Unit3语法讲解及习题_ 过去进行时与连词when, while2025-2026学年鲁教版(五四学制）英语八年级上册

鲁教（五四学制）英语八上Unit3语法讲解及习题 过去进行时与连词when, while 一、过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense） （一）定义与语境 1. 核心定义 过去进行时用于描述在过去某一特定时间点或时间段内，正在进行或持续的动作。它强调的是动作的“进行中”状态，而非动作的完成。 2. 语境 过去某一具体时刻：at 8:00 last night, at this time yesterday 过去某一事件发生的同时：when the rainstorm came, while my mom was cooking 过去一段时间内持续的动作：from 7 to 9 last night, all morning yesterday （二）句子结构 1. 肯定句 结构：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing 例句： I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night. They were playing basketball when it started to rain. 2. 否定句 结构：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing 缩写：wasn't / weren't 例句： She wasn't doing her homework at that time. We weren't watching TV when you called. 3. 一般疑问句 结构：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing? 回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 例句： A: Were you reading at 9:00? B: Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 4. 特殊疑问句 结构：疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing? 例句： What were you doing at the time of the rainstorm? Who was he talking to when I saw him? （三）动词-ing 变化规则 1. 一般动词：直接加 -ing work → working, play → playing 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾：去 e 加 -ing take → taking, write → writing 3. 重读闭音节（辅-元-辅结尾）：双写末尾辅音字母加 -ing stop → stopping, run → running, shop → shopping 4. 以 ie 结尾：变 ie 为 y 加 -ing lie → lying, die → dying, tie → tying （四）与一般过去时的区别 时态 侧重点 时间标志 例句 过去进行时 动作在过去某时正在进行 at 8:00, when... I was reading at 8:00. 一般过去时 动作在过去已经完成 yesterday, last week I read a book yesterday. 二、连词 when 与 while 的用法 （一）when 的用法 1. 含义：当……时候 2. 核心句型 （1）主句（过去进行时）+ when + 从句（一般过去时） 逻辑：一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生。 例句：He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. 解析：“读书”是持续动作，“暴风雨来临”是瞬间插入的动作。 （2）When + 从句（过去进行时）+ 主句（一般过去时） 逻辑：在一个动作进行的过程中，另一个动作发生了。 例句：When I was walking home, it began to rain. 解析：“走路”是持续动作，“开始下雨”是在这个过程中发生的。 （3）When + 从句（一般过去时）+ 主句（一般过去时） 逻辑：两个动作先后发生。 例句：When I got home, my mom cooked dinner. 解析：“到家”和“做饭”是先后发生的两个独立动作。 （二）while 的用法 1. 含义：当……时候；与此同时 2. 核心句型 （1）While + 从句（过去进行时）+ 主句（过去进行时） 逻辑：两个动作在过去同时进行，持续时间大致相同。 例句：While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 解析：“睡觉”和“帮忙做作业”是同时进行的两个持续动作。 （2）While + 从句（过去进行时）+ 主句（一般过去时） 逻辑：在一个动作进行的过程中，另一个动作发生了。 例句：While I was reading, my brother called me. 解析：“读书”是持续动作，“打电话”是在这个过程中发生的瞬间动作。 （三）when 与 while 的对比总结 连词 从句时态 主句时态 核心逻辑 例句 when 一般过去时 过去进行时 一个动作发生时，另一个正在进行 He was reading when the rain came. when 过去进行时 一般过去时 一个动作正在进行时，另一个发生 When I was walking, it rained. while 过去进行时 过去进行时 两个动作同时进行 While I was sleeping, he was working. while 过去进行时 一般过去时 一个动作进行中，另一个发生 While I was reading, he called. 三、专项练习题 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1. What were you doing at eight last night? I __________ a shower. A. take B. took C. was taking D. am taking 2. What was she doing at the time of the rainstorm? She __________ her homework. A. do B. did C. was doing D. is doing 3. What was he doing when the rainstorm came? He __________ in the library. A. read B. reads C. was reading D. is reading 4. What was Ben doing when it began to rain heavily? When it began to rain, Ben __________ his mom make dinner. A. help B. helped C. was helping D. is helping 5. What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? While Linda was sleeping, Jenny __________ Mary with her homework. A. help B. helped C. was helping D. is helping 6. I __________ my breakfast when my brother __________ to the radio. A. was making; was listening B. made; listened C. was making; listened D. made; was listening 7. __________ I was eating, the radio news talked about a car accident near our home. A. When B. While C. Until D. Although 8. My brother and I went out right away to have a look. __________ we got to the place of the accident, the car __________ in bad shape from hitting a tree. A. When; was B. While; was C. When; were D. While; were 9. But luckily, the driver __________ fine. The roads __________ icy because of the heavy snow from the night before. A. was; were B. were; was C. is; are D. are; is 10. What were you doing at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? I __________. How about you? A. sleep B. slept C. was sleeping D. am sleeping 11. I was doing my homework. You're kidding! I __________ you were playing computer games. A. think B. thought C. was thinking D. am thinking 12. While John __________ photos, Mary __________ a drink. A. was taking; bought B. took; was buying C. was taking; was buying D. took; bought 13. John was taking photos when Mary __________ a drink. A. buy B. bought C. was buying D. buys 14. What __________ you __________ at 7:00 a.m. yesterday? I was making my breakfast. A. do; do B. did; do C. were; doing D. are; doing 15. While we __________ to the radio, someone __________ at the door. A. listened; knocked B. were listening; knocked C. were listening; was knocking D. listened; was knocking Ⅱ. 句型转换 16. I was taking a shower at eight last night. (改为一般疑问句) __________ you __________ a shower at eight last night? 17. She was doing her homework at the time of the rainstorm. (改为否定句) She __________ __________ her homework at the time of the rainstorm. 18. He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________ he __________ when the rainstorm came? 19. Ben was helping his mom make dinner when it began to rain. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________ Ben __________ when it began to rain? 20. Jenny was helping Mary with her homework while Linda was sleeping. (对划线部分提问) __________ __________ Jenny __________ while Linda was sleeping? 21. I was walking home. It began to rain. (用 when 合并句子) __________ I was walking home, it began to rain. 22. It began to rain. Ben was helping his mom make dinner. (用 when 合并句子) When it began to rain, Ben __________ __________ his mom make dinner. 23. Linda was sleeping. Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. (用 while 合并句子) While Linda was sleeping, Jenny __________ __________ Mary with her homework. 24. I was making my breakfast. My brother was listening to the radio. (用 while 合并句子) While I was making my breakfast, my brother __________ __________ to the radio. 25. We got to the place of the accident. The car was in bad shape. (用 when 合并句子) When we got to the place of the accident, the car __________ in bad shape. Ⅲ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 26. What __________ you __________ (do) at eight last night? I __________ (take) a shower. 27. What __________ she __________ (do) at the time of the rainstorm? She __________ (do) her homework. 28. What __________ he __________ (do) when the rainstorm came? He __________ (read) in the library. 29. What __________ Ben __________ (do) when it began to rain heavily? When it began to rain, Ben __________ (help) his mom make dinner. 30. What __________ Jenny __________ (do) while Linda was sleeping? While Linda was sleeping, Jenny __________ (help) Mary with her homework. Ⅳ. 情景对话 根据上下文，用合适的句子补全对话。 A: Hi, Tom. 31. ____________________________________________ (昨晚八点你在做什么？) B: I was watching TV. 32. _______________________________________ (你呢？) A: I was doing my homework. B: You're kidding! 33. ________________________________________ (我以为你在玩电脑游戏。) A: No, I was really doing my homework. 34. __________________________________________ (当暴风雨来的时候你在做什么？) B: I was helping my mom make dinner. A: That's good. 35. _________________________________________ (当你在帮妈妈做饭的时候，你爸爸在做什么？) B: He was reading the newspaper. 四、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 单项选择 (15题) 1. C. was taking 解析：at eight last night 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时。 2. C. was doing 解析：at the time of the rainstorm 是过去特定时间，用过去进行时。 3. C. was reading 解析：when the rainstorm came 表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，主句用过去进行时。 4. C. was helping 解析：when it began to rain 表示过去一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，主句用过去进行时。 5. C. was helping 解析：while Linda was sleeping 表示两个过去动作同时进行，主句用过去进行时。 6. A. was making; was listening 解析：while 引导的从句表示两个过去动作同时进行，主从句都用过去进行时。 7. B. While 解析：while 引导的从句表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生，从句用过去进行时。 8. A. When; was 解析：when 引导的从句表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，主句用一般过去时；the car 是单数，用 was。 9. A. was; were 解析：the driver 是单数，用 was；the roads 是复数，用 were。 10. C. was sleeping 解析：at nine o'clock last Sunday morning 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时。 11. B. thought 解析：“我以为”是过去的想法，用一般过去时。 12. C. was taking; was buying 解析：while 引导的从句表示两个过去动作同时进行，主从句都用过去进行时。 13. B. bought 解析：when 引导的从句表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，从句用一般过去时。 14. C. were; doing 解析：at 7:00 a.m. yesterday 是过去具体时间点，用过去进行时。 15. B. were listening; knocked 解析：while 引导的从句表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作发生，从句用过去进行时，主句用一般过去时。 Ⅱ. 句型转换 (10题) 16. Were; taking 解析：过去进行时的一般疑问句，将 was/were 提前。 17. wasn't doing 解析：过去进行时的否定句，在 was/were 后加 not。 18. What was; doing 解析：对过去正在进行的动作提问，用 What was/were...doing? 19. What was; doing 解析：对过去正在进行的动作提问，用 What was/were...doing? 20. What was; doing 解析：对过去正在进行的动作提问，用 What was/were...doing? 21. When/While 解析：when/while 均可表示“当……时候”，引导过去进行时的从句。 22. was helping 解析：when 引导的从句表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，主句用过去进行时。 23. was helping 解析：while 引导的从句表示两个过去动作同时进行，主句用过去进行时。 24. was listening 解析：while 引导的从句表示两个过去动作同时进行，主句用过去进行时。 25. was 解析：when 引导的从句表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行，主句用一般过去时。 Ⅲ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 (5题) 26. were; doing; was taking 27. was; doing; was doing 28. was; doing; was reading 29. was; doing; was helping 30. was; doing; was helping Ⅳ. 情景对话 (5题) 31. What were you doing at eight last night? 32. What about you? / How about you? 33. I thought you were playing computer games. 34. What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 35. What was your father doing while you were helping your mom make dinner? ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $