Unit 2 Natural disasters二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 高中专版 【Unit2】Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 pole /pa/n.柱，杆：极 供给，提供 document/'dokjumant/n.文件， inform /m'fm/t.了解，熟悉：donate/dau'net/vt.捐赠，赠公文；（计算机中的）文档 通知 送：（献血） honey/'hni/n.(爱称)亲爱的： hurricane/'hArikan/n.飓风 charity/tfaerati/n.慈善机构（或蜂蜜 conference/konfarans/n.会议，组织)；慈善，施舍；仁爱，宽容otherwise/'Aǒawaz/adv.否则， 研讨会：讨论，商谈 staff/sta:fn.全体职工；管理人不然：除此之外 shock /fok/n.震惊，惊愕：剧烈员；t.〈口〉工作，任职于 curious/'kjvarias/adj.好奇的： 震动：vt.使震惊 slide /slad/vt.幻灯；降低，下奇特的 scare/skea(r)/t.&i.惊吓，害滑：山崩：vi.&t.滑行：逐渐Roman /'r3omn/adj.古罗马 怕：n.恐慌：惊吓 陷入 的：罗马的：n.古罗马人：罗 power'paa(r)/n.电；电力：权fund /fand/n.资金；基金 马人 力：政权：控制力：能力；能量；flood /flad/n.洪水，水灾：大量；erupt /'rApt/vi.&t.(火山)爆 力量 vi.&t.淹没，泛滥：大量涌入；发：突然发生 un out of用完，耗尽 充满 unearth/n'3:0/t.使出土，挖 supply/sapla/n.补给，补给品；downstairs/,dan'steaz/adv.在掘，发掘；发现，找到 供应：供应量，储备：t.供应，楼下，往楼下：n.楼下 词义辨析及同义替换 1.power/'paUa)/n.电；电力：权力：政权；控制力：能力：能量；力量 词义辨析： power:含义最广，可指具体的“电力、能量”，也可指抽象的“权力、能力”，如electrical power (电力)、political power(政权)。 strength:侧重指“体力、力量”，强调身体或物体的强度，如physical strength(体力)。 energy:指“精力、能量”，尤指人或机器工作时消耗或产生的能量，如solar energy(太阳能)。 同义替换： energy,strength,authority 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： The storm cut off power to thousands of homes. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） The government has the-to make laws and enforce them. A.energy B.power C.strength (答案：B) 2. shock/k/n.震惊，惊愕：剧烈震动：t.使震惊 词义辨析： shock:指因意外事件或残酷事实而产生的“震惊、惊愕”，可作名词或动词，如a big shock(巨 大的震惊)、shock sb.(使某人震惊)。 surprise:侧重“意外”，程度比shock轻，可指惊喜或惊讶，如a pleasant surprise(惊喜)。 astonishment::强调因不可思议的事情而感到“极度惊讶”，语气较强，如stare in astonishment (惊愕地盯着)。 同义替换： surprise,astonish,amaze 例句： The news of the accident left us all in shock 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） Her sudden decision to quit her job_everyone in the office. A.shocked B.pleased C.bored (答案：A) 3.curious/'kj5 arias/adj.好奇的；奇特的 词义辨析： curious:指对未知事物“好奇的”，常与about连用，如curious about the world（对世界好奇)； 也可指事物“奇特的”，如a curious shape(奇特的形状)。 interested:侧重“感兴趣的”，主语通常是人，后接in,如interested in music(对音乐感兴趣)。 strange:仅指事物“奇怪的、陌生的”，不含“好奇”的情感，如a strange noise(奇怪的声音)。 同义替换： inquisitive,strange,interested 例句： Children are naturally curious about ever ything around them. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） The little boy wasabout the origin of the universe and asked his teacher many questions. A.curious B.angry C.satisfied(答案：A) 4.erupt/'rpt/vi.&t.(火山)爆发：突然发生 词义辨析： erupt:主要指“火山爆发”或“暴力、情绪等突然发生”，如The volcano erupted yesterday.(火 山昨天爆发了)：也可指“争吵突然爆发”，如A fight erupted in the crowd. 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 explode:侧重“爆炸”，指物体因内部压力而破裂，如The bomb exploded..(炸弹爆炸了)：也可 指“情绪爆发”，如explode with anger(勃然大怒)。 burst:强调“突然破裂、迸发”，如burst into tears（突然大哭)、burst a pipe(水管爆裂)。 同义替换： break out,explode,burst 例句： Scientists warned that the volcano might erupt again soon 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） After years of dormancy,the volcano_last month,causing widespread damage A.erupted B.exploded C.burned (答案：A) 5.inform /in'fm/t.了解，熟悉：通知 词义辨析： inform:较正式，指“通知、告知”，常用搭配inform sb.of sth.(告知某人某事)，如The teacher informed us of the exam date. tell:口语化，泛指“告诉”，直接接双宾语，如tell me a story(给我讲故事)。 notify:更正式，侧重“官方或正式通知”，如notify the police(通知警方)。 同义替换： notify,tell,advise 例句： Please inform me of any changes to the plan in advance. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） The manager_all employees of the new company rules via email. A.informed B.spoke C.talked(答案：A) 6.supply /s3pla/n.补给，补给品；供应：供应量，储备：t.供应，供给，提供 词义辨析： supply:指“长期或大量供应”，侧重满足需求，常用搭配supply sth.tosb.或supply sb.with sth., 如supply water to the city(为城市供水)：作名词时指“供应量”，如a good supply of food(充足 的食物供应)。 provide:含义更广，指“提供、供给”，不强调数量，常用搭配provide sb.with sth..或provide sth.for sb.,如provide shelter for the homeless(为无家可归者提供住所)。 offer:侧重“主动提供”，可接名词或不定式，如offer help(主动提供帮助)、offer to do sth.(主 动提出做某事)。 同义替换： provide,offer,furnish 例句 The local farm supplies fresh vegetables to the supermarket every day 3 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） The government promised to-the affected area with enough medical supplies. A.supply B.give C.show (答案：A) 7.otherwise/'AoawaIz/adv.否则，不然；除此之外 词义辨析： otherwise:作“否则”时，引导条件状语从句，相当于if not,如Hurry up,otherwise you'llbe late.(快点，否则你会迟到)：作“除此之外”时，相当于besides,如I'm busy today..Otherwise,. I'dhelp you.(我今天很忙，不然就帮你了)。 or:口语中可替换otherwise表示“否则”，但or更简洁，如Study hard,or you’ll fail.(努力学 习，否则你会不及格)。 besides:仅表示“除此之外”，不表“否则”，如I like English.Besides,I'm good at it..(我喜欢 英语，而且我很擅长)。 同义替换： or,else,besides 例句： You must wear a helmet when cycling;otherwise,you may get hurt. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） Finish your homework first,-you won't be allowed to watch TV tonight. A.otherwise B.therefore C.besides (答案：A) 8.1ood/flAd/n.洪水，水灾；大量；vi.&vt.淹没，泛滥；大量涌入；充满 词义辨析： flood:指“洪水、水灾”，如a big flood(大洪水)：作动词时指“淹没”或“大量涌入”，如The river flooded the village.(河水淹没了村庄)、Visitors flooded into the museum.(游客涌入博物馆)。 deluge:正式用词，指“暴雨、洪水”，语气比flood强，如a deluge of rain(倾盆大雨)。 inundate:侧重“被水淹没”或“被大量事物淹没”，如inundated with emails(邮件泛滥)。 同义替换： deluge,inundate,overflow 例句： Heavy rains caused the river to flood,destroying many houses 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） After the storm,the streets were_with water,and cars could not pass. A.flooded B.filled C.covered(答案：A) 9.donate/da'net/t.捐赠，赠送；（献血） 词义辨析： donate:指“自愿捐赠财物或血液”，常用搭配donate sth.tosb./sth.,如donate money to charity (向慈善机构捐款)、donate blood(献血)。 4 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 give:泛指“给予”，可接双宾语，如give a book to me(给我一本书)，但不如donate正式。 contributes:侧重“贡献、捐献”，可指时间、精力或财物，常用搭配contribute to(为…做贡 献)，如contribute to the community(为社区做贡献)。 同义替换： contribute,give,present 例句： Many people donated food and clothes to the victims of the earthquake. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三同步练习） She decided to her old books to the school library instead of throwing them away. A.donate B.sell C.keep (答案：A) l0.unearth/n'3:0/t.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 词义辨析： unearth:指“挖掘出土”（如文物、化石）或“发现隐藏的事物”，如unearth ancient artifacts(发 掘古代文物)、unearth a secret(发现秘密)。 discover:指首次发现原本存在但未被知晓的事物，如discover a new species(发现新物种)。 excavate:专业术语，特指“考古挖掘”，如excavate a historical site(挖掘历史遗址)。 同义替换： discover,excavate,uncover 例句： Archaeologists unearthed a roman villa near the river 真题链接：（译林版高中必修三单元检测） Researchers_valuable artifacts from the Ming Dynasty during the dig. A.unearthed B.created C.destroyed (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The solar panels convert sunlight into_,which powers the entire building. A.power B.strength C.energy 2.The sudden news of his death left the whole family in. A.surprise 5 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit2 Natural disasters词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.shock C.astonishment 3.My little sister is alwaysabout how the stars shine at night A.curious B.interested C.strange 4.After the heavy rain,the river_and many roads were closed. A.erupted B.flooded C.exploded 5.Pleaseme of the meeting time as soon as you confirm it. A.inform B.tell C.notify 6.The local store-fresh fruits and vegetables to nearby restaurants daily. A.provides B.supplies C.offers 7.You must hand in your homework on time;_,you will lose points. A.otherwise B.besides C.therefore 8.Many peoplemoney and clothes to the poor areas after the disaster. A.donated B.gave C.contributed 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The government has the pto make and enforce laws in the country. 2.The children stared in awhen they saw the magician pull a rabbit out of the hat 3.Scientists are c about the possibility of life on other planets. 4.The volcano has been inactive for years,but no one knows when it will eagain. 5.The company will i all staff of the new working hours next week. 6 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit2 Natural disasters词义辨析及同义替换精讲 6.The city's water swas cut off during the storm,affecting thousands of people. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The little boy showed great_(curious)about the new toy car. 2.The teacher asked us to _(inform)our parents of the upcoming parent-teacher meeting. 3.After the flood,many volunteers helped_(supply)food to the affected families. 4.If you don't study hard now,you will_(otherwise)regret it in the future 5.The museum was_(flood)with visitors during the summer vacation 四、完成句子 1.The government promised to一（为灾区提供）enough medical supplies. 2.She was一（对太空感到好奇）and decided to study astronomy. 3.Please_(通知我)as soon as you receive the package. 4.The river_(淹没了村庄)after three days of heavy rain, 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Natural disasters can strike without warning.Last year,a strong earthquake hit a small town.The first thing people noticed was the violent(1)-(shock/strength)that shook their houses.Many were (2)_(curious/shocked)and didn't know what was happening.Some tried to run outside,but the roads were soon (3)_(flooded/erupted)by broken pipes. Local officials immediately(4)(informed/told)the public to stay calm and seek safe shelter.Vol- unteers quickly arrived with(5)(supplies/powers)of food,water,and blankets.Doctors worked day and night to help the injured.(6)(Otherwise/Besides)the physical damage,the disaster also left many people homeless.However,with the support of the whole country,the town gradually recovered. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3.A4.B5.A6B7.A8.A 7 高中必修第三册译林版 Unit 2 Natural disasters 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.power 2.astonishment 3.curious 4.erupt 5.inform 6.supply I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.curiosity 2.inform 3.supply 4.otherwise 5.flooded V.完成句子 1.supply the disaster area with 2.curious about space 3.inform me 4.flooded the village V.语篇填空 1.shock 2.shocked 3.flooded 4.informed 5.supplies 6.Besides P