Unit 1 Honesty and responsibility二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲选择性必修第四册（译林版）

高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 Unit 1 【Unit1】Honesty and responsibility 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 photographer/fa'tografa()/n.sew/saU/i.&t.(sewed,sewm)完整，完好 摄影师，拍照者 缝，做针线活：缝上 organic:'genk/adj.有机的， guilty/'grti/ad.感到内疚的，感pretend /pr'tend/vi.&t.假装：统一的：绿色的，不使用化肥的： 到惭愧的；有罪的，有过失的 装扮，扮作：自称，自认为 生物的 ashamed /'femmd/adj.惭愧，羞privilege./prrvalid3/n.荣幸；特starfish/'sta:fif/n.海星，星鱼 愧，尴尬 殊利益；t.给予特权，特别优discour aged/dis'krId3d/adj.灰 forgive/fa'giv/vt.vi.(forgave, 心的 forgiven)原谅，宽恕：免除（债embrace/m'brers/t.&vi.欣然garbage/'gab1d3/n.垃圾，废话 务) 接受；包含；拥抱 saving/'servu)/n.节省物，节省： cheat/tf:t/vt.欺骗，蒙骗：vi.作phase /ferz/n.阶段，时期 储蓄金 弊，舞弊 anchor/'ekar)/n.锚：给以安bonus/'bans/n.意外收获：奖 w即p/t.包裹；用…缠绕：全感的人（或物）：vⅵ.&t.抛锚：金，红利 n.披肩，围巾：包装材料 使固定 weigh on sb/sth使焦虑不安，加 parcel/pas/n.包裹，小包：一mercy/m3sin.仁慈，宽恕；at重…的思想负担 块地：t.裹好，打包 the mercy of sb/sth任…处置，对jade/d3eIdn.玉，碧玉 bow /ba/n.蝴蝶结：弓；ba/vi.…无能为力 sow /sau/vt.vi.(sowed,sown) 鞠躬；低（头） likewise/'laikwaiz/adv.同样地；播种，种 nephew/'nefju:;'nevju:/n.侄子，也，而且 harvest/'ha:vIst/n.收成，收获 外甥 deadline/'dedlam/n.最后期限，量：收获季节，收割：vi.&t. disappointed/,ds3'poitid/adj.截止日期 收割，捕猎 失望的，沮丧的 guidance/'gaidns/n.指导，导航rejoice/r'dIs/vi.&t.非常高 wrinkle/'rmkl/n.皱纹；褶皱，皱fault /fo:It//n.过错，责任；缺点，兴，深感欣喜 痕：t.&vi.(使脸上)起皱纹，皱缺点 quote /kwaot/n.引言；t.&vi. 起 virtue/'v3tu/n.美德；正直的引用，引述，举例说明 pause /po:z/vi..停顿，暂停；n.品性；优点 停顿，停顿的时间 integrity/n'tegrati/n.诚实正直； 词义辨析及同义替换 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 1.guilty/'grlti/adj.感到内疚的，感到惭愧的：有罪的，有过失的 词义辨析： guy:侧重因做错事或违法而感到“内疚的、有罪的”，可用于法律语境或道德层面。 ashamed:强调因自身行为不端、能力不足等感到“羞愧的、尴尬的”，侧重内心的羞耻感。 同义替换： ashamed,culpable 例句： He felt guilty for lying to his parents. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四单元测试） She was of cheating in the exam and refused to talk to anyone. A.guilty B.ashamed C.disappointed(答案：B) 2.forgive /fa'gIv/t.&vi.(forgave,forgiven)原谅，宽恕；免除（债务） 词义辨析： forgive:侧重主动放下对他人过错的怨恨，强调“宽恕”，宾语通常是人或行为。 excuse:指“原谅轻微的过失或疏忽”，语气较轻，常用搭配excuse sb for sth。 同义替换： pardon,excuse 例句： It's hard to forgive someone who has hurt you deeply. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四同步练习） -Will you me for breaking your glasses? -Of course.It was just an accident. A.forgive B.forget C.punish (答案：A) 3.disappointed/,dhsa'pomtId/adj.失望的，沮丧的 词义辨析： disappointed:指因期望未实现而感到“失望的”，主语通常是人，搭配be disappointed at/about/with。 discouraged:侧重因困难或失败而“灰心的、泄气的”，强调失去信心。 同义替换： disheartened,let down 2 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： She was disappointed with the result of the competition. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四单元练习) After failing the driving test twice,he felt and decided to take a break A.disappointed B.discouraged C.ashamed (答案：B) 4.pretend /prI'tend/vi.&t.假装：装扮，扮作：自称，自认为 词义辨析： pretend:指“有意识地假装某种状态或行为”，后接不定式或that从句。 act:侧重“表演、扮演”，指通过动作或语言模仿他人，常与as连用。 同义替换： feign,simulate 例句： He pretended to be asleep when his mother came in. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四阶段检测) The children to be pirates and played on the beach A.pretended B.acted C.appeared(答案：A) 5.mercy/'m3si/n.仁慈，宽恕；at the mercy of sb/sth任…处置，对…无能为力 词义辨析： mercy:指对弱者或犯错者的“仁慈、宽恕”，强调同情心。 pty:侧重对他人不幸的“怜悯、同情”，语气较弱。 同义替换： forgiveness,compassion 例句： The prisoner begged for mercy from the king. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四阅读填空） The sailors were the mercy of the storm and could do nothing but wait (答案：at) 6.fault /f:lt/n.过错，责任：缺点，缺点 3 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 词义辨析： fault::指“过错、过失”，强调对错误的责任，常用搭配It'sone's fault。 mistake:泛指“错误”，侧重因疏忽或经验不足导致的失误。 同义替换： blame,error 例句： It's your fault that we missed the train-you were late! 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四语法填空） He admitted his and apologized to his teacher (答案：fault) 7.itue/v3tu/n.美德；正直的品性；优点 词义辨析： virtue:指“美德、高尚的品德”，如诚实、勇敢等，也可指事物的“优点”。 merit:侧重“功绩、优点”，指值得称赞的品质或成就。 同义替换： goodness,merit 例句： Honesty is a virtue that everyone should have. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四阅读理解） The passage mainly discusses the of patience in interpersonal relationships. A.virtue B.fault C.mercy (答案：A) 8.integrity/m'tegrati/n.诚实正直；完整，完好 词义辨析： integrity:强调“诚实正直的品格”，或事物的“完整性”。 honesty:仅指“诚实、不撒谎”，侧重言行一致。 同义替换： honesty,uprightness 例句： The leader is respected for his integrity and fairness. 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四写作任务） Write an essay about the importance of in modern society. (答案：integrity） 9.harvest /'ha:vIst/n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割；vi.