Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件聚焦Unit 1语法与词汇，核心涵盖状语从句（时间、条件、让步等类型）及resign、ashamed等核心词汇，通过教材原句分析引导学生自主发现从句特征，搭建从感知到归纳的学习支架。 其亮点在于语法探究采用“教材示例-我的发现-精讲”三步法，结合例句对比培养语言能力，词汇模块通过“原句-用法-练习-写作”闭环提升学习能力，课时精练融入语篇任务锻炼思维品质，助力学生夯实基础，教师教学更高效。

Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 内容索引 语法探究 1 课时精练 3 知识拾遗 2 语法探究 返回 状语从句 教材示例 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)When he had walked about halfway around a certain block，the policeman suddenly slowed down. 2．(教材原句)But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive. 3．(教材原句)Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang's heart never left his homeland. 4．(教材原句)Since he spent so much time on work，he was unable to see his family very often. 5．(教材原句)In fact，he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. 新知导学 我的发现 句1－5中，黑体词连接的分别是_____状语从句、_____状语从句、_____状语从句、_____状语从句和_____状语从句。 时间 条件 让步 原因 结果 一、时间状语从句 1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句 (1)when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生，从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。 I loved history when I was at school. 我上学时喜欢历史。 (2)while引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。 Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人工作时，请别高声谈话。 语法精讲 (3)as引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句动作交替进行或同时发生，可翻译为“随着；一边……一边……”。 The students sang as they walked. 学生们边走边唱。 2．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1)before本意为“在……之前”，还可引申为“还未……就……；不到……就……；趁……；还没来得及……就……”。before引导时间状语从句的常用句型： ①It will be＋一段时间＋before...“过……(时间)才……” It will be half a year before I come back. 我半年之后才回来。 ②It won't be long before...“不久……就……” It won't be long before we meet again. 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 ③It was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……” It was three days before he came back. 三天后他才回来。 (2)since意为“自从……以来”，主句用完成时。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若用延续性动词或状态动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。since引导时间状语从句的常用句型：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...“自从……以来多久了”(从句用一般过去时)。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们住在这里有三年了。 3．until与till引导的时间状语从句 (1)until与till引导时间状语从句的区别： We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直走到天黑。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 教授来了之后，我们才开始实验。 连词 位置 用法 until 可以放在句首 not...until可用于强调句型 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型 (2)not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it. 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。 (3)until/till用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。 They waited till/until I returned. 他们一直等着我回来。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 4．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 (1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...等。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 这个男孩一看到他妈妈就放声大哭。 We will leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 (2)在hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站火车就开走了。 5．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语) (1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。 Every time I express an opinion，she always argues back. 每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 (2)by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。 By the time you come back，we will have finished the job. 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。 By the time we got there，the rain had stopped. 在我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。 二、地点状语从句 where，wherever可引导地点状语从句。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 三、条件状语从句 1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing/suppose (that)，assuming that(假设)等。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 Supposing that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。 2．在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 In case there is a fire，what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 四、结果状语从句 1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them. 这些问题如此难，以至于我们没人会回答。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。 2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。 名师点津　so...that...与such...that用法助记： 名前such，形副so，that从句跟在后； 多多少少必用so，特别注意是little； “小”用such，“少”用so。 五、原因状语从句 1．because，as，since与now that引导的原因状语从句 连词(短语) 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as since/now that 通常位于主句前 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. 那位老人让露西坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。 It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher. 就是因为他上课迟到了老师才批评他。 I can't go with you，as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Now that/Since everyone is here，we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2．seeing that(鉴于，由于)，considering that(考虑到)，in that(因为)引导原因状语从句 The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. 这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。 Seeing that you have realized that your time is limited，you must study hard to have your goal achieved. 鉴于你已经意识到你的时间有限，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。 六、目的状语从句 1．in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句常与情态动词can，could，may，might等连用。 My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times. 我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。 2．for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)＋动词原形”。 He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it. 他把名字写下来以免忘了。 七、让步状语从句 1．although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。 Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2)although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 I'll do it，even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。 Even if I were in your place，I wouldn't take the job. 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。 3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 Don't trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么，都不要相信他。 (2)whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4．whether...or (not)...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 We'll go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。 八、其他状语从句 状语从句类型 从属连词 方式状语从句 as，as if/though 比较状语从句 as...as，not as/so...as，比较级＋than The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 名师点津　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。 体系构建 返回 知识拾遗 返回 resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去 (教材原句)Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun. 最终，他辞去了在英国的职位回到中国，来到位于长春的吉林大学工作。 (1)resign from　 辞去……的职位；从……辞职 resign as 辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth 使自己安于(做)某事；听任(做)某事； 只好接受(做)某事 (2)resignation n. 辞职；辞呈 (3)resigned adj. 逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的 be resigned to (doing) sth 顺从(做)某事 核心词汇精研 1 佳句　I've decided to resign my job this July，by when I will have worked for five years. 我决定今年七月辞职，到那时我已经工作五年了。 名师点津　resign作动词时，还有“听任，顺从”之意。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①In 2001 he resigned ____ his job and shifted his career focus and life to Fujian. ②After announcing his ___________ (resign) from the police force on April 8 on social media，Chen Guoping has been back in his hometown. ③In order to look after her sick mother，Mary resigned her position __ the manager of our department. ④The couple had to resign themselves __ the fact that they had lost most of their property in the fire. from resignation as to ◎写美——一句多译 虽然一次又一次失败，但我不会听天由命。 ⑤Although failure comes to me again and again，I will not _______________ fate. ⑥Although failure comes to me again and again，I will not _____________ fate. resign myself to be resigned to ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (教材原句)I was so ashamed of myself. 我为自己感到羞愧。 (1)be ashamed of sb/sth　　　　　 为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 (2)shame n. 羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧；使丢脸 to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是 It's a shame that/to do... 真可惜…… (3)shameful/shameless adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 佳句　I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 我为自己发那么大的火感到惭愧。 2 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①If we were not able to protect our relics，we would be guilty of wrongdoings and be ashamed ________ (face) future generations. ②I make money through my own efforts，so it's unnecessary to be ashamed __ my hard work. ③(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's __ shame I don't have much use for it. ④___ her shame，she gained back all the weight she'd lost. ◎写美——微写作 ⑤She ______________________________ at the party. 她对自己在晚会上的行为深感惭愧。 to face of a To is deeply ashamed of her behaviour forgive vi.& vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) (教材原句)I hope my fans can forgive me. 我祈祷我的粉丝们能原谅我。 (1)forgive sb　　　 原谅某人，宽恕某人 forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 (2)forgiveness n. 宽恕，原谅 佳句　I have already forgiven her for lying to me though I was really angry at first. 虽然一开始我真的很生气，但我已经原谅她对我撒谎了。 3 ◎练透——单句语法填空/写出下列句中forgive的含义 ①I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me ___ getting her name wrong that time. ②Finally，he admitted that he had done her wrong and asked for her ___________ (forgive)． ③We can forgive，but we can never forget the damage caused by the war. ___________ ④Some representatives of the committee are calling on the government to reduce or even forgive the massive student loans. _____ ◎写美——微写作 ⑤He will never ____________________________________ before she died. 母亲临终前他未见到她，为这件事他永远不会原谅自己。 for forgiveness 原谅，宽恕 免除 forgive himself for not seeing his mother cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 (教材原句)However，I felt cheated and it really depressed me. 然而，我感觉被欺骗了，这真的让我很沮丧。 (1) cheat sb out of sth　　　 欺骗某人的东西 cheat sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 (2) get cheated 被骗 4 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The man who ____________ (cheat) the old couple out of their money was caught last month. ②During the tour，some tourists were cheated ____ buying some poor quality goods at a high price. ③People making friends online are afraid of getting _______ (cheat)． ◎写美——微写作 ④Anyone who _____________________ will be expelled from school. 任何在考试中作弊的人都将被学校开除。 had cheated into cheated cheats in the exam disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (教材原句)Frankly speaking，I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could. 坦率地说，我很失望，但我笑得尽量开心。 (1)be disappointed at/by sth　 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear... 失望地发现/看到/听说 (2)disappoint vt. 使人失望 (3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的 (4)disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment 失望地 to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 5 佳句　I was disappointed at the result of the basketball game because we played so well yet still lost. 我很沮丧，因为尽管我们表现得很好，这场篮球赛还是输了。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The captain of the team said they were disappointed ______ the result but they had to face it. ②In the next spring，he reached the same spot but was disappointed ________ (find) only leaves. ③It was the first time that my mother had been disappointed ________ me. ④Despite a _____________ (disappoint) performance in last competition，he bounced back six months later in February. ⑤(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)As the twins looked around them in _____________ (disappoint)，their father appeared. ◎写美——微写作 ⑥______________________，he failed the exam once again. 使我失望的是，他又一次考试不及格。 at/by to find with/in disappointing disappointment To my disappointment pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 (教材原句)Then I walked away，pretending not to have heard anything. 然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。 pretend to be＋n./adj.　　　 假装是…… pretend to do sth 假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已做过某事 pretend (to sb) that 假装…… 6 佳句　The boy pretended to be reading when the teacher passed by the window. 老师经过窗户时，这个男孩假装正在读书。 名师点津　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般时、进行时或完成时。类似用法的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①How can you make those with perfect eyesight see when they refuse to open their eyes，or pretend not _______ (see) even with eyes wide open. ②This May，hundreds of people took part in a festival in which adults pretended ______ (be) children. ③In order not to be punished，the student pretended to ____________ (finish) the assignment already. ④She pretended _________________ (listen) to the manager，but actually she was thinking about something else. to see to be have finished to be listening ◎写美——句型转换 ⑤He pretended that he was doing his homework when his mother came in. →He pretended ____________________________ when his mother came in. ⑥The worker pretended that he had finished the work. →The worker pretended _____________________________． to be doing his homework to have finished the work 维度一　单词拼写 1．_____(播种)the seeds in spring and you will have a good harvest in autumn. 2．When he came to himself，he found himself in a _____(病房)． 3．Judging from the ________(皱纹)on his forehead，he must be over 60 years old. 4．I am deeply attracted by the photographs taken by the famous ____________(摄影师)． 5．The company engaged in a deliberate effort to _____(作弊) them out of their pensions. 随堂演练 Sow ward wrinkles photographer cheat 维度二　单句语法填空 1．I'm ashamed _________ (admit) that I've never read any of his books. 2．When the little girl opened the box，she was disappointed ________ (find) there was nothing in it. 3．I decide to forgive him ___ what he has done and give him a chance to correct his mistake. 4．John had a ______ (guilt) look on his face because he didn't hand in his work on time. 5．Ten years ago，he resigned _____ a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. to admit to find for guilty from 维度三　语法与写作 1．She _______________________ when she met a bear. 当她遇见熊时，假装死了。 2．I will never _________________ what he said to me. 我永远都不会原谅他对我所说的话。 3．He cried bitterly after the competition because he _____________________ ___________． 比赛结束后，他哭得很伤心，因为他对结果很失望。 pretended to be dead forgive him for was very disappointed at /by the result 返回 课时精练 返回 维度一　单句语法填空 1．You must continue to do the work ________________ you have some disagreements about the question. 2．___________________(provide) you fail a second time，don't get disappointed，but try again. 3．Hot __________ the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after a long journey. 4．No one can leave the room ______ he gets permission from the police. 5．________ angry you feel，you shouldn't shout at your children. 6．Parents today do their best to leave possessions for their kids，_______ they are rich or poor. 基础达标 although/though Provided/Providing as/though unless However whether 7．On our way to the house，it was raining so hard ____ we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get there. 8．__ we don't stop climate change，many animals and plants in the world will be gone. 9．