Unit 1 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册同步课堂高效讲义教师用书（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语状语从句及核心词汇，系统梳理时间、条件、让步等八类状语从句的引导词、用法及语法特征，结合教材原句引入，通过对比分析构建知识脉络，同步精研resign、ashamed等核心词汇的搭配与应用，搭建从理解到运用的学习支架。 该资料以“教材示例-我的发现-分类精讲-练习巩固”为主线，通过对比when/while/as用法、总结so...that与such...that区别等培养思维品质，“练透”“写美”环节提升语言运用能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生通过例句与练习查漏补缺，有效发展学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 状语从句 [教材示例] 分析下列加黑部分并体会其语法特征 1．(教材原句)When he had walked about halfway around a certain block，the policeman suddenly slowed down. 2．(教材原句)But I know Jimmy will meet me here if he's alive. 3．(教材原句)Although he spent many years in the UK，Huang's heart never left his homeland. 4．(教材原句)Since he spent so much time on work，he was unable to see his family very often. 5．(教材原句)In fact，he worked so hard that he did not pay enough attention to his own health. [我的发现] 句1－5中，黑体词连接的分别是时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句和结果状语从句。 一、时间状语从句 1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句 (1)when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生，从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。 I loved history when I was at school. 我上学时喜欢历史。 (2)while引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。 学生用书第13页 Please don't talk so loud while others are working. 别人工作时，请别高声谈话。 (3)as引导的时间状语从句的动作与主句动作交替进行或同时发生，可翻译为“随着；一边……一边……”。 The students sang as they walked. 学生们边走边唱。 2．before与since引导的时间状语从句 (1)before本意为“在……之前”，还可引申为“还未……就……；不到……就……；趁……；还没来得及……就……”。before引导时间状语从句的常用句型： ①It will be＋一段时间＋before...“过……(时间)才……” It will be half a year before I come back. 我半年之后才回来。 ②It won't be long before...“不久……就……” It won't be long before we meet again. 用不了多久我们就会再见面。 ③It was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……” It was three days before he came back. 三天后他才回来。 (2)since意为“自从……以来”，主句用完成时。since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，常理解为某一状态的终止；若用延续性动词或状态动词，则理解为某一动作的开始。since引导时间状语从句的常用句型：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...“自从……以来多久了”(从句用一般过去时)。 It's two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。 It's three years since we lived here. 我们住在这里有三年了。 3．until与till引导的时间状语从句 (1)until与till引导时间状语从句的区别： 连词 位置 用法 until 可以放在句首 not...until可用于强调句型 till 不可放在句首 一般不用于强调句型 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直走到天黑。 It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment. 教授来了之后，我们才开始实验。 (2)not until位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 Not until he told me about it again did I have any idea of it. 直到他又告诉我一遍我才明白。 (3)until/till用于肯定句时，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，用于否定句时，主句的谓语动词是非延续性动词。 They waited till/until I returned. 他们一直等着我回来。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 4．表示“一……就……”含义的词(短语)引导的时间状语从句 (1)引导时间状语从句，且表示“一……就……”含义的词或短语有as soon as，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...等。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 这个男孩一看到他妈妈就放声大哭。 We will leave the minute you are ready. 你一准备好，我们就出发。 (2)在hardly/scarcely...when，no sooner...than...中，主句应用过去完成时，从句应用一般过去时；当no sooner...和hardly/scarcely...位于句首时，主句要部分倒装。 学生用书第14页 Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry. 他一听到这个消息就哭了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们刚到车站火车就开走了。 5．引导时间状语从句的其他常见连词(短语) (1)其他常见的引导时间状语从句的连词(短语)还有after，whenever，every time，each time，next time，the first/last time，any time，by the time，the day/year等。 Every time I express an opinion，she always argues back. 每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。 (2)by the time引导的时间状语从句如果用一般现在时，主句则用将来完成时；从句如果用一般过去时，主句则用过去完成时。 By the time you come back，we will have finished the job. 到你回来的时候，我们将已经完成了这项工作。 By the time we got there，the rain had stopped. 在我们到达那儿时，雨已经停了。 二、地点状语从句 where，wherever可引导地点状语从句。 