&t.收割，捕猎 词义辨析： harvest:指“农作物的收获”或“收获季节”，也可作动词表示“收割”。 cop:侧重“农作物本身”，如小麦、玉米等，也指“一季的收成”。 同义替换： yield,gather 例句： Farmers are busy with the harvest in autumn 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四完形填空） After a good the villagers celebrated with a big feast. A.harvest B.crop C.saving(答案：A) 10.rejoice'd3oIs/vi.&t.非常高兴，深感欣喜 词义辨析： rejoice:正式用语，指“因成功、好消息等而感到极大喜悦”，常用搭配rejoice at/in/over。 cheer:侧重因喜悦而“欢呼、喝彩”，常与up连用表示“使高兴”。 同义替换： delight,cheer 例句： We rejoiced at the news of her recovery. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四单元测试） The whole class when they heard they won the competition A.rejoiced B.disappointed C.discouraged (答案：A) 11.quote /kwaut/n.引言：t.&vi.引用，引述，举例说明 词义辨析： quote:指“直接引用他人的话或文字”，常与from连用。 cite:侧重“引用权威资料或例子来支持观点”，比quote更正式。 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 同义替换： cite,repeat 例句： The teacher quoted a sentence from Shakespeare in her lecture. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四阅读理解) The author data from recent studies to support his argument. A.quoted B.pretended C.embraced(答案：A) l2.embrace/m'breis/t.&i.欣然接受：包含；拥抱 词义辨析： embrace::指“欣然接受某种观点、变化”，或“拥抱”，也可表示“包含”。 accept:普通用词，指“接受”，不强调主观意愿的积极程度。 同义替换： accept,adopt 例句： She embraced the opportunity to study abroad. 真题链接：（译林版高中选择性必修四语法填空） We should new technology to improve our work efficiency. (答案：embrace) 综合演练 综合练习 一、 单项选择 1.She felt for not telling her friend the truth about the accident. A.guilty B.ashamed C.disappointed 2.The teacher decided to the student for being late,as it was his first time. A.forgive B.excuse 6 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.punish 3.After several failures in the project,the team began to feeland unsure about continuing. A.disappointed B.discouraged C.ashamed 4.The actor can_different characters perfectly,making the audience believe his roles. A.pretend B.act C.simulate 5.The villagers rely on the annualfor their main source of income. A.harvest B.crop C.yield 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.It is a virtue to show m to those who make mistakes. 2.The company's success is built on the iof its leaders and employees. 3.She was dwith her exam results and planned to study harder next time. 4.The children like to pto be astronauts and explore"space"in the backyard. 5.The farmer was busy g the wheat during the harvest season 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.Honesty and kindness are important(virtue)in any relationship 2.The leader was praised for his(integrity)and fair decisions. 3.They(rejoice)at the news that their team had won the championship. 4.He_(pretend)to be reading when his mother entered the room 5.After the storm,the villagers worked together to restore the(integral)of their community. 四、完成句子（每空一词) 1.他因打碎了妈妈的花瓶而感到内疚。 He felt breaking his mother's vase. 1 高中选择性必修第四册译林版 【Unit1】 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 2.我们应该欣然接受新技术带来的变化。 We should_the changes brought by new technology. 3.村民们在丰收后举行了一场盛大的庆祝活动。 The villagers held a big celebration after a good_ 4.这位作家引用了古代哲学的观点来支持自己的论点。 The writer ideas from ancient philosophy to support his argument. 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Sarah used to be a dishonest student.She often (1)(pretend/acted)to finish her homework but actually copied from others.Her teacher noticed this and had a talk with her,saying,"True (2) (integrity/honesty)means taking responsibility for your actions." Sarah felt (3)-(guilty/ashamed)and decided to change.She started doing her homework inde- pendently and even helped classmates with difficult problems.When she failed a test,she was (4) (disappointed/discouraged)but didn't give up.Instead,she asked the teacher for help and improved gradually. At the end of the term,Sarah won an award for her progress.Her parents(5)(rejoiced/cheered) at her growth,and her teacher said,"Patience and(6)(virtue/merit)are the keys to success."Now Sarah understands that(7)(integrity/mercy)is more important than good grades. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.A2B3B4.B5.A Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.mercy 2.integrity 3.disappointed 4.pretend 5.gathering I.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.virtues 2.integrity 3rejoiced 4.pretended 5.integrity V.完成句子 1.guilty for 2.embrace 3.harvest 4.quoted V.语篇填空 1.pretended 2.integrity 3.guilty 4.disappointed 5.rejoiced 6.virtue 7.integrity P