Unit 2 Natural disasters三-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit2】 Natural disasters三 词义辨析精讲 【Unit2】Natural disasters三 核心词汇与综合演练 本单元核心词汇 全部单元单词 destination/.destI'neifn/n.目的ashy/'ei∫/adj.覆盖着灰的：灰distance/'distans/n.遥远，久远： 地，终点 色的 距离：差异：疏远 bar /ba:)/n.酒吧：小馆子；吧dawm/dbn/n.黎明，破晓：开far and wide到处，各处 台：条，块；栏杆：障碍：t.封：端，萌芽；vi.开始；开始清楚pattern/'petn/n.图案，花样；模 阻挡：阻止 volcano/wol'kema/n.火山 式：范例；模型 import/'mp:t/n.进口产品，输take the form of呈现…的形状；column/'kplam/n.柱，圆柱：柱 入的产品：输入：m'p3t/t.进采取…的形式 状物：栏：专栏；队，列 口，引进 trunk /trank/n.树干 rescue/'reskju:/n.&t.救援，营 expert/'eksp3t/n.出口产品，输unbearable/n'bearabl/adj.难救，抢救 出的产品：出口，输出：ksp3t/耐的，无法忍受的 sharp /fa:p/adj.灵敏的：锋利的： t.出口，输出 break out突然开始，爆发 急剧的：明显的：尖锐的 port /po:/tn.港口，避风港；港beyond /br'jpnd/adv.在（或向）locate /la'ket/t.找出…的准 口城市 更远处，在另一边；prep.在（或确位置：把…安置在（或建造于） cloud-capped'klaod kaept/adj..向)更远处；超出；晚于；无法；retire /rI'tara(r)/vi.&t.退休， 高耸入云的，耸入云覆的 超出…之外 退职 词义辨析及同义替换 1.import/mpt/n.进口产品：输入/m'p3:t/t.进口，引进 词义辨析： ipot:作动词时强调“从国外输入商品、技术等”，对象多为具体物品或抽象概念（如文化）： 作名词时指“进口的商品”或“进口行为”。 exot/'eksp3t/n.出口产品；输出ik'spt/t.出口，输出：与import互为反义词，指“将国内 商品、技术等输往国外”，名词形式表示“出口商品”或“出口行为”。 同义替换： import-一→bring in;export-一→send out 例句： 高中必修第三册译林版 【Umit2】 Natural disasters三 This country imports most of its oil from the Middle East.(该国大部分石油从中东进口。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） The government has taken measures to increase of agricultural products and reduce of luxury goods. A.export;import B.exports;imports C.exporting;importing (答案：B) 2.beyond /br'jpnd/prep.超出：晚于；无法/adv.在更远处 词义辨析： beyond:侧重“超越某一范围、程度或能力”，后接名词、代词或动名词，可表示时间、空间、 数量等方面的“超出”。 over: 作介词时也有“超过”之意，但更强调“在…上方”或“越过障碍物”，时间上指“在 …期间”。 同义替换： exceed,surpass 例句： The beauty of the scenery is beyond description.(景色之美难以形容。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） The temperature today is35C,so we have to stay indoors A.beyond B.over C.above (答案：B) 3.rescue/'reskju:/n.&t.救援，营救 词义辨析： rescue::强调“从危险、困境中迅速救出”，对象多为面临生命危险的人或物，常与from搭配。 save:含义更广，可指“挽救生命、节省时间/金钱”，也可指“拯救灵魂”，语气较rescue更日常。 同义替换： save,deliver 例句： The firefighters rescued three children from the burning building.(消防员从着火的大楼里救出了三 个孩子。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三阅读填空） The villagers worked together to the tourists trapped in the flood. (答案：rescue) 4.locate/lav'ket/t.找出…的位置；安置 词义辨析： locate:侧重“确定某物的具体位置”或“将某物安置在某地”，常用搭配locate sth.in/at。 fd:强调“找到丢失或隐藏的东西”，结果性强，不强调“精确定位”。 同义替换： find,situate 高中必修第三册译林版 【Umit2】 Natural disasters三 例句： The police used GPS to locate the stolen car..(警方用GPS定位了被盗车辆。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三语法填空） The new library will be in the center of the campus. (答案：located) 5.pattern/'petn/n.图案；模式 词义辨析： pattern:指“重复出现的图案、花样”或“行为、事件的模式”，强调规律性。 design:侧重“人为设计的图案、计划”，如服装图案、建筑设计，强调创造性。 同义替换： design,model 例句： The dress has a pattern of flowers and leaves.(这条裙子有花叶图案。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三词汇运用） The company is trying to change its management to improve efficiency. A.pattern B.design C.style(答案：A) 6.sharp fa:p/adj.锋利的：急剧的；敏锐的 词义辨析： shap:形容刀具“锋利”、变化“急刷”（如sharp turn)、感官“敏锐”（如sharp eyes),强调程 度强烈。 keen:侧重“思维、感官的敏锐”，如keen mind(敏锐的头脑)、keen sense of smell(灵敏的嗅 觉)，语气较文雅。 同义替换： keen,acute 例句： Be careful with the knife-一it's very sharp.(小心这把刀，它很锋利。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三完形填空) Dogs have a sense of hearing,which helps them detect danger. A.sharp B.keen C.clear (答案：B) 7.retire /rI'tare(r)/vi.&t.退休；退职 词义辨析： retire:指“因年龄或健康原因正式退休”，脱离工作岗位，常用搭配retire from。 resign:指“主动辞职”，可能因个人原因、不满等，不强调年龄。 同义替换： step down,quit (from work) 例句： My father will retire from his job next year..(我父亲明年将退休。) 高中必修第三册译林版 【Umit2】 Natural disasters三 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三语法选择） Mr.Smith as CEO last month and moved to the countryside A.retired B.resigned C.left(答案：B) 8.distance/'distans/n.距离；疏远 词义辨析： distance:指“空间上的距离”或“情感上的疏远”，可用于具体或抽象语境。 ange:侧重“范围、射程”，指“某一区域内的距离”或“能力所及的范围”。 同义替换： space,interval 例句： The distance between Beijing and Shanghai is about1,300 kilometers.(北京到上海的距离约1300公 里。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三阅读理解） What is the main reason for the between the two brothers? A.distance B.range C.gap (答案：A) 9.break out突然爆发 词义辨析： break out:指“战争、火灾、疾病等突然发生”，为不及物短语，无被动语态。 burst out:.侧重“突然爆发（笑声、哭声等）”，后接动名词，如burst out laughing。 同义替换： erupt,happen suddenly 例句： A big fire broke out in the factory last night.(昨晚工厂发生了一场大火。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三完形填空） When the war many families were forced to leave their homes. A.broke out B.burst out C.took out (答案：A) l0.far and wide到处，各处 词义辨析： far and wide:强调“范围广泛地、遍及各地”，多用于主动搜索或传播的语境。 here and there:侧重“零散地、到处都有”，指分布不集中的状态。 同义替换： everywhere,all over the place 例句： The news spread far and wide in a few hours..（几小时内消息就传遍了各地。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三句子翻译） 志愿者们 寻找失踪的登山者。 (答案：searched far and wide for) 高中必修第三册译林版 【Umit2】 Natural disasters三 11.column/'kplam/n.柱；专栏 词义辨析： column:指“建筑物的柱子”或“报纸、杂志的专栏”，强调垂直形态或固定板块。 post:作名词时可指“柱子、标杆”，也可指“（网上的）帖子”，词义更丰富。 同义替换： pillar,article (for column) 例句： There is a political column in today's newspaper.(今天报纸上有一个政治专栏。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三词汇辨析） The ancient temple has 12 stone supporting the roof. A.columns B.posts C.poles (答案：A) l2.ashy/ei/adj.覆盖着灰的：灰色的 词义辨析： ashy:特指“覆盖着灰烬的”或“颜色像灰烬一样的灰色”，具有针对性。 grey/gray:泛指“灰色的”，可形容头发、天空等自然或人工的灰色。 同义替换： grey,ash-colored 例句： After the fire,the walls were left ashy and black.(火灾后，墙壁变得灰黑一片。) 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单词拼写） The old man's hair turned after the illness. (答案：gey） 13.dawm/dbn/n.黎明：开端/i.开始 词义辨析： dawm:作名词时指“一天中的黎明时分”，作动词时指“（时代、思想等）开始出现”，如dawm onsb.（某人突然明白)。 daybreak:仅作名词，指“黎明、破晓”，更侧重“天刚亮”的时间点。 同义替换： daybreak,begin 例句： The truth finally dawned on him(真相终于被他明白。) 综合演练 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit2】 Natural disasters 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The company plans to advanced technology from Germany to improve production. A.import B.export C.bring in 2.The temperature in the desert can rise 40℃during the day. A.beyond B.over C.above 3.Doctors worked all night to the patient from the serious illness. A.rescue B.save C.deliver 4.The new museum will be in the east of the city next year. A.locate B.found C.located 5.The team noticed a in the data-sales increased every summer. A.pattern B.design C.style 6.Cats have a sense of sight,allowing them to see in the dark. A.sharp B.keen C.clear 7.Mr.Brown decided to early due to his poor health A.retire B.resign C.leave 8.The between the two cities is about 500 kilometers by train. A.distance B.range C.gap 6 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit2】 Natural disasters三 9.When the fire people ran out of the building quickly. A.broke out B.burst out C.took out 10.Reporters searched for information about the accident. A.far and wide B.here and there C.all over 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.China is one of the world's largest exporters of agricultural p_ 2.The beauty of the mountain is b words. 3.The soldiers risked their lives to r the villagers from the flood. 4.We need to I the nearest hospital on the map before we start driving. 5.The traditional dress is decorated with a p of dragons and phoenixes. 6.Be careful!The knife has a s edge. 7.My grandfather r from teaching three years ago. 8.The d between the two villages is only 2 kilometers. 9.A war b out in that country in 1939. 10.The news of the victory spread f and wide across the nation. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The country (import)most of its electronic products from Japan. 2.Her talent in music is (beyond)our imagination. 3.The firefighters (rescue)five people from the burning house last night. 4.The police are trying to(locate)the missing child with the help of drones. 5.The company's management_ (pattern)has changed a lot since last year. 6.The driver made a (sharply)turn to avoid hitting the dog. 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit2】 Natural disasters三 7.Mymother (retire)from her job next month and plans to travel. 8.The (distant)between the two stars is measured in light-years. 9.A sudden storm. (break)out when we were hiking in the mountains. 10.Volunteers have searched (far)and wide for the lost hiker 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.这家工厂每年出口大量的丝绸到欧洲。 The factory large quantities of silk Europe every year. 2.这个问题太难了，超出了我的能力范围。 This problem is too difficult and my ability. 3.救援队从倒塌的建筑中救出了三名幸存者。 The rescue team three survivors the collapsed building. 4.新的购物中心将建在城市的中心。 The new shopping mall will in the center of the city. 5.这家公司正在改变其营销策略以吸引更多顾客。 The company is changing its marketing to attract more customers 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Natural disasters can strike without warning.In 2011,an earthquake_ (broke out/burst out)in Japan,causing a tsunami.Thousands of people were trapped,and rescue teams worked day andnight to (rescue/save)survivors.The government(imported/exported)emergency supplies from other countries,while volunteers searched(far and wide/here and there)for missing per- sons. In the days after the disaster,the sky was(ashy/grey)due to the nuclear plant accident.Scien- tists tried to (locate/find)the source of radiation.Local people had to change their daily (pattern/design)of life,staying indoors to avoid exposure. By (dawn/daybreak),workers began cleaning the streets covered in debris.Though the (distance/range)between destroyed areas was large,people united to rebuild their homes.Over time, the city slowly recovered,showing the power of human resilience. 8 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit2】 Natural disasters三 参考答案 I一、单项选择 1.A2B3B4.C5.A6B7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.products 2.beyond 3.rescue 4.locate 5.pattern 6.sharp 7retired 8.distance 9.broke 10.far I.三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.imports 2.beyond 3.rescued 4.locate 5.pattern 6.sharp 7.will retire 8.distance 9.broke 10.far V.四、完成句子 1.exports;to 2.beyond;my 3.rescued;from 4.be;located 5.pattern V.五、语篇填空 1.broke out 2rescue 3.imported 4.far and wide 5.ashy 6.locate 7.pattern 8.dawn 9.distance