We must camp where we can get water. 我们必须在能找到水的地方露营。 三、条件状语从句 1．引导条件状语从句的常见从属连词(短语)有if，unless，as/so long as，in case(万一)，once，on condition that，provided/providing (that)，supposing/suppose (that)，assuming that(假设)等。 You'll fail the exam unless you study hard. 除非你努力学习，否则你会考试不及格。 Supposing that they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend. 他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们必须在周末前归还。 2．在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时，一般过去时代替过去将来时。 In case there is a fire，what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 四、结果状语从句 1．引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so...that...，such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...，such...that...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe in him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都信任他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer them. 这些问题如此难，以至于我们没人会回答。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣这么少的钱，以至于他养不起家。 学生用书第15页 2.为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult questions. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于能够解出所有难题。 [名师点津]　so...that...与such...that用法助记： 名前such，形副so，that从句跟在后； 多多少少必用so，特别注意是little； “小”用such，“少”用so。 五、原因状语从句 1．because，as，since与now that引导的原因状语从句 连词(短语) 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as since/now that 通常位于主句前 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife. 那位老人让露西坐到另一把椅子上，因为他想挨着妻子坐。 It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by the teacher. 就是因为他上课迟到了老师才批评他。 I can't go with you，as I have a lot of work to do. 我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。 Now that/Since everyone is here，we can begin our discussion. 既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。 2．seeing that(鉴于，由于)，considering that(考虑到)，in that(因为)引导原因状语从句 The book is different from that book in that this one is about chemistry and that one about history. 这本书不同于那本书，因为这本是关于化学的而那本是关于历史的。 Seeing that you have realized that your time is limited，you must study hard to have your goal achieved. 鉴于你已经意识到你的时间有限，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。 六、目的状语从句 1．in order that 引导的目的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句通常置于主句之后。目的状语从句常与情态动词can，could，may，might等连用。 My old father began to study computer at the age of sixty so that he might keep up with times. 我的老父亲六十岁时开始学习电脑，以便跟上时代。 2．for fear that/in case引导目的状语从句时，从句谓语动词常用“(should)＋动词原形”。 He wrote the name down for fear that/in case he (should) forget it. 他把名字写下来以免忘了。 七、让步状语从句 1．although，though，as与while引导的让步状语从句 (1)although引导让步状语从句时，只能用正常语序；though引导让步状语从句时，可用正常语序，也可用倒装语序；as引导让步状语从句时只能用倒装语序，即从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。 Although/Though he may be troubled，he always presents a calm smiling face. 尽管他可能会遇到麻烦，但他总是露出平静的微笑。 学生用书第16页 Much as/though I have traveled，I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 虽然我已经去过很多地方，但我从未见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2)although与though都可以与yet，still连用，但不能和but连用。 (3)while引导让步状语从句时，一般置于句首。 While I admit that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved. 尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意这些问题不能解决。 2．even if与even though引导的让步状语从句 even if与even though表示“即使，纵然”，引导让步状语从句时，可用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。 I'll do it，even if it takes me all the afternoon. 我要做这件事，即使它将花去我整个下午的时间。 Even if I were in your place，I wouldn't take the job. 即使我处于你的位置，我也不会接受这份工作。 3．“no matter＋疑问词”与“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句 (1)“no matter＋疑问词”相当于“疑问词＋ever”，二者都可以引导让步状语从句。 Don't trust him，no matter what/whatever he says. 无论他说什么，都不要相信他。 (2)whoever，whatever，whomever，whichever还可以引导名词性从句，但“no matter＋疑问词”不可以。 4．whether...or (not)...引导的让步状语从句 whether...or...“不论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。 