Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件聚焦名词性从句，系统讲解其分类、连接词及it作形式主/宾语用法，通过教材原句分析引导学生自主归纳从句类型，搭建从实例感知到理论总结的学习支架，衔接语法知识脉络。 其亮点在于语法探究结合教材语境培养语言能力，自主归纳环节提升思维品质，核心词汇精研与语法练习结合增强学习能力。如名词性从句分类详解及连接词用法实例，帮助学生掌握语法并应用于写作，教师可高效开展语法教学。

Unit 3　Careers and skills Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 内容索引 语法探究 1 课时精练 3 知识拾遗 2 语法探究 返回 新知导学 名词性从句 教材示例 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)It is certainly true that most of us do join the labour force once our studies are completed. 2．(教材原句)We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole. 3．(教材原句)As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future，you might ask a question whether you should start your own business. 4．(教材原句)Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. 我的发现 1．句1中，that引导_____从句； 2．句2中that引导_______从句； 3．句3中what引导_____从句，whether引导_______从句； 4．句4中that引导_____从句。 主语 同位语 宾语 同位语 表语 语法精讲 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 Whether she will join us does not matter too much.(主语从句) 她是否加入我们不重要。 After many days' voyage，they arrived in what is called Africa nowadays.(宾语从句) 经过许多天的航行之后，他们到达了如今被称之为非洲的地方。 The trouble is that we are short of funds.(表语从句) 困难在于我们缺乏资金。 The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句) 他们赢得了比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。 二、名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词分为三类： 连词：that，whether，if 连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which 连接副词：when，where，how，why 1．that引导名词性从句的用法 (1)that只起连接词作用，引导名词性从句，在从句中不作任何成分，本身也没有词义。 That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。 John said (that) he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。 (2)that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不宜省略。 ①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略； ②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引入第二个从句的连词that不可省略； ③当that宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略； ④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不能省略； ⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。 The teacher told the students (that)they should hand in their homework the next day and that the homework must be signed by their parents. 老师告诉学生要在第二天上交作业，并且作业必须由家长签名。 The fact that he has fully recovered makes me feel good. 他已痊愈，真令我高兴。 2．whether/if引导名词性从句的用法 (1)if，whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。 (2)whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether： ①whether引导主语从句并放在句首； ②引导表语从句； ③whether从句作介词宾语； ④从句后有“or not”； ⑤后接动词不定式时。 Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test. 现在的问题是她是否应该对这次测试有较低的评价。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 3.疑问词who，whom，whose，what，which，where，why，when，how引导名词性从句的用法 疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来。它们的特点是： (1)疑问词保留自己的疑问含义； (2)疑问词在从句中担当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语； (3)疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 Do you know whom they are looking for? 你知道他们在找谁吗？ I don't know who did it. 我不知道这是谁干的。 4．whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever引导名词性从句的用法 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中whatever，whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that，whoever＝anyone who。 I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。 Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。 三、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句 1．that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很显然，整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非离开不可，这真是件遗憾事。 2．whether/who/what ...等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。 It has not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做那项工作。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。 3．动词find，feel，consider，make，believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。 I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好待在这儿。 4．有些动词如：have，take(认为)，put(表达)，like，see to等＋形式宾语it＋that从句。 I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。 5．表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词enjoy，hate，love，like，dislike，appreciate，prefer等＋it＋when (if) 从句。 I like it when people are open and straight. 我喜欢人们开朗、坦率的性格。 I really appreciate it when she offered to help. 如果她能帮助我做这件事，我会十分感激。 I would prefer it if you would not use such a mocking tone. 如果你不使用这么一种嘲弄的口吻，我会更喜欢。 体系构建 返回 知识拾遗 返回 核心词汇精研 1 budget n．预算 (教材原句)For instance，you will have to work out weekly，monthly and yearly budgets，and a wrong decision might cost the company a great deal and put other people's jobs on the line. 例如，你将必须制定每周、每月和每年的预算，一个错误的决定可能使公司蒙受巨大损失，而且可能让他人工作不保。 (1)on a tight budget　　　 预算紧张；手头拮据 over budget 超过预算 under budget 低于预算 (2) budget for 在编制预算时考虑；为……做预算 佳句　I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly unless the airlines lower ticket price. 我的旅行预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。 名师点津budget还可用作动词，意为“谨慎花钱；把……编入预算”；用作形容词，意为“特价的，便宜的”。 ◎练透——写出下列句中budget的含义 ①The work was finished on time and within budget. _____ ②If we budget carefully，we'll be able to afford the trip. _________ ③He bought the house at a budget price. _______________ ◎写美——微写作 ④He always tries his best to help the homeless people though he is _______________ himself. 尽管他自己手头拮据，但他总是尽力帮助无家可归的人。 预算 谨慎花钱 特价的，便宜的 on a tight budget 2 qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 (教材原句)After much thought，I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualifications by studying art at university. 经过深思熟虑，我决定通过在大学学习艺术来培养这些技能并获得符合要求的资历。 (1)qualify vt.　　　　　 使合格；使具备资格 vi. 取得资格(或学历)，合格 qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 qualify sb for sth 使某人胜任某事，使某人有做某事的资格 (2)qualified adj. 有资格的，合格的，胜任的 be qualified to do sth 有资格做某事 be qualified for 具备……资格的；适合担任……的 佳句　He has educational qualifications and hence he is well qualified for the job as a tutor. 他有教育资历，因此他很能胜任家庭教师的工作。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The certificate qualifies you ________(work) as a dental assistant. ②Winning the title is only the first step and the team still has a lot of work to do to qualify ___ the 2026 Winter Olympics. ③Introducing tourist attractions with accurate history and vivid stories is the basic requirement for a _________(qualify) tour guide. ④Some nursing experience is a necessary _____________(qualify) for this job. ◎写美——微写作 ⑤I think I _____________________________，because I have learned Chinese painting since childhood. 我想我能胜任这份工作，因为我从小就学习中国画。 to work for qualified qualification am qualified for this job 3 label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 (教材原句)Clothes with designer labels in shops are generally thought to be too expensive. 人们普遍认为商店里的名牌服装太贵。 (1)on the label　　　 在标签上 (2)label sth with sth 用……称……；给……贴上……的标签 label...as... 称……为…… be labelled as 被称为…… 佳句　It is unfair to label a small baby as naughty. 给小婴儿贴上淘气的标签是不公平的。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①According to the symbol ___ the label，this sweater should be washed by hand. ② You'd better label the bags _____ all necessary information so as not to confuse them. ③If you spend any time in prison，you are labelled ___ a criminal for the rest of your life. ◎写美——微写作 ④Each bag of seeds __________________ the grower's name. 每袋种子都标有种植者的名字。 on with as is labelled with 维度一　单词拼写 1．The _______(客户)are required to pay fees in advance if they want to order the company's products. 2．Gently ______(摆动)your right arm in a clockwise direction. 3．He had to sell his car to repay the ____(贷款)from the bank. 4．The information on the _____(标签)can tell you the material of the clothes. 5．It is a pity that we have to decorate our house on a tight ______(预算)． 随堂演练 clients swing loan label budget 维度二　单句语法填空 1．Salary will be determined according to your working experience and _______________(qualify)． 2．And I even joined the local fishing club and started attending the _______ (month) meetings. 3．The publishers planned to produce the journal on a ______ (week) basis. 4．He failed to see the __________ (commerce) value of his discovery. 5．The bank is happy to loan money __ small businesses. qualification monthly weekly commercial to 维度三　语法与写作 1．Let's ___________________ and make efforts to make our campus more and more beautiful. 让我们立即行动起来，努力让我们的校园越来越美丽。 2．________________________ must be kept secret. 在这里说的任何话都必须保密。 3．Now the problem is _________________________________． 现在的问题是他是否能通过考试。 swing into action Whatever is said here whether he can pass the exam (or not) 返回 课时精练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．Obviously，it was just an excuse he made to cover the fact ____ he hadn't done his homework. 2．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears.No one in the office knew ____ she was so angry. 3．Experience is _____ matters—age is of secondary importance. 4．—I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That's ______ I don't agree.You should have a more active life. 5．The best moment for the football star was _____ he scored the winning goal. 6．He promised to give a great reward to ________ found the gold watch. 基础达标 that why what where when whoever 7．It is not a problem _______ we can win the battle or not；it's just a matter of time. 8．I have no idea ____ will be in charge of the company when the manager is away. 9．It is often the case ____ anything is possible for those who hang onto hope. 10．Do not let any failures discourage you，for you can never tell ____ close you may be to victory. whether who that how 维度二　语法与写作 1．___________________was that the concert was called off. 令我们吃惊的是音乐会被取消了。 2．The old man can't remember _______________________． 老人记不起是谁撞倒他的了。 3．_____________________________ will be dismissed. 无论谁上班迟到都将被解雇。 4．He is hesitating about ____________________________________． 他在犹豫是否应该告诉她真相。 5．He was late for work for the reason ________________________． 他上班迟到是因为误了第一班火车。 What surprised us who knocked him down Whoever are late for work whether he should tell her the truth (or not) that he missed the first train 维度三　语法与语篇 It was reported 1.____ there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.According to 2._____ the police said，a car ran into a truck but fortunately，nobody got injured.3._____will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain 4._______ the driver was guilty or not.5._____ the police should do now is 6.____ they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.____ the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.____ the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn't admit the fact 9.____ he was over-speed driving at the turning.The police doubted 10._______ what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. that what Who whether What that how that that whether 素能提升 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Most Chinese know the story of the mythological(神话的)Chang'e—the Chinese goddess of the moon.It's a story about a woman who takes an immortality(永生)pill and flies to the moon.It is told every year during China's Mid-Autumn Festival，so people can't hear the word “Chang'e” without thinking of romantic images of a moon goddess. 　　For this reason，China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.Therefore，pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander have gone viral on Chinese social media for her work on the Chang'e-5 Moon exploration programme with comments about how she is a “frontline soldier in the field of aerospace” that young Chinese can look up to. 　　Ms Zhou，a 24-year-old lady of Tujia Ethnic group，is China's youngest ever space commander.She was involved in the successful launch of the Chang'e-5 lunar probe on 24 November，in charge of the rocket connector system，described as a key role. 　　In Wenchang space launch site，though she is only 1.58 meters and looks “mini”，she is called “big sister” for her powerful “core and energy”．Since senior high，she has dreamed of being a member of a space research team.With her great efforts，she was admitted to an aircraft system and engineering major of a domestic university in 2014，making her aerospace dream come true.To grow into a commander，in two and a half years，she changed five positions to be familiar with multiple posts and types of work，each of which takes great courage and is full of challenges.In a working space with no air conditioning and narrow space to accommodate only three people，she worked for 60 days until the completion of “the Lang March 5 rocket goes around” battle. 　　Her story has received attention from Chinese state-run media as well as overseas media outlets.However，it has not appeared to have had much of an effect on her.According to the media，she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了参与嫦娥五号探索计划的年轻女指挥官周女士为实现航天梦想而努力的故事。 1．Why does the writer mention the myth of Chang'e at the beginning of the passage? A．To introduce the topic. B．To give an example. C．To tell a romantic story. D．To spread Chinese culture. 推理判断题。本文第一段介绍了嫦娥奔月的神话故事；根据第二段中“For this reason，China's mission to the moon was calling out for a strong female figure.”可知，第一段提到嫦娥奔月的神话是为了引出下文周女士参与嫦娥五号探索计划这个话题，故选A项。 √ 2．What makes people think of Ms Zhou as a pioneer for the youth in aerospace? A．Her youth and beauty. B．Her pictures on the media. C．Her identity of Tujia Ethnic group. D．Her performance in the moon-landing program. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Therefore，pictures of a 24-year-old female space commander... young Chinese can look up to.”可知，周女士在登月计划中的表现让人们认为周女士是年轻人在航天领域的先驱，故选D项。 √ 3．Why did Ms Zhou reject the media's invitation to interviews? A．Because she was too shy. B．Because she was not available. C．Because she feared her fame might affect her career. D．Because she considered fame nothing but a burden. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“According to the media，she declined repeated requests for interviews because she does not wish to let fame get in the way of her work.”可知，周女士拒绝媒体采访是因为她不想让出名妨碍了她的工作，故选C项。 √ 4．What can we learn from Ms Zhou's story? A．Attitude is altitude. B．The early bird catches the worms. C．Many hands make light work. D．Diligence makes up for inability. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“To grow into a commander...and is full of challenges.”和相关内容可知，周女士为了实现自己的航天梦，付出了很大的决心和努力，故选A项。 √ B 　　“Easy come，easy go” as the old saying goes.It's easy to do easy things，but they don't carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult.Stanley said he tried to express that view everywhere he went.And he spoke from experience，having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut，US Navy captain，fighter pilot，and engineer. 　　Stanley spoke at the University of North Alabama，sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS)．He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head.It also needed some time to recover when he returned home.“My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn't had that pressure so long，” Stanley said. 　　He discussed life aboard the Space Station，including spending time with Russian astronauts.He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together，worked together，and had to rely on each other.He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life. 　　Though life there was not easy，Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space.He also discussed experiences growing up，admitting that he wasn't always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination. 　　“Never give up or lower your dreams.If you work for it，all things are possible.There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don't even try.And when you succeed after trying hard，you'll find it really rewarding，” Stanley said in the end. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过Stanley的故事告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。 5．Based on Stanley's experience，which is his major occupation? A．A speaker. B．A spaceman. C．A firefighter. D．A scientist. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Stanley spoke at the... International Space Station (ISS)．”和第四段中“Though life there was not easy，Stanley never regretted being an astronaut and going to space.”可知，根据Stanley的经历，宇航员是他的主要职业，故选B项。 √ 6．What may benefit Stanley most when he lived with Russian astronauts? A．He developed good relationships with others. B．He picked up different cultures. C．He found the fun of living in the Space Station. D．He won some awards through teamwork. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“He discussed life aboard... things in his life.” 可知，当Stanley和俄罗斯宇航员生活在一起时，他与他人建立了良好的关系，这使他获益最大。故选A项。 √ 7．Which of the following words can best describe Stanley? A．Determined. B．Aggressive. C．Gifted. D．Disgusting. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“...he wasn't always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.” 可推断出，Stanley是意志坚定的，故选A项。 √ 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It's easy to do easy things，but they don't carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult.”及最后一段中“And when you succeed after trying hard，you'll find it really rewarding”可推断出，作者想通过Stanley的故事告诉我们：困难的事情要求很高，但很有回报。故选C项。 8．What does the author intend to tell us from Stanley's story? A．Nurture passes nature. B．Life is not all roses. C．Difficult things are demanding but rewarding. D．Have a vision in order to win. √ C 　　“Lions and leopards，in particular，are ambush predators(捕食者)．They often rely on the surprise to take down their prey.” says University of New South Wales conservation biologist Neil Jordan.“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers，and their killing of predators in response to that is a major cause of population decrease in the ambush predators.” 　　But what if there were a simple thing farmers could do to cut their losses? “The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they've been seen by their would-be prey.And once seen，they often abandon the hunt.” 　　Nature inspired this visionary solution.Probably the most famous example is on butterflies.They have eyespots in their wings，and these prevent predators such as birds from attacking them.Even humans are affected by eyespots：one study found that people are less likely to steal bikes when an image of watchful eyes is on display near bike racks. 　　But despite their usefulness，eyespots don't occur naturally in mammals(哺乳动物)．To make up for this，the scientists/cow-butt artists got to work.“I can guarantee the cows didn't enjoy the experience.I mean，it didn't hurt them at all，but gathering those cows up in the morning for their artificial-eye treatment probably wasn't the most exciting thing for them.” 　　Over the four-year experiment，the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside. But the study also showed that，while less effective，simply painting cross marks on the cows also works.So perhaps any kind of novel marking can frighten a hunting predator.Farmers can potentially paint their cattle with artificial eyespots or cross marks.But we recommend the eyespots because that was the best result.A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了食肉动物捕食农场动物对农场主造成严重损害，农场主因此对食肉动物的猎杀又导致了食肉动物的濒危，科学家提出了一个简单而实用的方法：在牛背上画上眼睛，可以吓走捕食者。 9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．The killing of predators. B．The population decrease. C．The damage to the farmers. D．The surprise to attack cows. 词义猜测题。根据“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers”可知，农场动物的损失会对一些农场主造成严重的损害。由此可知，画线代词that指的是对农场主的损害，故选C项。 √ 10．What is the example of butterflies in Paragraph 3 intended to prove? A．Why birds avoid the insects with eyespots. B．Why the bikes with watchful eyes are safer. C．Eyespots came from the adaptation to nature. D．Scientists got the inspiration from nature. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Nature inspired this visionary solution.”可知，大自然激发了这个富有远见的解决方案。由此推断出，第三段中蝴蝶的例子意在证明科学家从大自然中获得灵感，故选D项。 √ 11．What can we learn about artificial-eye treatment from the last paragraph? A．It leads to the extinction of predators. B．Only time will tell whether it works or not. C．Cross marks could work much better than eyespots. D．It would be a win-win for farm animals and predators. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction.”可知，在保护农场动物和濒临灭绝的食肉动物方面，一点小小的艺术许可可以大有帮助。由此可知，在牛背上画眼睛对农场动物和捕食者来说是双赢的，故选D项。 √ 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Farmers mark their cattle with eyespots B．Cows with eye images keep off predators C．Cows enjoy having artificial-eye treatment D．Farmers kill predators to protect their animals 标题归纳题。根据第二段中“The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they've been seen by their would-be prey.”和最后一段中“the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside”可知，本文介绍了在牛背上画眼睛能够赶走捕食者，故选B项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　There has been a remarkable rise in the popularity of house plants over the past few years，with trendy new shops popping up all over the country selling every kind of plant you can imagine. 1 But follow a few basic tips aid you'll soon get the hang of it. 　　Choosing your plant doesn't seem that simple.It's a common mistake to wander into a shop and grab the plant that you first fall for，but it's important to understand what type of environment you're introducing it to before picking one out. 2 For example，some plants are better suited to maximum light and heat，while others prefer cooler spots. 　　 3 One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over-watering.You might think it has a constant thirst but chances are that it won't take to spending extended periods sitting in wet soil.Every plant is different，so research is once more key，but generally home-dwellers like watering most when they're growing rapidly (spring and summer) and prefer an occasional water when the soil is dry，rather than as a daily routine. 4 　　Your plants may actually need feeding.While some plants don't need many nutrients to grow，others are greedy for extra nutritional goodness (especially those that display flowers and fruits)． 5 And you'll also need to check what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time. A．Using good soil for your plant is vital. B．Different plants require different amounts of water. C．Taking care of plants is much easier than raising other creatures. D．And always use water that has been brought up to room temperature. E．Looking after house plants isn't always as straight forward as some think. F．As with watering，they'll need more food during their growing season than during winter. G．A little research before buying will save you lots of stress when you get your plants home. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要从室内植物的种类选择、浇水和营养等方面介绍了如何照顾室内植物。 　　There has been a remarkable rise in the popularity of house plants over the past few years，with trendy new shops popping up all over the country selling every kind of plant you can imagine.___________________________________ ____________________________But follow a few basic tips aid you'll soon get the hang of it. E．Looking after house plants isn't always as straight forward as some think. 根据上文“There has been a remarkable... kind of plant you can imagine.”可知，人们对室内植物的需求增多；根据空后句中But可知，本空应和后句形成转折关系，E项符合语境。故选E项。 　　Choosing your plant doesn't seem that simple.It's a common mistake to wander into a shop and grab the plant that you first fall for，but it's important to understand what type of environment you're introducing it to before picking one out._________________________________________________________ ______________________For example，some plants are better suited to maximum light and heat，while others prefer cooler spots. G．A little research before buying will save you lots of stress when you get your plants home. 根据上文“but it's important to understand what type of environment you're introducing it to before picking one out”可知，购买植物之前首先要进行一番了解，G项承接上文，介绍了这么做的好处。故选G项。 B．Different plants require different amounts of water. 根据空后句“One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over-watering.”可知，很多植物不需要那么多的水分，故本空应和植物需水量有关，B项符合语境。故选B项。 　　_______________________________________________One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over-watering.You might think it has a constant thirst but chances are that it won't take to spending extended periods sitting in wet soil.Every plant is different，so research is once more key，but generally home-dwellers like watering most when they're growing rapidly (spring and summer) and prefer an occasional water when the soil is dry，rather than as a daily routine. One of the most common reasons for houseplant killing is over-watering.You might think it has a constant thirst but chances are that it won't take to spending extended periods sitting in wet soil.Every plant is different，so research is once more key，but generally home-dwellers like watering most when they're growing rapidly (spring and summer) and prefer an occasional water when the soil is dry，rather than as a daily routine._______________________________ _______________________________ D．And always use water that has been brought up to room temperature. 空前句“but generally home-dwellers... as a daily routine.”介绍了给家居植物浇水的时候应该注意的问题，D项承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。 　　Your plants may actually need feeding.While some plants don't need many nutrients to grow，others are greedy for extra nutritional goodness (especially those that display flowers and fruits)．_________________________________ _______________________________________________And you'll also need to check what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time. F．As with watering，they'll need more food during their growing season than during winter. 根据段首句“Your plants may actually need feeding.”及空后句“And you'll also need to check what type of fertilizer each variety requires and how much to use each time.”可知，本空内容应和植物营养有关，F项符合语境。故选F项。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　In China's history，a troop won an important battle by breaking the cooking pots and 1. ＿　 (sink) the boats.Toward the end of the third century BC，General Zhang Han of the Qin Dynasty 2. (lead) his army to attack the State of Zhao.The King of Zhao withdrew(撤退)to the city of Julu，and Zhang Han surrounded the city. 　　On learning that the King of Zhao was 3. danger，the King of Chu in the south sent 4. (he) two generals Song Yi and Xiang Yu to rescue the King of Zhao.When they had gone half way，General Song Yi refused to advance before a river.So Xiang Yu made a 5. 　　 (decide)．He killed Song Yi and reported it to the King，6. appointed Xiang Yu as the top general. sinking led in his decision who 　　At this time，Xiang decided to lead all his soldiers across 7. river to win the battle.He sank the boats after crossing the river，8. 　　 (destroy) his army's cooking pots and set fire to their tents.He ordered his soldiers 9._______(take) only three days' food which was so little that they had to advance and win the battle because they couldn't withdraw.Sure enough，the soldiers fought 10. (brave) and defeated Zhang Han's troops and rescued the King of Zhao in the end. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了“破釜沉舟”的历史典故。 the destroyed to take bravely 1．答案：sinking　 2．答案：led 3．答案：in　　 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Toward the end of the third century BC可知，本空应用一般过去时，故填led。 考查非谓语动词。 根据空前介词by可知，本空和空前动词-ing形式breaking并列，本空应用动词-ing形式，故填sinking。 考查介词。in danger意为“处于危险中”，故填in。 4．答案：his　 5．答案：decision　 6．答案：who　 考查词性转换。根据空前冠词a可知，本空应用名词形式。make a decision意为“作出决定”，故填decision。 考查代词。本空修饰名词generals，应用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填his。 考查定语从句。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰名词the King，本空在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词，故填who。 7．答案：the　 8．答案：destroyed　 9．答案：to take　 考查动词的时态。根据前后动词sank和set可知，本空应用一般过去时，故填destroyed。 考查冠词。名词river在前文已经提到，此处为再次提及，故应用定冠词the表示特指，故填the。 考查非谓语动词。order sb to do sth意为“命令某人做某事”，故填to take。 考查词性转换。本空修饰动词fought，应用副词形式，故填bravely。 10．答案：bravely　 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 3　Careers and skills 返回 $