内容正文:
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
Unit 3
【Unit3】Careers and skills (Part2)
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
本单元核心词汇
一、
全部单元单词
groundwork/'graondw3k/n.基gain the upper hand处于有利relevant/relavant/adj.紧密相
础工作,准备工作
地位,有优势
关的,切题的:有价值的,有意
premier/'premia()/adj.最著名applicant./'eplikant/n.申请人义的
的,最成功的,第一的:n.首prior/'prara(r)/adj.在前的;优infer /i'f3:(r)/t.推断,推论,
相,总理
先的,占先的;prior to在…之推理
institute/'nstrtju:t/n.机构,机前
*convey /kan'vet.表达,传
构建筑:t.建立,制定(体系、profile/'provfar/n.概述;形象;递;传送,运送
政策等
侧面轮廓:t.概述,写简介firm/f3m/adj.强有力的,坚决
*proportion /pra'pon/n.(体、criterion/kra'tein/n.(pl.cri-的:坚固的:坚定的;牢固的:
政的)比例:部分,份额:比例;teria)标准,准则
n.商行,公司
体积,面积
*concisely /kan'sarsli/adv.简明genuine/'d3 enjum/adj.真诚的,
fabric/faebrik/n.织物,布料地,简练地,简洁地
可信赖的:真的,名副其实的
fibre/'faba)/(AmE fiber)n.纤shave∫eIv/i.刮脸,剃须:t.*yawn /jo/vi.打哈欠
维制品:纤维:(纤维)
&vi.剃(须发),刮脸
seize/si:z/vt.抓住,把握;捉住,
qualification/kwplrfi'kerfn/n.refreshed/rI'fre/adj.恢复了精夺;攻占;没收
资格,资历:学历;合格,达到力的,精神振作的
corporate/'ko:parat/adj.公司
标准
mode /maud/n.方式,风格,样的:全体的,共同的
swing /swn四/t.&vi.(swung,式
put one's best foot forward全力
swung)(使)改变;(使)摆动;n.delay/d'le/n.延迟的时间:延以赴
改变;摆动;秋千:swing into期,耽搁:vi.&t.延迟,延期:rainbow/'rembau/n.彩虹
action立即行动起来,马上大干使迟到,使拖延
nadam/maedam/n.女士,夫人
起来
duration/dju'ren/n.持续时间,temporary/'temprari/adj.临时
label/'lebl/n.标签:(不恰当的)期间;for the duration直到…结的,短暂的
称谓:t.贴标签于:(尤指不公束,在整个…期间
bowling/'bal)/n.保龄球运动
正地)把…称为
rude /ru:d/adj.粗鲁的,无礼的,tournament
/'toanemant;
candidate
/'kaendidat,粗野的
'to:namant//n.锦标赛
'kaendidert/n.候选人;应试者;justify/'d3 Astifar/t.对…作出
被认定适合者
解释,为…辩解:证明…正确
1
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
词义辨析及同义替换
1.
candidate/'kaendidat;'kaendr dert/n.候选人:应试者:被认定适合者
词义辨析:
candidate:指“候选人、应试者”,侧重竞争中的人选,如职位候选人或考试应试者。
applicant:仅指“申请人”,侧重提交申请的人,如工作、学校的申请者,范围更广。
同义替换:
applicant,contender
例句:
There are three candidates for the monitor position
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)
All
must submit their resumes before Friday.
A.candidates B.applicants C.profiles(答案:B)
2.prior/'prara(r)/ad.在前的:优先的;prior to在…之前
词义辨析:
prior:强调时间或顺序上“在前的”,常与介词to搭配,构成prior to(在…之前)。
previous:侧重“先前的、以往的”,可直接修饰名词,如previous experience(以往经验)。
同义替换:
previous,preceding
例句:
She had worked as a teacher prior to becoming a writer.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试)
Please finish the task to the meeting
A.prior B.previous C.before(答案:A)
3.justify/'d3△stfa/t.对…作出解释;证明…正确
词义辨析:
justify:侧重“证明…合理或正确”,强调通过理由或事实支持某行为或观点。
explain:仅指“解释、说明”,侧重使某事清晰易懂,不强调对错。
同义替换:
defend,vindicate
例句:
The company must justify its decision to lay off employees
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册期中测试)
Iow can you」
your rude behavior to the teacher?
A.explain B.justify C.convey
(答案:B)
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高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
4.relevant/'relavant/adj.紧密相关的;切题的
词义辨析:
relevant:强调“与主题或目的直接相关的”,反义词irrelevant(不相关的)。
related:侧重“有联系的”,可指间接关联,如related topics(相关话题)。
同义替换:
related,applicable
例句:
Make sure your answers are relevant to the questions.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册期末测试)
These documents are not to the current case
A.relevant
B.related C.prior(答案:A)
5.convey /kan've/t.表达,传递:传送,运送
词义辨析:
convey:侧重“传递思想、情感或信息”,也可指“运输物品”,正式用语。
express:.仅指“表达(情感、观点)”,如express thanks(表达感谢),不用于“运输”。
同义替换:
express,deliver
例句:
Art can convey emotions that words cannot describe.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)
The letter
her best wishes to the family.
A.conveys B.expresses
C.infers(答案:A)
6.delay/d'le/n.延迟:t.延期
词义辨析:
delay:既可作名词也可作动词,强调“因意外或故意导致的延期”,如flight delay(航班延误)。
postpone:仅作动词,侧重“主动推迟”,常与plan、meeting等搭配,如postpone the meeting(推
迟会议)。
同义替换:
postpone,defer
例句:
The bad weather caused a delay in the project.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试)
We had to
the picnic because of the rain.