I have been looking for a job _____ I graduated from college. 10．How did you feel _____ you saw the terrible accident happening in front of you? that If since when 维度二　语法与写作 1．It has been three years _______________________________． 那位工程师离开家乡已经三年了。 2．_______________________，you should see them off at the airport. 无论你多忙，你都应该去机场为他们送行。 3．I won't go to attend their wedding _______________________． 除非他邀请我，否则我是不会去参加他们婚礼的。 4．You are sure to pass the exam ________________________． 只要努力学习，你一定能通过考试。 5．Matches should be kept __________________________________． 应该把火柴放在小孩拿不到的地方。 since the engineer left his hometown However busy you are unless he invites me as long as you study hard where children can't reach them 维度三　语法与语篇 My mother was cooking in the kitchen 1.___________ I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework 2.____ the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the door 3.______ I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her 4._______ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.5._________ we didn't know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for my sister's story.We wouldn't leave 6.______ my sister told us all about it.7._____ my sister got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch(沟)8._____ she walked on a path on her way to my uncle's home in the countryside.She couldn't get out of the ditch. 9._____________________ she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but 10.________ hard she tried，she failed to escape from it.11.___ time went by，she got worried. while/when than before because Since/As unless After when Although/Though/While however As After several vain attempts she had to stand 12.______ she was and waited 13._____ a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did 14.__ the boy told，and she came out. where until as Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Susan had always loved making fashionable clothes.However，life got in the way of taking her fashion dreams any further. 　　Susan worked as any staff from a waitress to a cook in an old people's home，before getting a job at a charity.“For some reason，the charity had to reduce my days.I thought I'd use the opportunity to take up an A-level on my extra day off，and of course I chose textile，” she said.“At last，I knew what I wanted to do with myself；I wanted to be creative.” 素能提升 　　At the age of 61，Susan quit her job to follow her passion.“I loved learning all the different techniques like quilting，batik(蜡染)，pattern making，” she said.“I felt I was in my element，and getting my hands dirty with bleach(漂白剂)and dyes；I'd never felt happier.” 　　After an open day at the University of Northampton，she signed up to get a degree in fashion.Susan was a hit at university，and the teachers were impressed with her designs，which she described as female.Being picked for the Graduate Fashion Week show was the cherry on the cake.She said，“It was an unbelievable experience and I loved every minute of the show.It's given me a taste of what I want to do next，and that's to work in the fashion industry.” 　　To anyone else who has a dream they've never had the chance to complete，she has an important message.“I want to tell people to just have a go，” she said.“One step at a time，the journey of 1，000 miles starts with one step.Do what you can with what you've got and don't let age be a barrier. I'm so glad I did the course—it's given me a new lesson of life and shows you can really do anything.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Susan从十几岁起就热衷于做衣服。然而生活阻碍了她的时尚梦想的进一步发展，她不得不从事与时尚无关的各种工作。但是61岁时，她放弃了工作，升入了一所大学，后来大学毕业创立了自己的事业。本文告诉我们不要让年龄成为追逐梦想的障碍。 1．When Susan was young，she ． A．determined to become a designer B．knew nothing about fashion C．liked to design clothes very much D．dreamed to work at a charity 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Susan had always loved making fashionable clothes.”可知，苏珊年轻的时候非常喜欢设计时尚的衣服，故选C项。 √ 2．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 mean? A．I made a big decision in life. B．I was used to the environment. C．I made myself feel uncomfortable. D．I did what I was good at. 句意猜测题。根据第三段中“I loved learning all the different techniques like quilting，batik (蜡染)，pattern making，”可知，Susan喜欢学习缝纫、蜡染、图案制作等所有不同的技术；根据“getting my hands dirty with bleach(漂白剂)and dyes；I'd never felt happier.”可知，Susan觉得用漂白剂和染料弄脏她的手让她感到无比的快乐。结合选项可推断出，画线句“I was in my element”指的是Susan在做自己擅长的事，故选D项。 √ 3．What are Susan's designs like? A．They are connected with women. B．They are different from those of others. C．They reflect her attitude towards life. D．They show the signs of natural beauty. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Susan was a hit at university，and the teachers were impressed with her designs，which she described as female.”可知，Susan的设计都是和女性有关的，故选A项。 √ 4．What can we learn from Susan? A．Find your own dream. B．Never give up your dream. C．Start your life one step at a time. D．A step is the beginning of a journey. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I want to tell people to just have a go”和“One step at a time，the journey of 1，000 miles starts with one step.Do what you can with what you've got and don't let age be a barrier.”可知，我们从苏珊的故事了解到只要有梦想就要去追求，千万不要放弃梦想，不要让年龄成为追逐梦想的障碍，故选B项。 √ B 　　Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders(蜘蛛)build webs in the dark.Their creation of a web-building playbook brings new understanding of how creatures with small brains are able to create elegant and complex structures. 　　Web-building spiders，which build blindly using only the sense of touch，have attracted humans for centuries.“The first step to understanding that is to study the behaviors and skills involved，” said Andrew Gordus，a Johns Hopkins behavioral biologist，“But until now it has never been done，mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.” 　　His team studied a spider native to the western United States.To observe the spiders during their nighttime web-building work，the lab designed a stage with infrared(红外线的)cameras and infrared lights.They monitored and recorded six spiders every night and tracked millions of individual leg actions. “Even if you video record it，that's a lot of legs to track，”said lead author Abel Corver.“It's just too much to go through every frame(帧)and mark the leg points by hand so we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider，frame by frame，so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.” 　　They found that web-making behaviors are so similar across spiders that the researchers were able to predict the part of a web a spider was working on just from seeing the position of a leg.“Even if the final structure is a little different，the rules they use to build the web are the same，” Gordus said，“which confirms the rules are in their brains.” 　　Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits(回路)in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.Corver said，“This work could help us understand larger brain systems，including humans.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的。 5．What was the challenge in the previous studies on spiders' web-building? A．Testing spiders' brains. B．Tracking spiders' actions. C．Observing spiders' webs at night. D．Improving spiders' sense of touch. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But until now it has never been done，mainly because of the challenge of detecting and recording the actions.”可知，检测和记录蜘蛛的行为具有挑战性，故选B项。 √ 6．What is a crucial step in the study led by Gordus? A．Relying on the aid of special software. B．Monitoring the safety of spiders. C．Comparing varieties of spider webs. D．Designing a set of infrared cameras. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...we trained machine vision software to detect the actions of the spider，frame by frame，so that we could record everything the legs do to build an entire web.”可知，我们培训研究人员使用机器视觉软件，一帧一帧地检测蜘蛛的动作，这样我们就可以记录腿部所做的一切，来构建一个完整的网。由此可知，依靠特殊软件的帮助是Gordus领导的这项研究的关键步骤，故选A项。 √ 7．What is contained in the future study according to Paragraph 5? A．The environment for humans. B．The behavior of various spiders. C．The drug for brain diseases. D．The brain system of spiders. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Future work for the lab includes experiments with drugs to determine which circuits(回路)in the spider's brain are responsible for the various stages of web-building.”可知，该实验室未来的工作包括用药物进行实验，以确定蜘蛛大脑中的哪些回路负责蜘蛛网形成的各个阶段。因此未来会对蜘蛛的大脑系统进行研究，故选D项。 √ 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Spiders，Elegant Creatures B．Small Brains，Amazing Skills C．Spiders' Web Secrets Uncovered D．Spiders' Web-building Ability Developed 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Johns Hopkins University researchers discovered precisely how spiders(蜘蛛)build webs in the dark.”可知，本文主要介绍了约翰·霍普金斯大学的研究人员精确地发现了蜘蛛在黑暗中是如何结网的，故C项(蜘蛛网的秘密被发现)为最佳标题。 √ C 　　U.S. Open Championships 　　The U．S. Open has been in existence for more than 130 years.The first tournament was held in 1881 at the Newport Casino.It was called the U．S. National Singles Championship.Entry was limited to only those clubs which were members of the United States National Lawn Tennis Association，and the competitors were all male，competing in both singles and doubles.Richard Sears won the men's championship and he went on to win the next six men's singles championships. 　　The Wimbledon 　　In 1875，the All England Croquet Club was troubled financially due to declining membership.A new sport called lawn tennis was gaining fast in popularity and taking away the members.Two years later，a new roller was needed for maintaining its lawns so the club proposed to hold a tournament to raise money.Twenty-two players entered that first Wimbledon tournament which was won by Spencer Gore in straight sets over W．C.Marshall.Two hundred spectators each paid a shilling to watch the final game，enabling the club to buy the needed roller plus some extra cash. 　　