Unit 2 Amazing numbers 重要知识点讲解 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

沪教(牛津)英语八上Unit2 Amazing numbers 重要知识点讲解 一、重点单词 1. number / n mb (r)/ n. 数字 核心讲解:可数名词,意为“数字”。也可作动词,意为“给……编号;总计”。 例句:Think of a number between one and ten, and let me guess what it is. 2. challenge / t l nd / v. 向(某人)挑战 核心讲解:及物动词,固定搭配 challenge sb to sth(向某人挑战某事)。也可作名词,意为“挑战”。 例句:Our PE teacher challenges us to run 800 meters in less than three minutes. 3. promise / pr m s/ v. 承诺;保证 核心讲解:及物动词,常见结构: promise (not) to do sth 承诺(不)做某事 promise sb sth / promise sth to sb 许诺某人某事 promise + that 从句 承诺…… 名词形式:promise(诺言),常见短语:make a promise(许下承诺)、keep a promise(信守承诺)、break a promise(违背诺言)。 例句:My dad promised to take me to the basketball game if I pass my English test. 4. amount / ma nt/ n. 数量;数额 核心讲解:不可数名词,意为“数量;数额”。常见短语: a large amount of 大量的(后接不可数名词) the amount of ……的数量(后接不可数名词,作主语时谓语用单数) 例句:The amount of time we spend on homework every day is about two hours. 5. rest /rest/ n. 剩余部分 核心讲解:名词,意为“剩余部分”,常用结构 the rest of…(……的剩余部分)。作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于所指代的名词。也可表示“休息”,短语:have/take a rest。 例句:The rest of the students are going to the library to borrow some books. 6. reply /r pla / v. 回复;答复 核心讲解:不及物动词,常与介词 to 搭配(reply to sb/sth),相当于 answer,但更正式。 例句:I sent a message to my friend, but she hasn’t replied to me yet. 7. wonder / w nd (r)/ v. 想知道;琢磨 核心讲解:及物动词,后常接 if/whether 或“疑问词+不定式”作宾语。名词形式:wonder(奇迹;奇观)。 例句:I wonder if our school will have a sports meeting next month. 8. check /t ek/ v. 检查;核查 核心讲解:及物动词,指核对信息、检查事物是否正确。常见短语: check in(在旅馆、机场等)登记办理手续 check out 结账离开(旅馆等) 例句:Please check your answers carefully before you hand in your homework. 9. instead of / n sted v/ prep. 代替;作为……的替换 核心讲解:介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,表示“用……代替……”,常含有否定被替代事物的意思。 易混辨析: instead of:后接名词/代词/动名词,表“代替”。 instead:单独作副词,用于句末,表“相反;却”。 in place of:后接名词,表“代替”,语气更正式。 例句:Instead of playing computer games, I decided to finish my math homework first. 10. flight /fla t/ n.(尤指乘飞机的)航程 核心讲解:可数名词,指一次飞行的航程或航班。其动词形式为 fly(飞;飞行)。 例句:The flight from Shanghai to Guangzhou takes about 2.5 hours. 11. everywhere / evriwe (r)/ adv. 到处;各个地方 核心讲解:副词,指在所有地方或各个地方,可作状语或表语。 例句:After the sports meeting, there were empty bottles and waste paper everywhere on the playground. 12. exactly / z ktli/ adv. 准确地;确切地 核心讲解:副词,用于强调信息的精确性,其形容词形式为 exact(准确的;精确的)。 例句:The school bus arrives at exactly 7:30 every morning, so we must not be late. 二、重点短语 1. flight schedule 航班时刻表 核心讲解:名词短语,指列出航班出发和到达时间的表格,也叫 timetable。 例句:You can find the latest flight schedule on the airport’s official website. 2. price tag 价格标签 核心讲解:名词短语,指附在商品上标明价格的标签。 例句:The price tag on the jacket said it was 200 yuan, but I got it on sale for 150 yuan. 3. for a moment 片刻;一会儿 核心讲解:介词短语,指一段很短的时间,常与动词 wait, stop, think 等搭配。 例句:Please wait for a moment; I need to check my bag to make sure I have my keys. 4. without hesitation 毫不犹豫 核心讲解:介词短语,指做决定或行动时没有丝毫迟疑。 例句:When the teacher asked for volunteers to help clean up the classroom, Tom raised his hand without hesitation. 5. go up 上升 核心讲解:动词短语,指数量、价格、水平等向上增长或提高,反义词为 go down(下降)。 例句:The price of oil has gone up again, which means it will be more expensive to drive a car. 6. go down 下降 核心讲解:动词短语,指数量、价格、水平等向下减少或降低,反义词为 go up(上升)。 例句:The number of traffic accidents in our city has gone down since the new traffic rules were introduced. 7. write down 写下;记下 核心讲解:动词短语,指把信息、想法等记录在纸上,同义词为 note down。 例句:I always write down new English words in my notebook so I can review them later. 8. instead of 代替;作为……的替换 核心讲解:介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,表示“用……代替……”,常含有否定被替代事物的意思。 易混辨析: instead of:后接名词/代词/动名词,表“代替”。 instead:单独作副词,用于句末,表“相反;却”。 in place of:后接名词,表“代替”,语气更正式。 例句:Instead of watching TV after dinner, I decided to go for a walk to get some exercise. 三、重点句式 1. would like 的用法 核心讲解:意为“想要”,表示意愿,常缩写为 ’d like。常见结构: would like sth 想要某物 would like to do sth 想要做某事 would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 拓展:“Would you like…?” 用于礼貌地提出邀请或请求,回答可用: 肯定:Yes, I’d like/love to. / Yes, please. 否定:No, thanks. / I’d like to, but… 例句: I’d like a cup of hot tea because it’s very cold outside. We’d like to visit the history museum this weekend if we have time. The teacher would like us to finish reading the story before the next class. 2. “疑问词 + 动词不定式(短语)”结构 核心讲解:这是一个常用结构,意为“如何/什么/何时……做某事”,在句中可作宾语,常用于 forget, find out, decide, know, tell, teach, wonder 等动词之后。 例句: He looked at the broken bike and wondered how to fix it. Can you tell me how to get to the nearest underground station from here? I don’t know what to buy for my mother’s birthday. 四、核心语法 1、基数词 核心讲解:基数词用于描述事物的数量,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。 分类及读法: 1–12:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve(需逐个背诵)。 13–19:thirteen, fourteen, fifteen… 均以后缀 -teen 结尾。注意:thirteen, fifteen 并非直接在 three 和 five 后加 -teen;eight 词尾是 t,只加 -een。 几十:twenty, thirty, forty… 均以后缀 -ty 结尾。注意:twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, eighty 的拼写。 几百几十几:先说“几百”,再说“几十”,百位数与十位数之间用 and 连接。 一千以上:从右往左数,每三位添加一个逗号,分别读作 thousand, million, billion。 用法: 用于名词前表示数量的多少:I have three new friends. 表示年龄:I am fourteen. 表示时间:It is six o’clock now. 表示价格:The new bike costs me five hundred and eighty-five dollars. 2、序数词 核心讲解:序数词用来表示事物的顺序,可作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。 分类及构成: 第一至第三:first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd)(特殊,需逐个背诵)。 第四至第十九:fourth (4th), fifth (5th)… 在基数词后加后缀 -th。注意:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 的拼写。 整十数:twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th)… 将基数词词尾 -ty 变为 -tieth。 几十几:如 thirty-second (32nd),十位数不变,个位数变成相应的序数词。 口诀助记: 基变序,有规律。1, 2, 3 特殊记,加 -th 从 4 起。8 少 t, 9 去 e,千万别忘了。看见 5, 12,ve 变 f。20 到 90,y 变 ie。若是几十几,前后基序别倒记。 用法: 表示日期:2009年10月1日 the first of October, two thousand and nine 表示顺序:He is always the first to arrive. 表示楼层:He lives on the fourth floor. 表示事物的编号:the seventh lesson 表示分数:1/3 one third;3/5 three fifths(分子大于1,分母加 -s) ( 1 ) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $