Unit 2 Sports and Fitness Lesson3-2025-2026学年高中英语词汇变形及词缀精讲必修第一册（北师大版）

高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 词汇精讲 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 词汇变形及词缀精讲 全部单元单词 relieve /rI'li:v/t.减轻，缓解 membership/'memba fip/m.会员detail/diterl/n.细节 strengthen/stre)0an/wi.&t.身份 pr'inciple/'prinsapl//原则，基本 (使)强健 equipment'kwipmant/n.设备，的观念 immune'mju:n/adj.免疫的：有 装备 amount/'maunt/n.数量，数额 免疫力的 capable/kerpabl/adj.能干的： shortcut /':tkAt/n.捷径，近路 system/'sIstam/n.系统 能力强的 overnight/,va'nat/adv.突然， immune system免疫系统 be capable of有能力做 一下子 cheer up(使高兴起来，（使）振prevent/pri'vent/t.预防：阻止，achievable/'ti:vabl/adj..可完 作起来 阻挡 成的：做得成的 weekly/wi:kli/adj.一周一次的，disease/d'zi:zn.疾病 make sure确保 每周的 upper /'Apa/ad.较上的，上面muscle/'mAsn.肌肉 be fed up with厌烦的，不满的，的 bone /b3Um/n.骨头，骨 无法再忍受的 f1 ow /flau/vi.流，流动：n.流动 satisfaction /saetis'faek fn/n. awkward/'o:kwad/adj.令人尴oxygen/'pksid3an/h.氧 足，满意 尬的 relief /ri'lifh.减轻，缓解 sweat /swet/n.汗水 particular /pa'tikjolar/n. 尤其，ache /erk/n.隐痛 overdo/aUva'd1:t.把…做 特别：adj.特定的 guideline/'gardlamn/n.指导方针，得过火 in particular尤其，特别 指导原则 benefit/benifit/.n.好处，益处 click /klik/vi.&vt.点击（鼠标） 词汇变形及词缀精讲 1.relieve/r'liv/t.减轻，缓解 名词形式：relief 构词解析：前缀re-:表“再次、回”；--lieve来自拉丁语“levare”(举起、减轻)：名词形式通过词 根变化为relief。. 同类词：believe(相信)→belief(信念) 例句：Taking medicine can relieve your headache. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：The news brought great一(relieve)to all of us..(答案： relief) 1 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 2.strengthen/'stren0an/vi.&t.(使)强健 名词形式：strength 构词解析：后缀-en:加在形容词/名词后构成动词，表“使…变得”；strength(力量)→strengthen (加强)。 同类词：wide(宽的)→widen(加宽)：length(长度)→lengthen(延长) 例句：Regular exercise can strengthen your body. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句)：He has been working hard to(strength)his English. (答案：strengthen) 3.particular /p3'trkjalar/adj.特定的；n.尤其 副词形式：particularly 构词解析：前缀pati-:表“部分”；后缀-ar:构成形容词，表“具有…性质的”；副词加后缀 -lyo 固定搭配：in particular(尤其，特别) 例句：She has a particular interest in music. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：I like all fruits,一(particular))apples.(答案：particularly) 4.benefit/'benifit/.好处；t.有益于 形容词形式：beneficial 构词解析：前缀bene-:表“好”；fit来自拉丁语“facere”(做)：形容词加后缀-icial。 固定搭配：benefit from(从…中受益)：be beneficial to(对…有益) 例句：Reading books benefits us a lot. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习)：Fresh air is一benefit)to our health.(答案：beneficial) 5.capable/keipabl/adj.能干的 名词形式：capability 反义词：incapable(无能的) 构词解析：前缀cap-：表“拿、抓”（如capture“捕获”)：后缀-able:构成形容词，表“有能力的”； 名词形式为capability。 固定搭配：be capable of(有能力做) 例句：She is capable of solving the problem alone.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：The team has the一(capable)to win the game.(答案： capability) 6.prevent /pri'vent/vt.预防；阻止 名词形式：prevention 构词解析：前缀pre-:表“预先”；-vent来自拉丁语“venire”（来)，字面义“预先来到”→阻止： 名词加后缀-ion。 固定搭配：prevent sb.from doing sth.(阻止某人做某事) 例句：We should take measures to prevent diseases.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：The一(prevent)of accidents is very important in the workplace.(答案：prevention) 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 7.flow /flau/vi..流动：n.流动 形容词形式：fluent(流利的，同根词) 构词解析：词根flu-:表“流动”（如fluid“液体”）：flow为基础动词/名词：fluent加后缀-ent表 “流动的”（引申为“流利的”）。 例句：The river flows through the city. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句)：She speaks English with一((fluency).(答案：fluency, 名词形式) 8.achievable /a'tfi:vabl/adj.可完成的 动词形式：achieve 名词形式：achievement 构词解析：前缀a-:表“朝向”；-chieve来自拉丁语“capere'”(抓住)；后缀-able:表“可…的”； 名词加后缀-ment。 例句：Setting small goals makes them more achievable 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习)：We are proud of our一(achieve)in science.(答案： achievements) 9.equipment/I'kwipmant/h.设备 动词形式：equip 构词解析：前缀equi-:表“相等、平等”；p为词根辅助音；后缀ment:构成名词，表“动作的结 果或工具”；equip(配备)→equipment(设备，不可数名词)。 例句：The lab has advanced equipment.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：The school will一(equipment)the new classroom with computers..