表“具有…性质的”，合在一起即“过 于关心的”→好奇的。 固定搭配：be curious about(对…好奇) 例句：Children are naturally curious about the world around them, 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2教材例句)：His_(curious)led him to explore the unknown cave. (答案：curiosity) 9.descent/d'sent/n.下降，下落 动词形式：descend(下降；下来) 形容词形式：descending(下降的) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下”；词根scend意为“爬”（如ascend“上升”，a-表“向上”），合在 一起即“向下爬”→下降：名词后缀-ent变为-cent(因发音简化)。 例句：The plane began its descent to the airport. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习）：We watched the sun_(descend)behind the mountains. (答案：descend) l0.poetry/pauatri/n.诗歌；作诗的艺术 名词形式（个体）：poem(诗) 名词形式（诗人）：poet(诗人) 形容词形式：poetic(诗的；诗意的) 构词解析：词根poet意为“诗人”；后缀-y表“集合名词或艺术”，故poetry指诗歌的总称或艺术： poem则指具体的一首诗。 例句：She has a deep love for poetry and often writes her own poems. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习)：The__(poet)won the Nobel Prize for Literature for his great works..(答案：poet) 11.tube /tju:b/n.圆管，管子；（伦敦)地铁 动词形式：ube(用管子输送，较少用) 构词解析：无明显前后缀，为基本词汇；但可联想同类词：pipeline(管道，pipe“管子”+line“线”") subway(地铁，sub-“地下”+way“道路”)。 例句：Water flows through the tube into the tank. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习)：In London,.people often take the_一(ube)to work because it's fast.(答案：tube) l2.frightened/'fraitnd/adj.受惊的，害怕的 动词形式：frighten(使害怕) 3 高中必修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 名词形式：fright(惊吓) 构词解析：词根fright意为“惊吓”；后缀-en:(1)加在名词后构成动词（如strengthen“加强"”）；(2) 加在动词后构成形容词，表“被动完成”（如broken“破碎的”），此处frightened即“被惊吓的”。 例句：The frightened child hid behind his mother. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修2同步练习）：The loud noise (frighten)the birds away from the tree.(答案：frightened) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.The (潮汐的)waves are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon. 7.She has a strong (好奇心)about how the universe was formed.. 8.After the fire,only a few. (幸存者)were found in the building. 9.His of animal behavior has been published in a scientific magazine. 10.The soldiers made a successful from the enemy camp under the cover of night. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 5.The little girl was (frighten)by the loud thunderstorm last night 6.Water is (equal)important for both humans and animals 7.The (mystery)disappearance of the ancient city has puzzled historians for centuries. 8.He (survive)the accident but suffered serious injuries. 9.The (poet)read his latest work at the literary festival yesterday. 10.The (descend)of the mountain took us nearly three hours. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.他设法从即将倒塌的房子里逃了出来。 He managed from the falling house 2.这位科学家花了十年时间观察鸟类的迁徙模式。 The scientist spent ten years the migration patterns of birds 3.海啸是一种可怕的自然灾害。 A tsunami is a natural disaster. 高中必修2北师大版 【寒假专版】 词汇变形及词缀精讲 4.诗歌能给人带来美的享受和情感的共鸣。 can bring people aesthetic enjoyment and emotional resonance. 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Deep in the ocean,there are many (mystery)creatures that humans have not yet dis- covered.A team of scientists went on a research expedition to study (tide)ecosystems. During their journey,they faced a sudden storm,but all members(survive)through teamwork. One scientist,Dr.Lee,kept a journal to record her(observe).She noted that some fish could (descend)to great depths to avoid predators.The team also found a new species of glowing jellyfish,which moved(mysterious)in the dark water. Back on land,Dr.Lee wrote a report emphasizing the importance of protecting marine life.Her work received praise from the scientific community,and she was even invited to give a lecture on ocean (poetry)at a university. 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 6.tidal 7.curiosity 8.survivors 9.observation 10.escape Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 5.frightened 6.equally 7.mysterious 8.survived 9.poet 10.descent IL.完成句子 1.to escape 2.observing 3.horrible 4.Poetry V.语篇填空 1.mysterious 2.tidal 3.survived 4.observations 5.descend 6.mysteriously poetry