The French Open 　　The very first French Championship was way back in 1891，and the tournament has since grown into one of the four tennis Grand Slam tournaments we know today.The first competition was a one-day national championship which was won by a British.The competition was poorly attended by world class players.It took 24 years before it became fully international and an accepted tennis grand slam event.After the First World War，French tennis was achieving stature.Suzanne Lenglen was the predominant French player，winning the championships six times between 1920 and 1926. 　　The Australian Open 　　The very first tennis tournament ever played in Australia was held in January 1880，on the courts of the Melbourne Cricket Club.In 1905，the Australian Open was established as the Australasian Tennis Championship and was played at the Warehouseman's Cricket Ground in Melbourne.It became the Australian Championship in 1927 and the Australian Open in 1969.Women's events were added in 1922. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上四项国际网球锦标赛是如何产生的。 9．What can we learn about the first U．S.Open from Paragraph 1? A．It has a history of 130 years. B．Only men were allowed to play in the game. C．Richard Sears won six championships. D．It has remained about the same through all these years. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“the competitors were all male”可知，参赛者都是男性，故选B项。 √ 10．What was the purpose of the first Wimbledon tournament? A．To raise some fund for a lawn roller. B．To attract more people to play tennis. C．To attract more audience to watch the game. D．To celebrate the renaming of the club. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Two years later，a new roller was needed for maintaining its lawns so the club proposed to hold a tournament to raise money.”可知，第一届温网锦标赛的目的是为一台草坪滚压器筹集资金，故选A项。 √ 11．What is the same characteristic of the four international tournaments? A．They were all born in the same year. B．They all had only male players in the first tournament. C．They have all experienced financial difficulties. D．They all have had a history of 130 years or more. 细节理解题。四个网球锦标赛的时间：U.S. Open Championships有130多年的历史，The Wimbledon诞生于1875年，The French Open可追溯到1891年，The Australian Open在1880年创办。由此可知，这四项国际赛事的共同之处在于它们都有130年或更久的历史，故选D项。 √ 12．What is the passage mainly about? A．How the four international tennis tournaments came into being. B．How long it took for women to have the right to play in the game. C．How the four international tennis tournaments get their present names. D．Why the tennis tournaments are held in these four countries. 主旨大意题。本文分别介绍了美国网球公开赛、温网锦标赛、法国网球公开赛以及澳网锦标赛的诞生历史。由此可知，文章主要介绍了世界上四项国际网球锦标赛是如何产生的，故选A项。 √ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　We are often encouraged to perform random acts of kindness.It urges us to do kind things for others without thinking or planning ahead.Research shows that acts of kindness can make us feel better and improve our health. 1 In other words，they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind. 　　Most animals are only helpful to those in their close “family” groups but are not kind or helpful to strangers.But humans are different. 2 Strangers can help us if we are kind to them.It is why we help strangers in need.In English we even have the expression：to rely on the kindness of strangers. 　　 3 Scientists have tested this idea in many experiments over the past 20 years.Psychology professor Sonja Lyubomisky has found repeatedly that people feel better when they are kind to others，even more so than when they are kind to themselves.“Acts of kindness，”she said，“are very powerful.”In one experiment，she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week.She asked a different group to do three acts of self-kindness. 　　 4 The people who were kind to others reported feeling happier and more connected to the world. Lyubomisky studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化)．She found that they felt better physically when helping others.Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀)in their bodies. 5 A．We should be kind to the strangers in need. B．It is believed that humans are born to be kind. C．These acts could be small，like opening a door for someone. D．Research shows that our bodies can also reward us for being kind. E．And more antivirus genes were found in people who performed acts of kindness. F．Researchers also say kindness played an important part in how humans developed. G．They realize that there is not much difference between those close to us and strangers. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了实验结果表明，经常做好事的人会心情愉快，甚至能有效防御疾病。 　　We are often encouraged to perform random acts of kindness.It urges us to do kind things for others without thinking or planning ahead.Research shows that acts of kindness can make us feel better and improve our health.　_________________________________________________________________________ In other words，they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind. F．Researchers also say kindness played an important part in how humans developed. 根据下文“In other words，they say scientific evidence suggests that we are designed to be kind.”可知，有科学证据表明我们天生善良，F项符合文意。故选F。 　　Most animals are only helpful to those in their close “family” groups but are not kind or helpful to strangers.But humans are different._______________ ___________________________________________________________Strangers can help us if we are kind to them.It is why we help strangers in need.In English we even have the expression：to rely on the kindness of strangers. G．They realize that there is not much difference between those close to us and strangers. 根据上文“Most animals are only helpful to those in their close ‘family’ groups but are not kind or helpful to strangers.But humans are different.”可知，人类与大多数动物不同，人类不但会帮助亲密群体，也会帮助陌生人。G项符合文意。故选G。 　　____________________________________________________________ Scientists have tested this idea in many experiments over the past 20 years. Psychology professor Sonja Lyubomisky has found repeatedly that people feel better when they are kind to others，even more so than when they are kind to themselves.“Acts of kindness，”she said，“are very powerful.”In one experiment，she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week.She asked a different group to do three acts of self-kindness. D．Research shows that our bodies can also reward us for being kind. 根据下文“Psychology professor Sonja Lyubomisky has found repeatedly that people feel better when they are kind to others，even more so than when they are kind to themselves.”可知，善待他人会使自己感觉良好。D项介绍善良会为身体带来好处，符合文意。D项中reward是关键词。故选D。 　　______________________________________________________ The people who were kind to others reported feeling happier and more connected to the world.Lyubomisky studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化)．She found that they felt better physically when helping others.Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀)in their bodies. C．These acts could be small，like opening a door for someone. 根据上文“In one experiment，she asked people to perform three acts of kindness for other individuals each week.She asked a different group to do three acts of self-kindness.”可知，在一次实验中，她要求人们每周为其他人做一些善举，要求另一组人做三件善待自己的事。C项中“These acts”表示在实验中做善事的行为。故选C。 The people who were kind to others reported feeling happier and more connected to the world.Lyubomisky studied a group of people with the disease multiple sclerosis(多发性硬化)．She found that they felt better physically when helping others.Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀)in their bodies.__________________________________________________________ __________ E．And more antivirus genes were found in people who performed acts of kindness. 根据上文“Her research also showed that people who performed more acts of kindness had less inflammation(发炎)or harmful swelling(肿胀) in their bodies.”可知，善举越多的人体内炎症或有害肿胀越少。E项进一步说明善举会使人的身体变得更健康。故选E。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　A CCTV journalist succeeded in arousing a heated discussion among netizens by 1._______(ask) people whether they were happy.The responses to the question were various，and even some quite funny ones 2.______________ (include)．Although people played jokes on the answers，it did not take long before they began to figure out the true 3._________(mean) of happiness. asking were included meaning 　　4. ___ is certain that people's views on happiness are greatly affected by their own life experiences.5._____________(unfortunate)，too many people refer to being rich as happiness.There is no sign of a decrease in the number of those who run after wealth.Some people 6._______ intention is to make big money appreciate being given any chance to increase their income，believing that is where their happiness 7._____(lie)．Some are eager 8.____ their parents' wealth，especially those who are known as silver-spoon kids.Even worse，some are likely 9.________ (break) the law to satisfy their financial desire or seek their fortune illegally. 　　In my opinion，happiness is not about pursuing wealth but about admiring the beautiful things in life.Therefore，live your life to the 10.______(full) and be happy. It Unfortunately whose lies for to break fullest 1．答案：an　 2．答案：Inspired　 考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分及介词by可知，inspire与主语Terence Jackson Jr.之间是被动关系，应使用过去分词作状语。句子首字母需大写。故填Inspired。 考查冠词。分析句子可知，此处应使用不定冠词修饰，泛指“一个娱乐中心”，且entertainment的首字母发音以元音音素开头，应使用an。故填an。 3．答案：on/upon　 4．答案：popularity 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，空处应用名词popularity，作enjoy的宾语。故填popularity。 考查介词。rely on/upon为固定短语，意为“依靠，依赖”。故填on/upon。 5．答案：having　 6．答案：to complete　 考查非谓语动词。此处考查“主语＋take(花费)＋时间＋to do...”句型，意为“某人花费时间做某事”。故填to complete。 考查非谓语动词。due to中的to为介词，其后跟名词或动词-ing形式。故填having。 7．答案：eventually　 8．答案：consists　 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时。主语Luxury Strike Bowling是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填consists。 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处应使用副词，修饰整个句子。故填eventually。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 Unit 1　Honesty and responsibility 返回 $