Unit 2 Natural disasters一-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 核心训练 【Unit2】Natural disasters 词义辨析及综合训练 本单元核心词汇 一、 全部单元单词 county/'kaonti/n.那，县 离去，退场：退出：n.出口，通odd/pd/ad.奇怪的，怪异的：偶 injure/nd3ar)/t.伤害，使受道；离开 尔的：不成对的 伤；损害 orderly/':dali/adj.有秩序的，*bubble/'babl/n.泡沫，泡，气 disaster/d'za:star)/n.灾难，灾 有条理的，整齐的 泡 害：彻底失败 stair /stea/n.楼梯；梯级 occur/k3:(r)/vi.发生，出现， at large整个，全部 roll /r3n.名单；卷；一管：翻存在于；occur to被想到，浮现 reaction /ri'aekn/n.反应，回应：滚；vi.&t.翻滚，滚动：动身；在脑中 抗拒：化学反应 卷起；roll call点名 keep one's head(在困境中)保持 crash/kae/n.碰撞声，破裂声：confirm /kan'f3m/t.证实，确冷静 碰撞：崩溃：vi.&t.碰撞，撞认：使确信：批准 relief /rI'li:f/n.宽慰，轻松；减 击：崩溃 safe and sound安然无恙的 轻，消除；救济 signal/'signal/vi.&t.发信号，hug /hAg/vt.拥抱，搂抱，抱紧typhoon /tar'fn/n.台风 示意：标志：n.信号，暗号；标procedure /pra'si:da(r/n.程序，destructive/dr'strAktIv/adj.引起 志：信号灯 步骤，手续 破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭） exit/ekst,'egzt/t.&vi.出去，*tsunami/tsu:'nami/n.海啸 性的 词义辨析及同义替换 1.disaster/d'za:star)/n.灾难，灾害：彻底失败 词义辨析： disaster:指造成严重破坏或损失的自然或人为灾难，如地震、洪水等，也可比喻“彻底失败”。 typhoon:专指发生在西北太平洋的热带气旋，属于具体的自然灾害类型。 同义替换： catastrophe,calamity 例句： The earthquake was the worst disaster to hit the area in decades. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 A powerful struck the coastal city last night,causing widespread damage. A.disaster B.typhoon C.relief (答案：B) 2.injure/'md3a(r)/t.伤害，使受伤：损害 词义辨析： injure:侧重身体或情感上的伤害，常指意外事故导致的损伤，程度较“hurt”更严重。 ut:可指身体疼痛或情感伤害，使用范围更广，程度可轻可重。 同义替换： harm,wound 例句： He was injured in a car crash and had to stay in hospital for a week. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） The fire several people,including two children. A.injured B.destroyed C.occurred(答案：A) 3.occur /a'k3:(r)/vi.发生，出现，存在于；occur to被想到，浮现在脑中 词义辨析： occur:正式用语，指“发生、出现”，主语多为事件，不用于被动语态：occur to表示“被想到”， 主语常为想法或念头。 happen:口语化，指“偶然发生”，主语为事件，可与take place互换，但take place更侧重“按 计划发生”。 同义替换： happen,take place 例句： It never occurred to me that she would refuse the offer 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册期中复习题） Great changes have in our city over the past ten years A.occurred B.injured C.confirmed (答案：A) 4.relief/r'lif/n.宽慰，轻松：减轻，消除：救济 词义辨析： relief:指“紧张或痛苦的缓解”，强调心理上的放松，如“松了一口气”。 release:侧重“释放、发布”，可指释放压力、信息或人，如release pressure。 同义替换： comfort,ease 例句： Hearing the good news,she sighed with relief. 2 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） The medicine brought some to his headache A.relief B.reaction C.signal (答案：A) 5.destructive/d'strAktIv/adj.引起破坏（或毁灭）的，破坏（或毁灭）性的 词义辨析： destructive:强调“具有破坏性的”，修饰事物或行为对环境、物体等造成损害。 damaging:侧重“有害的、造成损害的”，可指对名誉、关系等抽象事物的破坏。 同义替换： damaging,ruinous 例句： The destructive storm destroyed hundreds of houses in the village. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） The」 effects of the flood will last for many years. A.orderly B.destructive C.odd(答案：B) 6.confirm /kan'f3m/t.证实，确认：使确信；批准 词义辨析： confirm:指“通过证据或信息证实某事的真实性”，或“确认安排、预约等”。 prove:侧重“通过事实或证据证明”，语气更强，如prove a theory。 同义替换： verify,assure 例句： The police confirmed that the suspect had been arrested 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册期末复习题） Please call the hotel to your reservation before arrival. A.confirm B.occur C.hug (答案：A) 7.keep one's head(在困境中)保持冷静 词义辨析： keep one'shad:强调“在危机或压力下保持冷静，不慌乱”。 keep calm:泛指“保持冷静”，语气较平和，可用于日常场景。 同义替换： stay calm,keep one's cool 例句： It's important to keep your head during an emergency 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） Even though the fire was spreading,he managed to and lead others to safety. A.keep his head B.lose his head C.roll his head (答案：A) 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 8.signal/'sIgnal/vi.&t.发信号，示意：标志；n.信号，暗号：标志：信号灯 词义辨析： signal(v.):指“通过动作、声音或信号传递信息”，如signal for help。 sign(v):侧重“用手势或符号示意”，如sign to sb to come。. 同义替换： sign,indicate 例句： He signaled to the driver to stop the car. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） The red light that it's dangerous to cross the road. A.signals B.crashes C.exits(答案：A) 9.safe and sound安然无恙的 词义辨析： safe and sound:强调“身体和状况都安全，没有受伤”，多用于灾难或危险后。 saf:仅表示“安全的”，不强调“完好无损”。 同义替换： unharmed,intact 例句： They returned from the trip safe and sound. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册期中复习题） After the storm,all family members were found A.safe and sound B.at large C.in relief (答案：A) l0.reaction /ri'k/n.反应，回应：抗拒：化学反应 词义辨析： reaction: 指“对某事的反应”，可用于情感、化学或物理反应，如a reaction to the news。. response:侧重“对问题或请求的回应”，更正式，如a response to the letter。 同义替换： response,feedback 例句： Her reaction to the joke was to laugh loudly. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） What was his when he heard he had passed the exam? A.reaction B.procedure C.bubble(答案：A) 11.crash /kraef/n.碰撞声，破裂声：碰撞：崩溃；vi.&t.碰撞，撞击；崩溃 4 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 词义辨析： crash(v.):指“猛烈碰撞”，常伴有破碎声，如car crash:也可指“系统崩溃”，如computer crash。 collide(v.):正式用语，指“物体或人相撞”，需与with连用，如collide with a tree。 同义替换： collide,smash 例句： The two cars crashed into each other at the intersection 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册单元测试） The plane into the mountain,killing all passengers. A.crashed B.signaled C.rolled(答案：A) 12.odd/Dd/adj.奇怪的，怪异的；偶尔的：不成对的 词义辨析： odd:指“反常的、奇怪的”，强调与正常情况不同，如an odd behavior。 strange:泛指“陌生的、奇怪的”，侧重不熟悉或难以理解，如a strange place。 同义替换： strange,peculiar 例句： She has an odd habit of talking to herself. 真题链接：（译林版高中必修第三册同步练习） There was something about his smile that I didn't like A.odd B.orderly C.safe (答案：A) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.The sudden earthquake was a terrible that left thousands of people homeless. A.disaster B.typhoon C.relief 2.The car accident three passengers,and they were sent to the hospital immediately. A.injured B.destroyed C.occurred 5 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 3.A strange idea to me while I was taking a walk in the park. A.confirmed B.occurred C.signaled 4.After hearing the good news,she breathed a sigh of A.relief B.reaction C.crash 5.The storm caused severe damage to the coastal villages. A.orderly B.destructive C.odd 6.Please your flight reservation two days before departure. A.confirm B.occur C.injure 7.In the face of danger,it's important to and make the right decision. A.keep your head B.lose your head C.roll your head 8.The teacher to the students to be quiet by raising her hand. A.crashed B.signaled C.reacted 9.After the flood,all the trapped people were rescued A.safe and sound B.at large C.in relief 10.Her to the gift was a big smile and a warm hug A.reaction B.procedure C.bubble 二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.The (brought strong winds and heavy rain to the area. 6 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 2.He was (in the football match and had to quit the game 3.Great changes have (发生)in our hometown since2010 4.The medicine provided some from the pain in his back. 5.The (破坏性的)earthquake destroyed many historical buildings. 6.The police called to. (确认)the time of the meeting. 7.She managed to (保持冷静)even when the fire broke out. 8.The red light (示意)that we should stop the car. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The(destroy)power of the tornado surprised everyone. 2.He (injure)his leg while playing basketball yesterday. 3.It never (occur)to me that he would lie to me. 4.The news of her safe arrival brought great(relief)to her family. 5.The police (confirm)that the suspect was caught this morning 6.You should try to」 (keep)your head in an emergency. 7.The driver (signal)to the pedestrians before turning left. 8.They returned home (safe)after the long journey. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这场洪水造成的破坏将持续很多年。 The of the flood will last for many years. 2.我从没想过他会拒绝这个提议。 It never me that he would refuse the offer 3.听到儿子安然无恙的消息，她松了一口气。 Hearing the news that her son was she sighed with relief. 4.医生证实他的病情正在好转。 The doctor that his condition was improving. 7 高中必修第三册译林版 【核心词汇精讲】 词义辨析及综合训练 5.面对危险，他保持冷静并帮助他人脱险。 In the face of danger,he and helped others escape 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 A strong typhoon hit the coastal city last night.It was a terrible (1) (disaster/typhoon)that caused widespread damage.Many houses were destroyed,and several people were (2) (in- jured/injuring)in the storm.The local government immediately sent relief teams to help the affected people. During the typhoon,Mr.Li,a local teacher,showed great courage.He(3)(kept his head/lost his head)and guided his students to a safe place.After the storm,all the students were found (4) (safe and sound/in relief). The next morning,people began to clean up the mess.A reporter asked Mr.Li about his(5) (reaction/response)to the emergency.He said,"I just did what I should do.It's important to stay calm in such situations."The government also(6)(confirmed/signaled)that they would provide financial support to rebuild the city. 参考答案 I单项选择 1.A2.A3.B4.A5B6.A7.A8B9.A10.A IⅡ.根据句意及汉语提示完成单词 1.typhoon 2.injured 3.occurred 4.relief 5.destructive 6.confirm 7.keep her head 8.signals I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.destructive 2.injured 3.occurred 4relief 5.confirmed 6.keep 7.signaled 8.safe and sound V完成句子 1.destructive effects 2.occurred to 3.safe and sound 4.confirmed 5.kept his head V.语篇填空 1.disaster 2.injured 3.kept his head 4.safe and sound 5reaction 6.confirmed P