We'll go on with the work，whether we can find the necessary tools or we cannot. 不管我们能否找到所需的工具，我们都要把这项工作做下去。 八、其他状语从句 状语从句类型 从属连词 方式状语从句 as，as if/though 比较状语从句 as...as，not as/so...as，比较级＋than The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son. 那个老太太对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。 He is taller than any other student in our school. 他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。 [名师点津]　what引导的比较状语从句的句式：A is to B what C is to D意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 Air is to us what water is to fish. 空气之于我们就如同水之于鱼一样(重要)。 学生用书第17页 核心词汇精研 resign vt.&vi.辞职，辞去 (教材原句)Eventually he resigned his post in the UK and returned to China to work at Jilin University in Changchun. 最终，他辞去了在英国的职位回到中国，来到位于长春的吉林大学工作。 (1)resign from　 辞去……的职位；从……辞职 resign as 辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth 使自己安于(做)某事；听任(做)某事； 只好接受(做)某事 (2)resignation n. 辞职；辞呈 (3)resigned adj. 逆来顺受的，顺从的；无可奈何的 be resigned to (doing) sth 顺从(做)某事 [佳句]　I've decided to resign my job this July，by when I will have worked for five years. 我决定今年七月辞职，到那时我已经工作五年了。 [名师点津]　resign作动词时，还有“听任，顺从”之意。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①In 2001 he resigned from his job and shifted his career focus and life to Fujian. ②After announcing his resignation (resign) from the police force on April 8 on social media，Chen Guoping has been back in his hometown. ③In order to look after her sick mother，Mary resigned her position as the manager of our department. ④The couple had to resign themselves to the fact that they had lost most of their property in the fire. ◎写美——一句多译 虽然一次又一次失败，但我不会听天由命。 ⑤Although failure comes to me again and again，I will not resign myself to fate. ⑥Although failure comes to me again and again，I will not be resigned to fate. ashamed adj.惭愧，羞愧，尴尬 (教材原句)I was so ashamed of myself. 我为自己感到羞愧。 (1)be ashamed of sb/sth　　　　　　 为某人/某事感到羞愧 be ashamed to do sth 耻于做某事；因惭愧而不情愿做某事 (2)shame n. 羞愧；羞愧感；让人遗憾的事 vt. 使羞愧；使丢脸 to one's shame 令某人惭愧的是 It's a shame that/to do... 真可惜…… (3)shameful/shameless adj. 可耻的；丢脸的 [佳句]　I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 我为自己发那么大的火感到惭愧。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①If we were not able to protect our relics，we would be guilty of wrongdoings and be ashamed to face (face) future generations. ②I make money through my own efforts，so it's unnecessary to be ashamed of my hard work. 学生用书第18页 ③(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)That is the only French phrase I mastered，and it's a shame I don't have much use for it. ④To her shame，she gained back all the weight she'd lost. ◎写美——微写作 ⑤She is deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party. 她对自己在晚会上的行为深感惭愧。 forgive vi.& vt.(forgave, forgiven) 原谅，宽恕；免除(债务) (教材原句)I hope my fans can forgive me. 我祈祷我的粉丝们能原谅我。 (1)forgive sb　　　 原谅某人，宽恕某人 forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事 (2)forgiveness n. 宽恕，原谅 [佳句]　I have already forgiven her for lying to me though I was really angry at first. 虽然一开始我真的很生气，但我已经原谅她对我撒谎了。 ◎练透——单句语法填空/写出下列句中forgive的含义 ①I don't think she's ever quite forgiven me for getting her name wrong that time. ②Finally，he admitted that he had done her wrong and asked for her forgiveness (forgive)． ③We can forgive，but we can never forget the damage caused by the war.原谅，宽恕 ④Some representatives of the committee are calling on the government to reduce or even forgive the massive student loans.免除 ◎写美——微写作 ⑤He will never forgive himself for not seeing his mother before she died. 母亲临终前他未见到她，为这件事他永远不会原谅自己。 cheat vt.欺骗，蒙骗vi.作弊，舞弊 (教材原句)However，I felt cheated and it really depressed me. 然而，我感觉被欺骗了，这真的让我很沮丧。 (1) cheat sb out of sth　　　 欺骗某人的东西 cheat sb into doing sth 欺骗某人做某事 (2) get cheated 被骗 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The man who had cheated (cheat) the old couple out of their money was caught last month. ②During the tour，some tourists were cheated into buying some poor quality goods at a high price. ③People making friends online are afraid of getting cheated (cheat)． ◎写美——微写作 ④Anyone who cheats in the exam will be expelled from school. 任何在考试中作弊的人都将被学校开除。 disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的 (教材原句)Frankly speaking，I was disappointed but I smiled as broadly as I could. 坦率地说，我很失望，但我笑得尽量开心。 (1)be disappointed at/by sth　 对某事感到失望 be disappointed in/with sb 对某人感到失望 be disappointed to find/see/hear... 失望地发现/看到/听说 (2)disappoint vt. 使人失望 (3)disappointing adj. 令人失望的 (4)disappointment n. 失望；让人失望的人或事 in disappointment 失望地 to one's disappointment 使某人失望的是 学生用书第19页 [佳句]　I was disappointed at the result of the basketball game because we played so well yet still lost. 我很沮丧，因为尽管我们表现得很好，这场篮球赛还是输了。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①The captain of the team said they were disappointed at/by the result but they had to face it. ②In the next spring，he reached the same spot but was disappointed to find (find) only leaves. ③It was the first time that my mother had been disappointed with/in me. ④Despite a disappointing (disappoint) performance in last competition，he bounced back six months later in February. ⑤(2021·全国新高考卷Ⅰ)As the twins looked around them in disappointment (disappoint)，their father appeared. ◎写美——微写作 ⑥To my disappointment，he failed the exam once again. 使我失望的是，他又一次考试不及格。 pretend vi.&vt.假装；装扮，扮作；自诩，自认为 (教材原句)Then I walked away，pretending not to have heard anything. 然后我走开了，假装什么也没听到。 pretend to be＋n./adj.　　　 假装是…… pretend to do sth 假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth 假装已做过某事 pretend (to sb) that 假装…… [佳句]　The boy pretended to be reading when the teacher passed by the window. 老师经过窗户时，这个男孩假装正在读书。 [名师点津]　pretend后接动词不定式时，一定要注意动词不定式时态的变化。根据句意可用一般时、进行时或完成时。类似用法的动词还有happen，appear，seem，claim等。 ◎练透——单句语法填空 ①How can you make those with perfect eyesight see when they refuse to open their eyes，or pretend not to see (see) even with eyes wide open. ②This May，hundreds of people took part in a festival in which adults pretended to be (be) children. ③In order not to be punished，the student pretended to have finished (finish) the assignment already. ④She pretended to be listening (listen) to the manager，but actually she was thinking about something else. ◎写美——句型转换 ⑤He pretended that he was doing his homework when his mother came in. →He pretended to be doing his homework when his mother came in. ⑥The worker pretended that he had finished the work. →The worker pretended to have finished the work． 维度一　单词拼写 1．Sow(播种)the seeds in spring and you will have a good harvest in autumn. 2．When he came to himself，he found himself in a ward(病房)． 3．Judging from the wrinkles(皱纹)on his forehead，he must be over 60 years old. 4．I am deeply attracted by the photographs taken by the famous photographer(摄影师)． 学生用书第20页 5.The company engaged in a deliberate effort to cheat(作弊) them out of their pensions. 维度二　单句语法填空 1．I'm ashamed to admit (admit) that I've never read any of his books. 2．When the little girl opened the box，she was disappointed to find (find) there was nothing in it. 3．I decide to forgive him for what he has done and give him a chance to correct his mistake. 4．John had a guilty (guilt) look on his face because he didn't hand in his work on time. 5．Ten years ago，he resigned from a company in Beijing and went to Shenzhen to set up his own company. 维度三　语法与写作 1．She pretended to be dead when she met a bear. 当她遇见熊时，假装死了。 2．I will never forgive him for what he said to me. 我永远都不会原谅他对我所说的话。 3．He cried bitterly after the competition because he was very disappointed at/by the result． 比赛结束后，他哭得很伤心，因为他对结果很失望。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $