27 选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Careers and skills（配套教参Word版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义（译林版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义覆盖词汇、语法、短语、句式等核心考点，按“基础词汇-核心短语-经典句式-真题应用”逻辑架构知识体系，通过考点梳理（如课标单词分类记忆）、方法指导（如句式结构分析）、真题训练（高考原句解读）等环节，帮助学生系统构建知识网络，突破语法难点和词汇应用瓶颈。 资料以语境化教学和分层训练为特色，如核心单词结合教材对接和语境练悟培养语言能力，“职业体验”微写作任务融合单元知识点提升思维品质。设置基础巩固、能力提升、培优拓展三级练习，配合即时反馈机制，确保高效突破考点，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供全面支持。

高考原句 句式分析 汉语试译 1．(2023·全国甲卷)Our hope is to have a clean，attractant­free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits． 本句是一个复合句。to have a clean，attractant­free place充当is的表语；where bears can pass through without learning bad habits是where 引导的定语从句。 我们希望有一个干净、没有引诱剂的地方，让熊可以在不学习坏习惯的情况下通过。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run． 本句是一个并列句。but 连接两个并列分句；在第二个分句中waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run是宾语从句；其中waiting for things充当主语。 即时满足在当时似乎是最“感觉良好”的选择，但心理学研究表明，从长远来看，等待事情实际上会让我们更快乐。 [Part 1　巧记·课标单词] 写作单词|悉其识 1．　salary　 n．　　　　　薪金，薪水 2．　labour　 n． 劳动，体力劳动 3．　attain　 vt． 达到；获得 4．　passion　 n． 强烈情感；酷爱 5．　prejudice　 n． 偏见，成见 6．　consultant　 n． 顾问，会诊医师 7．　respective　 adj． 分别的，各自的 8．　hire　 v． 聘用，雇佣 n． 新雇员 9．　commercial　 adj． 商业的 10．　weekly　 adj． 每周的 adv． 按周地 n． 周报 11．　monthly　 adj． 每月的 adv． 每个月 n． 月刊 12．　budget　 n． 预算 13．　detective　 n． 侦探，警探 14．　premier　 adj． 最著名的，最成功的 n． 首相，总理 15．　swing　 v． 改变；摆动 16．　candidate　 n．　候选人；应试者 17．　prior　 adj． 在前的，优先的 18．　criterion　 n． 标准，准则 19．　shave　 n． 刮脸，剃须 v． 剃发，刮脸 20．　delay　 n． 延期，耽搁 v． 延迟，延期 21．　duration　 n． 持续时间，期间 22．　rude　 adj． 粗鲁的，无礼的 23．　justify　 vt． 对……作出解释 24．　infer　 vt． 推断，推论 25．　firm　 adj． 强有力的，坚决的 26．　genuine　 adj． 真诚的 27．　seize　 vt． 抓住，把握 28．　corporate　 adj． 公司的；全体的 29．　madam　 n． 女士，夫人 30．　temporary　 adj． 临时的，短暂的 拓展单词|通其用 1．　participant　 n．参与者，参加者→　participate　 v．参与，参加；分担→　participation　 n．参与，分享 2．　lawyer　 n．律师→　law　 n．法律 3．　servant　 n．雇员，仆人→　service　 n．服务 4．　respective　 adj．分别的，各自的→　respectively　 adv．分别地，各自地 5．　receptionist　 n．接待员→　reception　 n．接待； 欢迎； 招待会； 接待处 6．　operator　 n．(电脑)操作员；接线员→　operate　 v．操作；动手术→　operation　 n．操作；手术 7．　commercial　 adj．商业的→　commerce　 n．商贸，商业 8．　subjective　 adj．主观的→　objective　 adj．客观的 9．　qualification　 n．资格；资历→　qualified　 adj．有资格的；能胜任的→　qualify　 vt．(使)合格；(使)具有资格 10．　applicant　 n．申请人→　apply　 vi．申请；应用→　application　 n．申请书；申请 阅读单词|明其义 1．zone n．　　　　地区；区域　 2．leadership n． 　领导地位　 3．loan n． 　贷款，借款　 vt． 借出，借给　 4．client n． 　客户，顾客　 5．plug vt． 　补足，供给　 n． 插头，插座　 6．groundwork n．　基础工作，准备工作　 7．institute n． 　机构，机构建筑　 vt． 　建立，制定　 8．fibre n． 　纤维制品；纤维素　 9．label n． 　标签　 vt． 　贴标签　 10．mode n． 　方式，风格，样式　 1．职位与职称 2．工作 ①position n．位置；职位 ②assistant n．助手；助理 ③engineer n．工程师；技师 ④secretary n．秘书；部长 ⑤accountant n．会计；会计师 ⑥consultant n．顾问 ①interview n．& vt． 采访；面试　　　　　②applicant n．申请人 ③candidate n．候选人；申请人 ④appointment n．预约；任命 ⑤employ/hire vt．雇用 ⑥recommend vt．推荐 ⑦profession/occupation n．职业 ⑧employee n．雇员 ⑨employer n．雇主 ⑩get/be promoted 获得晋升 ⑪interviewee n．参加面试者；接受采访者 ⑫interviewer n．面试官；采访人 ⑬appoint vt．任命；委任；安排；确定(时间、地点) [Part 2　妙记·核心短语] 1．　earn a living　　　　　谋生 2．　be fond of　 喜爱 3．　comfort zone　 舒适区，放松区 4．　weigh up　 权衡，斟酌 5．　put．．．on the line　 让……处于危险之中 6．swing into action　立即行动起来，马上大干起来　 7．gain the upper hand　　　　处于有利地位　 8．prior to 　在……之前　 9．for the duration 　直到……结束　 10．put one's best foot forward 　全力以赴　 1．“be＋adj．＋of”短语归纳 2．“v．＋up”短语集合 ①be fond of 喜欢；喜爱 ②be tired of 对……厌倦 ③be afraid of 害怕…… ④be aware of 意识到；知道 ⑤be proud of 为……自豪 ①come up 走近；上来；被提出，被提及 ②weigh up 权衡，斟酌 ③use up 用完 ④bring up 抚养 ⑤hold up 举起；阻挡 ⑥stay up 熬夜 [Part 3　速记·经典句式] 典型句式 教材原句 1．过去分词(短语)作状语 Yang Liwei, for example, 　driven by his passion for flying　 (对飞行的热爱)，become a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space． 2．which 引导的非限制性定语从句 I am also thinking about trying my hand at CAD, 　which is becoming more and more popular in the fashion　 industry (这在时尚界正变得越来越流行)． 3．while引导的状语从句的省略 　While speaking　 (说话时) make constant eye contact but do not stare fixedly at the interviewer． 4．so that 引导的状语从句 Get a good night's rest 　so that you feel and look refreshed　 (这样你会感到精神焕发)． 5．how 引导的感叹句 I understand 　how stressful that can be　 (那是多么有压力)． [核心单词] 1．superior adj．好的，占优势的 n． 级别更高的人 ►[教材对接] In a successful, stable and productive society, all jobs are equally important and no one is superior to another, so we should not have prejudice against any of them． 在一个成功、稳定且富有成效的社会里，所有的工作都同等重要，没有哪一份工作优于别的工作，因此我们对任何工作都不应该抱有偏见。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior 　to　 any other candidate． ②He had a well­developed sense of his own 　superiority　(superior)． ③He always does what his 　superiors　 (superior) tell him． [考点归纳]——知识生成 superior in 在……方面占优势的 superior to 优于，胜过，比……好 be sb．'s superior in 在……方面比某人强 [名师点津]　“比……强”要用superior to，而不能用superior than 类似的短语有：be senior to，be junior to，inferior to等。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　No one is her superior in　 typewriting in this office． 在这个办公室里没人比她打字更出色。 2．operate vt．操作，使运行 vi． 运转；动手术 ►[教材对接] ．．．such as machine operating and software programming． ……例如机器操作和软件编程。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①The boy fell off a truck and the doctor began to operate 　on　 the boy． ②These features operate 　against　 the public interest． ③(2021·全国乙卷)We had a woman patient who was recovering from a knee replacement 　operation　 (operate)． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)operate．．．on 对……动手术 operate for 做……的手术 operate against违背，对……不利 (2)operation n．操作，运行，手术 in operation 生效，运转着 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④It's too difficult 　for him to operate this new advanced machine　． 对他来说，操作这台先进的机器太难了。 3．hire n．& vt．租用；雇用 ► [教材对接] However, in the future, employers will look to hire people who are ready and able to learn． 然而，在未来，雇主乐意雇佣那些准备好并且能学习的人们。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①(2023·全国甲卷)It 　hires　(hire) staff from India． ②There are many bicycles 　on　 hire in this area． ③There are three small boats available 　for　 hire． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)on hire 出租 for hire 可供出租 (2)hire sth．out (to sb．)把……租出去(给某人) [链接写作]——完成句子 ④On the one hand，they complain that the competition in job hunting is so fierce；on the other hand, 　a lot of factories can't hire enough workers　． 一方面，他们抱怨找工作竞争如此激烈；另一方面，许多工厂无法雇用足够的工人。 4．qualification n．资格；资历 ►[教材对接] After much thought, I decided to develop these skills and get the right qualification by studying art at university． 经过深思熟虑，我决定通过在大学学习艺术来培养这些技能并取得适当的资质。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①Experience is more important for this job than paper 　qualification　． ②(2023·全国卷)I think I'm well 　qualified　(qualify) for the accountant position here． ③His training qualifies him 　as　 a teacher of English． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)qualify v．使具有资格 qualify．．．as sth． 取得……资格 qualify sb． for sth． 使某人具备……的资格 (2)qualified adj．有资格的 be qualified for＋名词，表示具备……的学历或资历的意思 be qualified to do sth． 有资格做某事 [链接写作]——单句写作 ④　She's extremely well qualified for the job．　 她非常适合做这项工作。 5．delay n．& v．延期，耽搁；推迟 ►[教材对接] Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays． 检查面试的地址，确定使用何种交通方式，并为交通延误留出额外时间。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①There was 　a　 delay (of two hours) before the plane took off． ②I think we should delay 　deciding　 (decide)about the matter until next year． ③(2023·北京卷)People's hesitancy 　to delay　 (delay)satisfaction is the most obvious example, but there are others． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)delay doing sth． 推迟做某事 (2)without delay立即；毫不延迟地 (3)delay for 耽误……时间 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④　We must delay our journey　 until the weather improves． 我们必须把旅行推迟， 等天气好转再说。 6．seize vt．抓住；控制；夺取 ►[教材对接] Towards the end of the interview, don't forget to seize the moment and ask questions． 面试快结束的时候，别忘了抓住机会问问题。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①His friend was in time to seize him 　by　 the arm before he fell over． ②The critics seized 　on　 my mistake and said I was ignorant． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)seize sb．by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 seize the chance/opportunity 抓住机会 seize．．．by surprise 突袭…… (2)seize on/upon 采用；抓住；利用(借口等) [链接写作]——完成句子 ③　Seize the chance　，otherwise you will regret it． 抓住机会， 否则你会后悔的。 [间考单词] 1．prior adj．先前的；优先的 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①All the agreements should be completed prior 　to　 your departure． ②Just phone in your order 　two or more days prior to　 departure． 只要在出发前两天或两天以上打电话订购就行。 ③The agreement should be in place 　prior to starting the work　． 协议需要在工作开始前就到位。 2．refreshed adj．恢复精力的，精神振作的 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空/补全句子 ①Plan your activities so that you are rested and 　refreshed　 (refresh)when something important is coming up． ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)The entire experience was incredibly 　refreshing　(refresh)． ③Please recommend me some 　refreshments　 (refresh)Chinese people like to have． ④The right vacation at the right time can 　refresh your body and mind　． 在合适的时间度过适宜的假期可以让你的身心焕然一新。 1．earn a living谋生 ►[教材对接] However, earning a living is by no means the only reason why we work．．． 然而，谋生绝不是我们工作的唯一原因…… [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①He was able to turn to writing to earn 　a　 living． ②Players should be allowed 　to earn　 (earn)money from advertising． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)make a living谋生 (2)earn by 用……博得 (3)earn by hard labour 靠辛勤劳动挣来的 (4)earn by sweat and toil 靠血汗而挣得的 (5)earn for sb． 为某人博得 (6)earn with 用……挣得 [链接写作]——完成句子 ③Your education will equip you 　to earn a good living　． 你所受的教育会使你过上富裕的生活。 2．put one's best foot forward 全力以赴 ►[教材对接] If you follow these steps and put your best foot forward in your interview, you will be one step closer to reaching the end of the rainbow and obtaining your dream job． 如果你遵循这些步骤，并在面试中表现出最好的一面，你就会离到达彩虹的终点和获得理想的工作又近了一步。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①She was rushing around madly trying to put 　out　 the fire． ②Here I'd like to put 　forward　 three suggestions to solve the problems of traffic congestion． ③(2023·全国甲卷)I've moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put 　up　 pictures． [考点归纳]——知识生成 (1)put on 穿上；表演(节目) (2)put out 熄灭；扑灭 (3)put up 建造；张贴；供给……住宿 (4)put in 提出，提交；放入 (5)put aside 节省；储蓄；把……放在一边 [链接写作]——完成句子 ④When you go to that job interview tomorrow, 　you'd better put your best foot forward　 because there are twenty other people after the same job． 当你明天去面试工作时你最好全力以赴，因为有二十多个人都在争夺这个工作。 1．过去分词(短语)作状语 ►[教材对接] Yang Liwei, for example, driven by his passion for flying, became a pilot and then China's first astronaut in space． 例如，杨利伟，因为他对飞行的热爱，成了一名飞行员，然后成为了中国第一位太空宇航员。 [语境练悟]——单句语法填空 ①　Considered　 (consider) from this point of view，the question will be of great importance． ②　Buried　 (bury) deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal． ③　Faced　 (face) with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice． ④　Taken　 (take) good care of，the old man is living a happy life． [考点归纳]——知识生成 过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随等情况。过去分词结构可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，用逗号与主句隔开。过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 [链接写作]——完成句子 ⑤　Adapted in imaginative ways　， many have reappeared on city streets． 以富有想象力的方式调整， 许多公共电话亭重新出现在城市街道。 2．非限制性定语从句 ►[教材对接] I am also thinking about trying my hand at CAD, which is becoming more and more popular in the fashion industry． 我还想尝试一下计算机辅助设计，这在时尚界变得越来越流行。 [语境练悟]——补全句子 ①(2023·全国甲卷)She even played some recordings of their singing, 　which was fun　． 她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。 ②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Father helped them adjust the fire, 　which was the key to success　． 父亲帮助他们调整好火焰，这是成功的关键。 ③He failed in the exam again, 　which was unexpected　． 他又一次没通过考试，这是没有预料到的。 ④　As our teacher points out　，that book is of use to everyone． 正如老师指出的那样，那本书对每一个人都很有用。 [考点归纳]——知识生成 which 和as 都可以引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子。但是，注意二者区别： (1)which指前面提到的事实或情况，一般放在主句之后；as可以指前面或后面提到过的事实或情况，因此as可以放在句首、句末，也可以插入主句中。 (2)as含有“正如，按照，正像”之意，一般用在肯定句中；而which含义是具体语境，多用于含肯定，否定意义的句子中。 [链接写作]——句式升级 ⑤(2021·全国Ⅰ卷)The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50­kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon． →The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50­kilometer race walk，　about five miles longer than the marathon　． (独立主格) [全练透] Ⅰ．单词拼写 1．He took every chance to pass on his 　superior　 (占优势的，高级的) knowledge to his audience． 2．They accused him of having a 　prejudice　 (偏见) against women employees． 3．His brother is now a 　consultant　 (顾问) surgeon in Sweden． 4．The Lewis family 　operated　 (经营) a number of boats on the canal in the past． 5．Strong 　leadership　 (领导才能) is needed to captain the team． 6．A family on a tight 　budget　 (预算) can't afford meat every day． 7．Previous teaching experience is a necessary 　qualification　 (资格资历) for this job． 8．I actually interviewed a very promising 　applicant　 (申请人) just today． 9．Once you are practised in this sort of relaxation you will feel 　refreshed　 (精神振作的) afterwards． 10．Why should we 　justify　 (为……辩护) this kind of unhealthy development model? Ⅱ．单句语法填空 1．The doctors here say they will not operate 　on　 your son until they receive the money． 2．Another reason why some have determined to delay 　finding　 (find) work is to avoid the fierce competition in the job market． 3．He's been informed that he doesn't qualify 　for　 the scholarship because of his academic background． 4．Napoleon rose through the ranks of the French army during the French Revolution, 　seized　 (seize) control of the French government in 1799 and became emperor in 1804． 5．What you said isn't relevant 　to　 the subject． 6．Whenever he worked until midnight, he would drink a cup of tea to get 　refreshed　 (refresh)． 7．I had been living in Beijing for two years prior 　to　 meeting her． 8．I should apply 　for　 the post if I were you． I think you stand a good chance． 9．This model is technically superior 　to　 its competitors． 10．He hurried back, only 　to find　 that his mother had left． Ⅲ．选词填空 earn a living, be fond of, weigh up, comfort zone, prior to, gain the upper hand, swing into action, put one's best foot forward 1．The porter was the last person to see her 　prior to　 her disappearance． 2．When you go for a job interview, 　put your best foot forward　． 3．He could hardly 　earn a living　 in the country, so he came to the city to try his fortune． 4．They are progressing and at the appropriate time we will 　swing into action　 and life will change quite dramatically． 5．He 　is fond of　 wearing pink pointy hats and playing agile (机敏的) games． 6．If you stay within your 　comfort zone　 you will never improve． 7．The two sides were so well­matched that neither could 　gain the upper hand　． 8．And they'll 　weigh up　 the advantages and the disadvantages and then they'll make a decision． Ⅳ．完成句子 1．你知道我不是怀有偏见的人。 You know 　that I am not a prejudiced man　． 2．有谁知道怎么操作这个系统吗？ Who knows 　how to operate the system　？ 3．灰尘堵塞毛孔，从而生出粉刺。 Dirt clogs the pores, 　causing spots　． 4．他经常上课迟到，这使他妈妈很生气。 He was often late for class, 　which made his mother very angry　． 5．走了很长的一段路之后，一杯冷饮使我恢复了精神。 　A cool drink refreshed me　 after my long walk． [重落实] Ⅰ．单元巩固练 短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法。 There are many reasons why we need work． First, work enables us to be 1．　financially　 (finance) independent． Second, through the work we do, our goals can 2．　be attained　 (attain) and our personal dreams achieved． All of us have had dreams about one thing or 3．　another　 and work often enables us to purse those dreams． Third, work can also help develop our skills, thus 4．　providing　 (provide) room for personal 5．　growth　 (grow)． When we work, we must practice our skills constantly until we excel in 6．　what　 we do． Besides, work also contributes 7．　to　 the health of society． At the most basic level, the different types of jobs are like gears in 8．　a　 machine． All in all, our work, when 9．　done　 (do) well, will not only helps us make a living but also helps make a life for 10．　ourselves　 (we) and for others． Ⅱ．话题微写作(投稿) 假设你是李华。上个月，你参加了学校开展的“职业体验”(My First Experience in Career)实 践活动。现校英文报正向全校学生征集相关稿件。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．你体验的一项职业； 2．你的感受。 注意：1．写作词数应为80左右； 2．尽量用本单元知识点； 3．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 My First Experience in Career ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ [参考范文] My First Experience in Career Last month，I had the privilege of participating in our school's initiative，My First Experience in Career．It aimed to provide students like me with a glimpse into diverse professions． My journey began at a local hospital，where I shadowed as a diligent nurse for a day．Witnessing her interactions with patients，meticulous care，and swift decision­making，I gained a deeper understanding of the immense responsibility and compassion required in this noble profession．It was an eye­opening experience that left me grateful for the healthcare workers who tirelessly save lives． This practical experience transformed me，increasing my knowledge and igniting ambition．I'm thankful to our school for organizing such a meaningful program and excited for future opportunities． Ⅲ．读后续写微技能(27)——地理位置 ●[多样表达] 1．beach n．海滩 2．stream n．小溪 3．rock n．岩石 4．mountain n．山 5．situate vt．使(某物)位于 6．rural adj．农村的 7．beneath prep．在……下方 8．a favorably situated city位置优越的城市 9．a small village of the map地图上的一个小村庄 10．within a stone's throw of the beach 离海滨仅咫尺之遥 11．in a village among the hills 在群山环抱的村庄里 12．the thinly populated rural area 人烟稀少的农村地区 ●[佳句观摩] 1．在两个镇的中间有个小村子。 There is a small village midway between the two towns． 2．他们碰见了她，独自一人神色忧郁地走在海滩上。 They found her walking alone on the beach, depressed． 3．在这之前，他一直住在一个天气暖和的乡村里，那里，阳光洒满美丽的满是橘子的果园，田野里到处是芳香扑鼻的鲜花。 Before this, he had lived in a warm country，where the sun shines down on beautiful orange groves, and fields are always sweet with flowers． ●[好句仿写] 1．这幢房子坐落在松树丛中的一块岩石上。 The house stands 　on a rock among pines　 in a hill． 2．湖位于扬州城西北，从六朝以来就为风景胜地并且在乾隆时期盛极一时。 The lake 　is situated in the north­western part of the city Yangzhou　．It 　has been a scenic spot　， since the Six Dynasties and 　was in its full flourish　 in Emperor Qianlong Period． 3．我们以前住在一个漂亮的村庄里，有树和花草，连空气都是甜的。 We used to live in a beautiful village，and 　there were trees，flowers and green grass，and the air was so sweet　． [培优1]　单元知识链高考 一、熟词生义 1．The cheers of the audience drowned the professor's voice．　v．淹没 　 2．Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources (资源)．　adj．凶猛的　 3．They had barely sat down before forty policemen crowded in．　adv．刚刚 　 二、一词多义——据语境选出tank的含义 A．箱　　B．槽　　 C．罐　　D．坦克 1．I fill up the tank with gasoline about once a week．　 A 　 2．The tanks were mainly constructed of steel plates．　 D 　 [培优2]　高考语篇培素养——Topic：东南亚的巴瑶族人 ◆真题文本 ◆真题再做 　　(全国卷)We are the products of evolution，and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago．As scientists look deeper into our genes (基因)，they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years．People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes．Cattle­raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation (突变) that helps them digest milk as adults． On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation— not to air or to food，but to the ocean．A group of sea­dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers．The Bajau，as these people are known，number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia，Malaysia and the Philippines．They have traditionally lived on houseboats；in recent times，they've also built houses on stilts (支柱) in coastal waters．“They are simply a stranger to the land，”said Rodney C． Jubilado，a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau． 　　Dr． Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines．They made a living as divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish．“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders，”Dr． Jubilado said．“I could see them actually walking under the sea．” In 2015，Melissa Ilardo，then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen，heard about the Bajau．She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them．“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population，”said Dr． Ilardo．She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive． 1．What does the author want to tell us by the examples in Paragraph 1? A．Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers． B．New knowledge of human evolution． C．Recent findings of human origin． D．Significance of food selection． 2．Where do the Bajau build their houses? A．In valleys．　B．Near rivers． C．On the beach． D．Off the coast． 3．Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A．They could walk on stilts all day． B．They had a superb way of fishing． C．They could stay long underwater． D．They lived on both land and water． 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B．Highlanders' Survival Skills C．Basic Methods of Genetic Research D．The World's Best Divers [语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。研究发现居住在东南亚的巴瑶族人为了更好地生存，进化成了更好的潜水者。 1．B　[推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they are finding examples．．．thousand years”可以推断，作者举例主要是为了告诉读者人类进化的新知识。] 2．D　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They have traditionally lived．．．in coastal waters．”可知，巴瑶族人主要居住在沿海地区，故D项正确。] 3．C　[细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed．．．local islanders”可知，年轻的 Jubilado 对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待更长的时间。] 4．A　[标题归纳题。根据全文内容及第二段的研究结果“a team of researchers reported．．．but to the ocean”可知，本文主要讲述了巴瑶族人为了更好地适应海上的生活，身体结构发生了变化，所以A项适合作本文的标题。] ◆素材积累 (一)由文本积累主题词块 1．look deeper into　更深入研究　 2．cattle­raising people　养牛人；畜牧民族　 3．a team of researchers　一组研究人员　 4．live on houseboats　住在船上　 5．make a living as divers　以潜水为生　 6．a graduate student　一名研究生　 (二)由文本积累阅读词汇 1．evolution n．　进化　 2．highland n． 　高地；高原　 3．altitude n．　海拔　 4．sea­dwelling adj．　海上居住的　 5．coastal adj．　沿海的　 6．underwater adj．　水下的　 7．genetics n．　遗传学　 8．characteristic n．　特征　 (三)由文本辨熟词生义(将词义对应的字母填到横线上) 1．digest A．消化　B．文摘，摘要　C．领会；理解 ①Cattle­raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation that helps them digest milk as adults．　 A 　 ②They learn well but seem to need time to digest information．　 C 　 2．act A．行动　B．节目　C．法令　D．起作用 ①It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population．　 D 　 ②This year numerous bands are playing, as well as comedy acts．　 B 　 ◆长句缩写 On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation－not to air or to food, but to the ocean． [句子剖析]　请将句中的“枝叶”(名词短语、介词短语、非谓语动词短语、形容词、副词、连词、从句)去掉，留下“主干”(主谓宾或主系表)。 (On Thursday) [(in an article) (published in Cell)]，(a team of) researchers reported a (new kind of) adaptation－(not to air or to food, but to the ocean)． [句子缩写]　　Researchers reported an adaptation．　(不超过10个单词) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $