Unit 1 语法讲解及习题 Could 的用法 2025-2026学年鲁教版（五四学制）英语八年级上册

鲁教（五四学制）英语八上Unit1语法讲解及习题 Could的用法 一、语法核心讲解 1. 核心功能 本单元核心语法是情态动词 Could 的两大用法： 礼貌提出请求 (Make polite requests) 礼貌请求许可 (Ask for permission) 2. 用法对比与拓展 功能 基本句型 含义 例句 说明 请求 Could you please + 动词原形? 礼貌地要求对方做某事，语气最委婉 Could you please clean your room? 比 "Can you..." 更礼貌，常用于对长辈、陌生人或正式场合 Could you + 动词原形? 语气稍弱的礼貌请求 Could you help me with my homework? 省略 "please" 后语气稍显随意，但仍比 "Can you..." 礼貌 Would you mind + V-ing? 更委婉的请求 Would you mind closing the window? 回答：Not at all. / Sorry, I can't. 许可 Could I + 动词原形? 礼貌地请求允许自己做某事 Could I go out for dinner? 比 "Can I..." 更委婉，常用于向长辈、老师或上级请求许可 Could we + 动词原形? 礼貌地请求允许多人做某事 Could we get something to drink? 用于多人共同行动的许可请求 May I + 动词原形? 更正式的许可请求 May I come in? 语气比 "Could I..." 更正式，常用于正式场合 3. 常见答语 对请求 (Could you please...?) 的回应 肯定：Sure. / Yes, sure. / No problem. / OK. / Of course. / I'd be happy to. 否定：Sorry, I can't. I have to... / I'd love to, but I... / I'm afraid I can't. I'm busy right now. 对许可 (Could I...?) 的回应 肯定：Sure, that should be OK. / Yes, you can. / Of course. / Go ahead. 否定：No, you can't. / I'm afraid not. You have to... / Sorry, but you can't. You need to finish your homework first. 4. 语法要点 Could 不是 can 的过去式：在本单元中，could 不表示过去，而是表示现在或将来的委婉语气。 答语中不用 could：在回答 "Could you...?" 或 "Could I...?" 时，肯定回答用 can，否定回答用 can't，不用 could。 例：Could you help me? → Yes, I can. / No, I can't. Could you please...? 的否定形式：Could you please not + 动词原形? 例：Could you please not smoke here? 二、专项练习题 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1. — Could you please sweep the floor in the living room? — ___________. I'm going to clean the living room. A. Yes, you can B. No problem C. Sorry, I can't D. Yes, I could 2. — Could I use your computer? — ___________. But you have to finish your homework first. A. I'm afraid not B. No, you can't C. Sure, that should be OK D. Yes, you could 3. Could you please ___________ the rubbish? A. take out B. to take out C. taking out D. took out 4. — Could I hang out with my friends after school? — ___________. You have a lot of homework to do. A. Yes, you can B. No, you can't C. Sure D. Of course 5. Could you please ___________ me a favor? A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 6. — Could you please pass me the salt? — ___________. Here you are. A. Sorry B. No, I can't C. Yes, sure D. I'm busy 7. Could I ___________ that book? I finished reading it last night. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. return 8. — Could you help me do the dishes? — ___________. I cut my finger and I'm trying not to get it wet. A. Yes, I can B. No problem C. Sorry, I can't D. Sure 9. Could you please ___________ your clothes? They are everywhere. A. fold B. to fold C. folding D. folded 10. — Could we get something to drink after the movie? — No, you ___________. You have a basketball game tomorrow. A. couldn't B. can't C. shouldn't D. mustn't 11. Could you please ___________ the dog for a walk? It's too dirty. A. take B. to take C. taking D. took 12. — Could I use your phone? — ___________. I'm waiting for an important call. A. Sure B. I'm afraid not C. Yes, you can D. No problem 13. Could you please ___________ the room? It's a mess. A. clean B. to clean C. cleaning D. cleaned 14. Could you please ___________ here? The sign says "No smoking". A. not smoke B. not to smoke C. not smoking D. don't smoke 15. Could I ___________ your bike? Mine is broken. A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. use Ⅱ. 句型转换 16. You can't go out to play. (改为委婉的否定回答) No, you ___________. You have to finish your homework first. 17. Can you help me with my English? (改为更礼貌的请求) ___________ you please ___________ me with my English? 18. I can use your dictionary. (改为礼貌的请求) ___________ I ___________ your dictionary? 19. Please take out the trash. (改为礼貌的请求) ___________ you please ___________ out the trash? 20. You can't borrow my car. (改为委婉的否定回答) I'm afraid ___________. I need it this afternoon. 21. Can I sit here? (改为更礼貌的请求) ___________ I ___________ here? 22. Help me make the bed. (改为礼貌的请求) ___________ you please ___________ me make the bed? 23. You can't stay out late. (改为委婉的否定回答) No, you ___________. It's too dangerous. 24. Can you pass me the pen? (改为更礼貌的请求) ___________ you please ___________ me the pen? 25. I can use your phone. (改为礼貌的请求) ___________ I ___________ your phone? Ⅲ. 情景对话 根据上下文，用合适的句子补全对话。 A: Hi, Tom. 26. ___________ (我可以用一下你的自行车吗？) Mine is broken. B: 27. ___________ (当然可以。) When do you need it? A: This afternoon. 28. ___________ (你能帮我把它推到门口吗？) It's a bit heavy. B: 29. ___________ (没问题。) But ___________ 30. (我们看完电影后可以去吗？) A: Sure. I'll finish my homework first. Ⅳ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 31. Could you please ___________ (sweep) the floor? 32. Could I ___________ (hang) out with my friends? 33. Could you please ___________ (fold) your clothes? 34. Could we ___________ (get) something to drink? 35. Could you please ___________ (take) the dog for a walk? 三、答案与解析 Ⅰ. 单项选择 1. B. No problem 解析：对方请求帮忙扫地，回答“没问题”表示同意。 2. C. Sure, that should be OK 解析：对方请求使用电脑，回答“当然，没问题”表示同意，并附加条件。 3. A. take out 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形。 4. B. No, you can't 解析：对方请求放学后出去玩，回答“不行”，因为有很多作业。 5. A. do 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，do sb. a favor 是固定搭配。 6. C. Yes, sure 解析：对方请求递盐，回答“当然可以”，并递过去。 7. A. borrow 解析：borrow 表示“借入”，lend 表示“借出”。句意为“我能借那本书吗？” 8. C. Sorry, I can't 解析：对方请求帮忙洗碗，回答“抱歉，不行”，因为割破了手指。 9. A. fold 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形。 10. B. can't 解析：对 Could we...? 的否定回答用 No, you can't。 11. A. take 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形，take the dog for a walk 是固定搭配。 12. B. I'm afraid not 解析：对方请求使用手机，回答“恐怕不行”，因为在等重要电话。 13. A. clean 解析：Could you please 后接动词原形。 14. A. not smoke 解析：Could you please not + 动词原形，表示“请你不要做某事”。 15. A. borrow 解析：borrow 表示“借入”，句意为“我能借你的自行车吗？” Ⅱ. 句型转换 16. can't 解析：对 Could I...? 的否定回答用 No, you can't。 17. Could; help 解析：将 Can you...? 改为更礼貌的 Could you please...? 18. Could; use 解析：将 I can... 改为礼貌的请求 Could I...? 19. Could; take 解析：将祈使句改为礼貌的请求 Could you please...? 20. not 解析：I'm afraid not 是委婉的否定回答。 21. Could; sit 解析：将 Can I...? 改为更礼貌的 Could I...? 22. Could; help 解析：将祈使句改为礼貌的请求 Could you please...? 23. can't 解析：对 Could I...? 的否定回答用 No, you can't。 24. Could; pass 解析：将 Can you...? 改为更礼貌的 Could you please...? 25. Could; use 解析：将 I can... 改为礼貌的请求 Could I...? Ⅲ. 情景对话 26. Could I use your bike? 27. Sure, that should be OK. 28. Could you please help me push it to the door? 29. No problem. 30. could we go after the movie? Ⅳ. 用所给词的适当形式填空 31. sweep (Could you please 后接动词原形) 32. hang (Could I 后接动词原形) 33. fold (Could you please 后接动词原形) 34. get (Could we 后接动词原形) 35. take (Could you please 后接动词原形) ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $