Unit 4 Never too old to learn二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（译林版）

高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 单元精讲 【Unit4】Never too old to learn二 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 lamp /laemp/n.k灯 circus/'s3ks/n.热闹场面；马出 random/'raendam/adj.随机的；戏团 cafeteria/,kef3'taria/n.自助餐 辨认不出的：不合常理的 essay/'ese/n.文章，短文 厅，自助食堂 statistic/st3'tIstrk/n.统计数字，geometry/d3i'omatri/n.几何bounce /baons/t.(向某人)试探 统计资料 (学)：几何形状 地透露（主意）：vi.跳动：n.弹 tablet/taeblt/n.平板电脑；药paragraph/'per3graf/n.段，段跳；活力：bounce ideas off sb向 各 落 某人试探地透露主意 certificate/sa'tIfikot/n.文凭，结 laptop/laptop/n.笔记本电脑，professor /pr3'fesa()/n.教授：讲 业证书：证明，证明书 便携式电脑 师，教员 breast/brest/n.胸部，胸脯 dizy/dzi/adj.头晕目眩的：使beard /biad/n.胡须，络腮胡子 curtain/'k3tn/n.幕，帷幕；窗人眩晕的 *intimidating /m'tmmidertn/adj. 帘，帘：覆盖物 sneeze/sni:zvi.打喷嚏；n.喷吓人的，令人胆怯的 inaf1ash转瞬间，立即 嚏，喷嚏声 carriage/kaerid/n.(火车的)客 tight /tat/adj.紧紧地，牢固地；reference/'refrans/n.参考；提车厢：时载客的)四轮马车 adj.牢固的；严格的：密集的：亲到：推荐信：vi.查阅，参考kettle/ket/n.壶，水壶 密的 draft/dra:ft/n.草稿，草案，草librarian1ar'brearian/n.图书管 mature /m3'ta)/adj.明白事图：t.起草，草拟 理员，图书馆馆长 理的，成熟的：vi.成熟，成长；polish/'pplt.&vi.修改，润forehead/'forhed;fo:rhed/n.额， 有判断力 饰：擦亮，磨光：n.抛光，上光；前额 compose oneself使自己镇定下完美，娴熟，精湛 extension/k'stenfn/n.(为非全 来 drawer/dr:r)/n.抽屉 日制学生开设的)进修部，进修 dormitory/'do:matri//n.学生宿presentation/prez'ten/n.幻课；扩大，延伸 舍，集体宿舍 灯片演示：提交，授予；展示：演 词义辨析及同义替换 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.certificate/sa'trfikat/n.文凭，结业证书：证明，证明书 词义辨析： certificate:侧重指“官方或正式机构颁发的证明、证书”，如学历证书、资格证书等，强调权威 性和凭证作用。 diploma:主要指“毕业文凭”，尤指大学或专科学校的毕业证书，更侧重学历证明。 同义替换： diploma,credential 例句： She received a certificate for completing the training course. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） After graduation,he got a in engineering from Tsinghua University. A.certificate B.diploma C.license （答案：B) 2.essay/ese/n.文章，短文 词义辨析： ssy:指“散文、随笔”或“（学生写的）短文、论说文”，篇幅较短，侧重个人观点或分析。 article:多指“报刊、杂志上的文章”，内容较正式，可涉及新闻、评论等。 同义替换： composition,paper 例句： We need to write an essay about environmental protection this week 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The in today's newspaper discusses the impact of technology on education. A.essay B.article C.story (答案：B) 3.presentation/,prezn'teln/n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示；演出 词义辨析： presentation:侧重“（利用幻灯片等工具的）演示、展示”，常用于学术或商业场合。 performance: 指“表演、演出”，如戏剧、音乐等艺术表演，或“表现、业绩”。 同义替换： demonstration,display 例句： She gave a presentation on her research at the conference. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册练习册） The students will have a of their projects in front of the whole class tomorrow. A.presentation B.performance C.competition(答案：A) 4.draft/taf/n.草稿，草案，草图：t.起草，草拟 2 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： daft:指“初步的草稿、草案”，需进一步修改完善，可作名词或动词。 outline: 侧重“大纲、概要”，指内容的框架结构，通常为名词。 同义替换： sketch,preliminary version 例句： He is drafting a plan for the new project 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） Before writing the essay,you should first make an to organize your ideas. A.draft B.outline C.copy (答案：B) 5.polish/pDlt.&vi.修改，润饰；擦亮，磨光：n.抛光，上光：完美，娴熟，精湛 词义辨析： polish:作“修改、润饰”时，强调使内容更完美、精炼，尤指语言文字。 revise:侧重“修改、修订”，指对内容进行较大调整或更正，如修订书稿。 同义替换： refine,perfect 例句： You need to polish your essay before submitting it. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） After finishing the first draft,he spent two hours the language to make it more formal. A.polishing gB.revising C.correcting(答案：A) 6.reference/refrans/n.参考：提到：推荐信；vi.查阅，参考 词义辨析： reference:指“参考、查阅”时，强调从资料中获取信息：作“提到”时，指间接提及某人或某 事。 consult:侧重“咨询、请教”，指向他人寻求意见或帮助。 同义替换： citation,mention 例句： You can refer to this book for more information 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册练习册） When writing the research paper,make sure to include to all the sources you used. A.references B.consultations C.examples(答案：A) 7.bounce/bauns/t.(向某人)试探地透露（主意）：vi.跳动；n.弹跳；活力 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： bounce:作“试探地透露主意”时，常用搭配“bounce ideas off sb”,指与他人交流以完善想法。 shae:泛指“分享、共享”，不强调“试探”的含义，直接表达自己的想法。 同义替换： float,propose 例句： She bounced her new business idea off her friends to get feedback 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） Before making the final decision,he likes to his plans off his colleagues. A.bounce B.share C.discuss (答案：A) 8.extension/k'stenn/n.(为非全日制学生开设的)进修部，进修课；扩大，延伸 词义辨析： extension:指“（时间、空间的）延长、延伸”，或“进修课程”，侧重范围的扩展。 expansion:强调“（规模、数量的）扩大、膨胀”，如业务扩张、人口增长。 同义替换： prolongation,continuation 例句： The university offers extension courses for working adults 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） The of the subway line will make it easier for people to travel downtown A.extension B.expansion C.development (答案：A) 9.mature/m3'toar)/adj.明白事理的，成熟的：vi.成熟，成长；有判断力 词义辨析： mature:指人“心智成熟、明白事理”，或植物、果实“成熟”，强调发展到完善阶段。 gow-up:口语化，仅指“成年的、长大的”，侧重年龄上的成熟。 同义替换： adult,sensible 例句： She is more mature than other students of her age. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册练习册） After experiencing many challenges,he became more and responsible. A.mature B.grown-up C.serious (答案：A) l0.tight/tat/adj.紧紧地，牢固地：牢固的：严格的：密集的：亲密的 词义辨析： tght:作“牢固的”时，指连接紧密或空间狭窄；作“严格的”时，指规则、控制等严格。 fi:侧重“稳固的、坚定的”，指不易动摇或改变，如坚定的信念、稳固的基础。 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： close,strict 例句： The door was stuck tight,so we couldn't open it. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） The company has_rules about punctuality-no one is allowed to be late. A.tight B.firm C.loose (答案：A) 11.silent/sarlant/adj.沉默的：无声的 词义辨析： silent:强调“不说话的、寂静的”，可指人沉默或环境无声。 quit:侧重“安静的、宁静的”，指无噪音或人性格文静。 同义替换： speechless,noiseless 例句： The room was silent except for the sound of breathing 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试） Please keep in the library so that others can read in peace. A.silent B.quiet C.still(答案：B) 12.compose oneself使自己镇定下来 词义辨析： compose oneself:指“使情绪平静、镇定下来”，强调从紧张或激动中恢复平静。 calm down:泛指“冷静下来”，口语化，可用于他人或自己。 同义替换： collect oneself,settle down 例句： She took a deep breath to compose herself before the interview. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册练习册） When you feel nervous,try to by counting to ten slowly. A.compose yourself B.calm down C.cheer up(答案：B) l3.inaf1ash转瞬间，立即 词义辨析： in a flash:强调时间极短，“一瞬间、立刻”，书面语和口语均可用。 in a moment::指“很快、马上”，时间稍长于in a flash,语气较缓和。 同义替换： in an instant,immediately 5 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： The accident happened in a flash,and no one could react. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习） I'llbe back -just wait here for me. A.in a flash B.in a moment C.for a while (答案：B) 14.professor /pra3'fesa(r)/n.教授 词义辨析： professor:指大学或学院中最高级别的教师职称，通常具有博士学位。 lecturer:指讲师，职称低于教授，主要负责授课而非研究。 同义替换： academic,scholar 例句： Professor Smith will give a lecture on quantum physics tomorrow. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修第四册练习册） Dr.Brown was promoted to full after publishing his groundbreaking research. A.professor B.lecturer C.instructor (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.After completing the training course,she received a-as proof of her achievement. A.certificate B.diploma C.license 2.The in the journal mainly focuses on personal experiences and reflections. A.essay B.article C.story 3.The team will give aon their research findings at the annual conference. A.presentation B.performance C.competition 4.Before writing the report,you should first create anto outline the main points. 6 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 A.draft B.outline C.copy 5.She spent hours_her speech to make it more persuasive and concise. A.polishing B.revising C.correcting 6.When writing academic papers,it is important to includeto all cited sources. A.references B.consultations C.examples 7.He likes tohis ideas off his colleagues before finalizing the project plan A.bounce B.share C.discuss 8.The_of the highway will reduce travel time between the two cities. A.extension B.expansion C.development 9.After going through many challenges,she has become more-and capable of making wise deci- Sions. A.mature B.grown-up C.serious 10.The company hascontrol over quality to ensure products meet high standards. A.tight B.firm C.loose 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.She received a_()for winning the English speaking competition 2.Our teacher asked us to write an _(about our summer vacation. 3.The students are preparing a()for the science fair next week. 4.Please read the first_()of the report and give me your feedback. 1 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 5.You need to一（▣饰）your composition before submitting it to the teacher. 6.The book includes a list of_(参考文献)for further reading 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.He is_(draft)a proposal for the new project these days. 2.The manager asked us to make a(present)on the sales data at tomorrow's meeting. 3.After_(polish)the article several times,she finally sent it to the magazine 4.You can_(reference)this dictionary when you encounter new words. 5.The(extend)of the deadline gave us more time to complete the task. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.大学毕业后，她获得了计算机科学的一（文凭）。 She received a in computer science after graduating from university. 2.演讲前，他花了十分钟让自己一（镇定下来）。 He spent ten minutes_before the speech. 3.事故一（转瞬间）就发生了，没有人来得及反应。 The accident happened_,and no one could react in time. 4.在图书馆请保持一（安静），不要打扰他人。 Please keepin the library and don't disturb others. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Zhang Wei is a university student majoring in engineering.After graduation,he hopes to get a(1) (diploma/certificate)from his university.To prepare for his thesis,he first made an(2)-(out- line/draft)to organize his ideas,then wrote the first (3)(draft/outline)and spent weeks(4)-(pol- ishing/revising)the language.He alsoneeded to include(5)-(references/consultations)to academic papers he had read.Before defending his thesis,he practiced his (6)(presentation/performance) many times and asked his classmates to (7)(bounce/share)ideas off them to improve it.Finally, he successfully graduated and became a(8)(mature/grown-up)engineer. 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【单元精讲】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.A4B5.A6.A7.A8.A9.A10.A Ⅱ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.certificate 2.essay 3.presentation 4.draft 5.polish 6.references ⅡI.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.drafting 2.presentation 3.polishing 4.reference 5.extension V.完成句子 1.diploma 2.composing himself 3.in a flash 4.quiet V.语篇填空 1.diploma 2.outline 3.draft 4.polishing 5.references 6.presentation 7.bounce 8.ma ture