A.delay
B.postpone C.duration(答案:B)
7.mode/maud/n.方式,风格,样式
3
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
词义辨析:
mode:侧重“特定的方式或模式”,如生活方式(mode of life)、运输方式(mode of transport)。
way:最常用,泛指“方法、方式”,可替换mode,但口语化更强。
同义替换:
way,method
例句:
Online shopping has become a popular mode of consumption
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)
What's your favorite
of learning English?
A.mode B.way C.profile
(答案:B)
8.riterion/krar'trian/n.(pl.criteria)标准,准则
词义辨析:
criterion:指“判断或评价的正式标准”,为可数名词,复数形式为criteria。
standard:含义更广,可指“普遍认可的标准”,如moral standards(道德标准),单复数同形。
同义替换:
standard,guideline
例句:
The main criterion for admission is academic performance.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册期中测试)
What are the
for a good employee in your company?
A.criteria
B.standards C.profiles
(答案:A)
9.convey /kan've/vt.表达;传送
词义辨析(补充):
convey:作“传送”时,侧重通过媒介传递物品或信息,如convey a message(传递消息)。
transport:仅指“运输、运送”,侧重物质上的转移,如transport goods(运输货物)。
同义替换:
transport,deliver
例句:
The pipeline conveys oil from the field to the refinery.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册期末测试)
Trucks are used to
food to remote areas
A.convey B.transport C.swing
(答案:B)
l0.gain the upper hand处于有利地位
词义辨析:
gain the upper hand:强调“通过竞争或努力获得优势”,短语动词,主语多为竞争者。
take advantage of:侧重“利用机会或优势”,如take advantage of the discount(利用折扣)。
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
同义替换:
get an advantage,dominate
例句:
After scoring the second goal,our team gained the upper hand.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册同步练习)
The company
by offering better customer service
A.gained the upper hand B.took advantage C.justified
(答案:A)
1l.concise/kan'saIs/adj.简明的(注:原词为concisely,此处补充形容词形式便于辨析)
词义辨析:
concise:强调“简洁明了的”,指用简练语言表达完整意思,如a concise summary(简明摘要)。
brief:侧重“简短的”,指时间或内容短,如a brief introduction(简短介绍)。
同义替换:
brief,succinct
例句:
Please write a concise report of no more than 500 words.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册单元测试)
The speaker gave a
explanation of the theory.
A.concise B.brief C.relevant
(答案:A)
l2.swing into action立即行动起来
词义辨析:
swing into action:强调“迅速、果断地开始行动”,常含紧迫感,如emergency response(应急行
动)。
take action:泛指“采取行动”,不强调速度,如take action to solve problems(采取行动解决问
题)。
同义替换:
spring into action,act quickly
例句:
When the fire alarm rang,the firefighters swung into action.
真题链接:(译林版高中选择性必修第四册期中测试)
We must
to prevent the spread of the disease.
A.swing into action B.take action C.delay
(答案:B)
综合演练
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
综合练习
一、
单项选择
1.To apply for the position,all
need to fill in the online form by Friday.
A.candidates
B.applicants
C.profiles
2.Please ensure all preparations are completed to the deadline.
A.prior
B.previous
C.before
3.The student tried to
his late submission by explaining his family emergency.
A.explain
B.justify
C.convey
4.These historical records are not to our current research topic
A.relevant
B.related
C.prior
5.The company
in the market by launching innovative products.
A.gained the upper hand
B.took advantage
C.justified
二、根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.The job
(候选人)will be interviewed next Monday.
2.She has no
(先前的)experience in this field
3.The manager needs to
(证明…正确)the budget increase to the board.
4.Make sure your arguments are_
(相关的)to the topic
5.This train
(运送)passengers between the two cities daily.
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.The
(criterion)for success include hard work and creativity.
6
高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
2.She spoke
(concise)to save time in the meeting.
3.The team_
(gain)the upper hand after scoring the winning goal.
4.We had to
(postpone)the trip due to bad weather.
5.This new
(mode)of communication has changed our daily life.
四、完成句子(每空一词)
1.演讲者用简洁的语言传达了他的想法。
The speaker
his ideas in
language
2.所有申请人必须在面试前提交简历。
All
must submit their resumes
the interview.
3.他们需要证明这个项目的必要性。
They need to
the of the project.
4.恶劣天气导致了航班延误。
The bad weather caused a of the flight.
五、语篇填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连
贯。
When applying for a job,applicants must meet certain (1)
(criterion).Employers often look
for (2)
(relevant)experience and skills.Before the interview,candidates should (3)
(justify)their qualifications clearly.Some may(4)(postpone)the interview if they have prior
commitments,but this should be avoided.During the interview,it's important to(5)
(convey)
confidence and professionalism.Those who can (6)
(gain the upper hand)through strong
communication will have a better chance of success.
参考答案
I.单项选择
1.B2.A3B4.A5.A
IⅡ根据句意及汉语提示完成单词
1.candidates 2.previous 3.justify
4.relevant
5.transports
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高中选择性必修第四册译林版
【Unit3】
词义辨析及同义替换精讲
ⅡI用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.criteria 2.concisely 3.gained 4.postpone
5.mode
V.完成句子
1.conveyed;concise 2.applicants,prior to 3.justify,necessity
4.delay
V.语篇填空
1.criteria 2.relevant 3.justify 4.postpone
5.convey
6.gain the upper hand
8