(答案：equip) l0.guideline/'gardlam/h.指导方针 动词形式：guide 构词解析：词根guide（指导)：后缀-line:表“线、准则”；合成词guideline字面义“指导线”→ 指导方针。 同类词：headline(标题)、deadline(截止日期) 例句：Follow the guidelines when using the machine.. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：Teachers should(guide)students to learn independently. (答案：guide) ll.detail/di:terl/n.细节 动词形式：detail(详述，美式)detailed(adj.详细的) 构词解析：前缀de-:表“向下、完全”；tail来自法语“taille”(切割)，字面义“切成小块”→细 节：形容词加后缀-ed。 固定搭配：in detail(详细地) 例句：Please explain the plan in detail, 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习)：She gave a一(detail)description of the accident.(答案： detailed) 3 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 l2.principle/'prmsapl/h.原则 形容词形式：principal(主要的：校长) 构词解析：前缀prin-:表“首要”；-ciple来自拉丁语“capere'”(拿、掌握)：principal与principle 同源，前者侧重“主要的”，后者侧重“原则”。 例句：We should follow the basic principles of life. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句）：The一(principle)reason for his success is hard work.(答 案：principal) 13.overdo/,ava'd:/t.做得过火 过去式/过去分词：overdid/overdone 构词解析：前缀over-:表“过度、超过”：动词do(做)一overdo(做得过头)。 同类词：overwork(过度工作)、overeat(暴饮暴食) 例句：Don't overdo exercise,.or you'll get hurt 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1同步练习）：He一(over do)it and fell ill the next day.(答案：overdid) l4.overnight/,auva'nart/aw.突然；adj.一夜的 构词解析：合成词：over(越过)+night(夜晚)→字面义“越过夜晚”一一夜之间，突然。 例句：He became famous overnight. 真题链接（北师大版高中必修1教材例句)：The city changed(overnight)after the reform.(答案： overnight) 综合训练 一、 根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The doctor gave him some medicine to_()his pain. 2.Regular exercise can一（加强）your body and mind. 3.She has a_(特定的)interest in ancient Chinese history. 4.Fresh air and clean water are_(有益的)to our health, 5.The team showed great_(in solving the difficult problem. 6.We should take action to support the_(of environmental pollution. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The news of her safe arrival brought great_(relieve)to her family. 2.He has been working hard to _(strength)his relationship with his teammates. 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 3.I like all kinds of sports,(particular)swimming and running. 4.Reading widely_(benefit)us in many ways,especially in improving vocabulary. 5.The company is looking for someone_(capable)of managing a large team 6.The(achieve)of landing on the moon inspired generations of scientists. 7.The school will_(equipment)the lab with new computers next month. 三、完成句子（每空一词） 1.我们应该遵循这些指导方针来完成任务。 We should follow theseto finish the task. 2.她英语说得很流利，因为她每天都练习。 She speaks English because she practices every day. 3.这个目标虽然难，但并非不可实现。 Although the goal is difficult,it is not 4.他太专注于工作，结果做得过火了，病倒了。 He focused too much on work and-it,falling ill as a result 四、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Learning a foreign language requires patience and effective methods.First,setting-(achieve) goals is important.For example,learning 10 new words daily is more(achieve)than trying to learn 100 at once.Second,practicing speaking is necessary to become_(fluency).You can join a language club or talk with native speakers,which(benefit)your pronunciation and confidence. Moreover,paying attention to-(detail)like grammar rules and word usage helps avoid mis- takes.Teachers often(guide)students to use dictionaries and follow leamning(principle) Remember,progress doesn'thappen(overnight).With consistent effort,you'll see improvement soon 参考答案 I.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.relieve 2.strengthen 3.particular 4.beneficial 5.capability 6.prevention 5 高中英语北师大版 【必修1】 Unit 2:Sports and Fitness Lesson 3 IⅡ.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.relief 2.strengthen 3.particularly 4.benefits 5.capable 6.achievement 7.equip I.完成句子 1.guidelines 2.fluently 3.unachievable 4.overdid V.语篇填空 1.achievable 2.achievable 3.fluent 4.benefits 5.details 6.guide 7.principles P overnight 6