Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册(译林版)

2026-02-22
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高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 核心词汇 【Unit 1】Honesty and responsibility 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 barely/beli/adv.刚才;仅仅,bless/bles/vt.(表示惊奇):祝福principle/prinsa3pl/n.道德原则: 勉强可能:几乎不,刚才 inch /mtf/n.英寸;少量,短距法则:信条 *cigar/s'ga:r)/n.雪茄烟 离 decent/'di:snt/adj.正派的,合 appointment/s'pomtmant/n.约arm in arm臂挽着臂 乎礼节的:得体的,适当的 定,约会;任命,委任;职务outline/'avtlam/t.概述,略述;*burden/'b3:dn/n.(义务、责任 tear down拆毁,拆除 n.概述;轮廓线,略图 等的)重担,负担 *keen /ki:n/ad.灵敏的,敏锐的:suspect/sa'spekt//t.&vi.疑有,geophysicist/,d3i:au'fizisIst/.n. 渴望,热切,热衷的 觉得:/'sAspekt/n.嫌疑犯,可疑地球物理学家 jaw/d3/n.下巴,颌 对象 core/k:(c)/adj.核心的:最重要 *scar/ska:)/n.伤疤;(精神上arrest/A'rest/n.&t.逮捕,拘的;n.核心,最重要的部分 的)创伤:污点 捕;under arrest被逮捕 socialist/'saufalist/adj.社会主 *eyebrow/aibrac/n.眉毛 wire/'waIa)/t.给(某人)打电义的:n.社会主义者 *scarfpin'ska:fpm/n.围巾夹,话:接通(电源:n.金属丝;电resign /rI'zam/t.&vi.辞职,辞 领带别针 线:铁丝网 去 diamond/'daramand/n.钴石 criminal/'krmmml/n.罪犯,犯罪ward /w:d/n.病房 make one's fortune发财 的人;adj.犯法的,犯罪的:不substantial/sab'sten/adj.大量 lose contact失去联系 道德的 的,价值巨大的:结实的,牢固 reliable /rr'lar3bl/adj.可信赖的,anyhow/enihac/adv.不过,总的 可靠的:真实可信的,可靠的之;尽管:而且,随便地 mineral/minaral/n.矿物,矿物 worthwhile/w3:0'war/adj.值innocent/.'mnasnt/adj.无辜的,清质 得花时间(或花钱、努力等,重白的,无罪的:天真无邪的,纯superb/su:p3b/ad.极佳的,卓 要的,令人愉快的 真的:n.无辜者,单纯的人 越的,质量极高的 collar'kole)/n.衣领:颈圈:箍legal/'Ii:gl/adj.合法的:法律的 词义辨析及同义替换 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 1.reliable /r'lar3bl/adj.可信赖的,可靠的:真实可信的 词义辨析: reliable:侧重“长期稳定、值得信赖”,可形容人或事物,强调可信度高,如reliable information (可靠信息)。 dependable:含义与reliable相近,但更强调“在困难或需要时能依赖”,多用于形容人,如a dependable friend(可依赖的朋友)。 同义替换: dependable,trustworthy 例句: My brother is a reliable person,so I always ask him for advice. 2.worthwhile/,w36'wa/adj.值得花时间(或努力等)的 词义辨析: worthwhile::主语多为“事物或活动”,后可接不定式或动名词,常用搭配“It is worthwhile to do/doing sth”(做某事值得)。 worth:后接名词或动名词,主语多为“事物”,常用搭配“sth be worth doing”(某事值得做), 主动形式表被动。 worthy:后接“of+名词/动名词”或不定式,常用搭配“be worthy of being done/to be done”(值 得被做)。 同义替换: valuable,rewarding 例句: It is worthwhile to spend time learning a second language 3.suspect/sa'spekt//t.疑有:/'sAspekt/n.嫌疑犯 词义辨析: suspect(动词):侧重“主观怀疑、觉得可能”,后接that从句或名词,如suspect he is lying(怀 疑他在撒谎)。 doubt(动词):侧重“对某事真实性或可能性表示怀疑”,后接hat从句(否定句/疑问句)或 whether/if从句,如doubt if he will come(怀疑他是否会来)。 同义替换: doubt(表怀疑时),distrust 例句: The police suspect that the man stole the money. 4.innocent/'nasnt/adj.无辜的:天真无邪的 词义辨析: innocent:.指“法律上无罪”或“道德上清白,无恶意”,如innocent of a crime(无罪)也可形 容人“天真单纯”。 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 guilty:形容词,意为“有罪的:内疚的”,是innocent的反义词,常用搭配be guilty of(犯有 …罪)。 同义替换: blameless,pure 例句: The little girl has an innocent smile on her face. 5.legal/'li:gl/adj.合法的:法律的 词义辨析: legal:指“符合法律规定的”,反义词为illegal(非法的),如legal rights(合法权利)。 lawful::含义与legal相近,但更强调“符合法律条文或原则”,多用于正式语境,如lawful marriage (合法婚姻)。 同义替换: lawful,legitimate 例句: It is legal to drive a car after getting a driver's license. 6.principle/'prinsap/n.道德原则;法则 词义辨析: principle:指“基本原理、道德准则”,是抽象概念,如moral principles(道德原则):也可指“学 科中的法则”,如the principle of gravity(重力原理)。 Ile:指“具体的规则、规定”,如school rules(校规),强调必须遵守的条例。 同义替换: ule(表法则时),doctrine 例句: He always sticks to his principles and never does anything wrong. 7.substantial/sab'staenf1/adj.大量的;结实的 词义辨析: ubstantial:形容“数量多、程度深”时,强调“可观的、实质的”,如a substantial amount of money (一大笔钱):形容物体时意为“结实的、牢固的”。 considerable:仅强调“数量或程度相当大”,如a considerable improvement(显著进步),不用于 形容物体。 同义替换: considerable,significant 例句: We made substantial progress in solving the problem. 8.superb/s:'p3b/adj.极佳的,卓越的 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 词义辨析: superb:指“质量、水平极高,令人赞叹”,语气强于excellent,如superb performance(精彩表 演)。 excellent:.意为“优秀的、极好的”,使用范围广,可形容人或事物,如excellent grades(优异成 绩)。 同义替换: excellent,brilliant 例句: The chef cooked a superb meal for us last night. 9.anyhow/enihav/adv.不过,总之;尽管 词义辨析: anyhow:口语中常用,意为“无论如何、不管怎样”,强调“即使有困难也会做某事”;也可表 示“随便地、杂乱地”。 anyway:含义与anyhow基本相同,可互换使用,但anyway更常用。 同义替换: anyway,nevertheless 例句: I will finish the work today anyhow,no matter how late it is. 10.tear down拆毁,拆除 词义辨析: tear down:强调“暴力或彻底拆除建筑物”,如tear down an old house(拆除房子)。 knock down:侧重“撞倒、拆除”,可指人被撞倒或物体被拆除,如knock down a wall(推倒墙)。 同义替换: knock down,pull down 例句: They plan to tear down the abandoned factory and build a park. 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.You can always trust her because she is a_friend who never breaks promises A.reliable B.doubtful 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 C.guilty 2.It isto drive without a license in most countries. A.legal B.illegal C.lawful 3.The police that the suspect hid the stolen goods in the forest. A.doubt B.suspect C.trust 4.After years of hard work,he finally-by investing in technology companies. A.made his fortune B.earned money C.lost contact 5.The old temple was-to make way for a new shopping mall. A.pulled down B.built up C.set up 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The little boy has an ismile,making everyone around him feel warm.(i) 2.You should stick to your p_and never do anything against your moral values.(p) 3.We made s_progress in the project after months of teamwork.(s) 4.The movie received sreviews from critics for its excellent acting and plot.(s) 5.A I don't think it's a good idea to quit your job without a backup plan.(A) 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. The witness proved that the defendant was_(innocent)of the crime. 5 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 2.It is(worthwhile)to spend time volunteering in communities. 3.1 The company's(legal)team is working on a new contract. 4.She is_(dependable)and always helps others when they are in need. 5.They_(tear)down the old factory to build a park last year. 四、完成句子 l.He_一_(失去联系)with his childhood friends after moving abroad. 2.The scientist explained the__(重力原理)to the students. 3.It is_()to learn a second language for future career development 4.The judge declared that the suspect was_()of all charges. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连 贯。 Mrs.Smith is a-(reliable/doubtful)teacher who has taught for over 20 years.Her students love her because she is not only knowledgeable but also-(dependable/guilty).Last month,a student was accused of stealing,but Mrs.Smith believed he was_(innocent/guilty).She worked with the school to find evidence,and finally proved his innocence.The student's parents were very grateful and said,"It's(worthwhile/worth)to have such a caring teacher."Later,the school planned to(tear down/build up)an old classroom to expand the library.Mrs.Smith supported the plan, saying it would bring_(substantial/considerable)benefits to students. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2B 3B4.A5.A 6 高中译林版 【选择性必修第四册】 Unit1词义辨析精讲 IⅡ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.innocent 2.principles s3.substantial 4.superb 5.Anyhow I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.innocent 2.worthwhile 3.legal 4.dependable 5.tore V.完成句子 1.lost contact with 2.principle of gravity 3.worthwhile 4.innocent V.语篇填空 1.reliable 2.dependable 3.innocent 4.worthwhile 5.tear down 6.substantial 7

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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册(译林版)
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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册(译林版)
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Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册(译林版)
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