Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world二-2025-2026学年高中英语词义辨析及同义替换精讲必修第三册（译林版）

高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 高中专版 【Unit4】Scientists who changed the world 词义辨析及同义替换精讲 本单元核心词汇 一、全部单元单词 conduct/kan'dkt/t.&vi.组by accident偶然，意外地 metal/'metl/n.金属 织，实施；指挥；引导：举止intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.有才charge /tfa:d3t.&vi.充电；收 illustrate /'lastrert/t.说明，解智的，聪明的：有智力的 费：控告：谴责；使承担责任 释：加图于 favour/'feva)/(AmE favor)t.使充满；n.收费：控告：谴责： *penicillin /penI'sIlm/n. 青霉较喜欢；偏袒：有助于；n.帮掌管 素，盘尼西林 助，好事：赞同：偏祖 electric'lektrik/adj..电的，发 *mould /maold(AmE mold)n.politician/,pDla'tn/h.政治家，电的，电动的 霉菌：模具；类型：t浇铸，塑从政者；投机钻营者 *bang /bae划/h.突然的巨响：猛 造 *lightning/'lartnu/h.闪电 敲，猛击：vi.&t.砸；砰地关 *bacteria /baek'tiaria/n. (sing.electricity1,lek'trisati/n.电，电上；猛撞；碰撞 bacterium)细菌 能 with a bang很成功：引人注目， surround/s3'raund/vt.围绕，环theory/'9rari/n.学说，论；原理；有强烈影响 绕：包围；与.紧密相关 看法，意见 standout/'staendaut/.adj.突出的； indicate/'ndikeit/vt.表明；暗thunderstorm /'0 ndasto:m/m.n.突出的人（或物） 示：提及：指出 雷雨，雷暴 *atomic /a'tomk/adj.原子能的； accident/'aeksidant/n.意外，偶*ribbon/ribn/h.带子，丝带；原子的 然的事：事故，意外遭遇 带状物 词义辨析及同义替换 1.conduct /kan'dwkt/t.&vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 词义辨析： conduct:作动词时，侧重于“有计划地组织、执行（活动、实验等）”或“指挥（乐队、活动）”， 强调过程的有序性；也可指“举止、行为”。 organize:仅侧重“安排、组织（人员、事物）”，使有序进行，无“指挥”或“举止”含义。 同义替换： 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 organize,direct,manage 例句： The teacher conducted an experiment in the chemistry class.(译林版高中必修三单元练习) 2.illustrate/'Ilastrert/vt.说明，解释：加图于 词义辨析： illustrate:强调通过例子、图表等“具体说明、阐明”观点或事物，使内容更清晰。 explain:泛指“解释、说明”，侧重用语言或文字使他人理解，不强调形式。 同义替换： explain,demonstrate,clarify 例句： The professor used a chart to illustrate the relationship between temperature and pressure. 中必修三同步练习) 3.indicate/'Indikeit/vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 词义辨析： indicate:较正式，指“通过迹象、数据等间接表明”或“明确指出（方向、位置）”。 how:含义广泛，泛指“展示、显示”，可直接或间接表达，口语化较强。 同义替换： show,suggest,point out 例句： The survey results indicate that most students prefer online learning.(译林版高中必修三单元测试) 4.heoy/01 ari/n.学说，论；原理：看法，意见 词义辨析： theory:指“基于事实或推理的学说、理论”，具有系统性和科学性：也可指“个人看法”。 opinion:仅指“个人主观意见、看法”，无科学性或系统性。 同义替换： principle,view,hypothesis 例句： Darwin's theory of evolution is widely accepted in the scientific community..(译林版高中必修三阅读 拓展) 5.charge /tfa:d3t.&vi.充电：收费；控告；谴责；n.收费；控告；掌管 词义辨析： charge作“收费”时，主语多为“人或机构”，搭配charge sb.for sth.: cost作“花费”时，主语为“物”，搭配sth.costs sb.sth.。 同义替换： fee,accuse,,load(充电义) 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 例句： The hotel charges200 yuan per night for a single room.(译林版高中必修三单元练习) 6.intelligent/m'teld3nt/adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 词义辨析： intelligent:侧重“智商高、善于思考和学习”，强调理性和理解力。 clever:口语化，指“聪明、机灵”，侧重反应快或技巧性强。 同义替换： clever,smart,wise 例句： She is an intelligent student who always solves problems creatively.(译林版高中必修三同步练习) 7.favour/'feva(r)t.较喜欢；偏祖：有助于；n.帮助，好事；赞同 词义辨析： favour作动词“较喜欢”时，相当于prefer,语气更正式：作名词“帮助”时，搭配dosb.a favour。 prefer:仅表示“更喜欢”，无“偏祖”“帮助”含义。 同义替换： prefer,support,assist 例句： I favour the first option because it is more practical..(译林版高中必修三单元测试) 8.standout/'staendaut/adj.突出的；n.突出的人（或物） 词义辨析： standout::强调在同类中“显著突出、优秀”，既可作形容词也可作名词。 outstanding:仅作形容词，指“杰出的、未解决的”，语气更强，如outstanding achievements。 同义替换： outstanding,prominent,remarkable 例句： Her performance in the competition was a standout.(译林版高中必修三阅读练习) 9.electric'lektrik/adj.电的，发电的，电动的 词义辨析： electric:指“由电驱动的、发电的”，修饰具体电器或设备，如electric car。 electrical:指“与电相关的、电气的”，修饰抽象概念或学科，如electrical engineering。 同义替换： electrical,power-driven 例句： My father bought an electric bike to commute to work.(译林版高中必修三单元练习) 3 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 l0.accident/'aksidant/m.意外，偶然的事：事故 词义辨析： accident:指“意外事故”，强调突发性和不可预见性，如car accident。 incident:泛指“事件”，可指小事件或政治性事件，不一定是意外。 同义替换： mishap,incident,misfortune 例句： He was injured in a traffic accident last week.(译林版高中必修三单元测试) l1.surround/s3'raund/vt.围绕，环绕：包围：与.紧密相关 词义辨析： surround:强调“从四面八方包围、环绕”，形成封闭或半封闭状态。 encircle: 仅指“环绕、圈住”，侧重形成圆形或环形，无“紧密相关”含义。 同义替换： encircle,enclose,wrap 例句： The small village is surrounded by green mountains.(译林版高中必修三同步练习) l2.atomic/e'tomik/adj.原子能的：原子的 词义辨析： atomic: 特指“与原子相关的”或“原子能的”，如atomic energy。 nuclear:指“核的、核能的”，范围更广，可替换atomic(如nuclear power),但atomic更强调 “原子层面”。 同义替换： nuclear,atom-based 例句： The country is developing atomic energy to reduce reliance on fossil fuels.(译林版高中必修三阅读 拓展) 综合演练 综合练习 一、单项选择 1.The research team plans to a series of experiments to test the new theory A.organize B.conduct 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 C.manage 2.The teacher used a real-life example to the importance of teamwork A.explain B.illustrate C.suggest 3.The rising temperature that global warming is becoming more serious A.shows B.indicates C.points 4.Einstein's of relativity changed the way we understand the universe. A.theory B.opinion C.view 5.The restaurant 50 yuan for a bowl of noodles A.costs B.charges C.spends 6.The robot can solve complex math problems in seconds. A.clever B.intelligent C.smart 7.Most students online learning for its flexibility. A.prefer B.favour C.support 8.Her performance in the play was a and won her a lot of praise A.standout B.outstanding C.prominent 9.My brother is studying engineering to design new electrical devices. A.electric B.electrical C.electronic 10.The police are still investigating thethat happened on the highway yesterday. A.incident 5 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 B.accident C.mishap 二、根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.The scientist spent years developing a new tto explain black holes 2.Please i your name and address on the form before submitting it. 3.The hotel c extra money for room service. 4.The small town is s by beautiful lakes and forests. 5.Atomic energy is a powerful source of e but also has safety risks 6.The student's i answer impressed the teacher deeply. 三、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.The manager decided to (conduct)a meeting to discuss the new project. 2.The data (indicate)that sales have increased by 20%this year. 3.She is one of the most (intelligent)students in our class. 4.The artist used bright colors to (illustration)the theme of hope. 5.The company is developing (electric)cars to reduce carbon emissions. 四、完成句子（每空一词） 1.这位教授用图表说明了压力与健康的关系。 The professor used a chart to the relationship between stress and health. 2.调查结果表明大多数人支持这项新政策。 The survey results that most people support the new policy. 3.请帮我一个忙，把这些书搬到教室去。 Please do me a and carry these books to the classroom. 4.这个村庄被青山环绕，风景十分美丽。 The village isby green mountains,with very beautiful scenery. 6 高中必修第三册译林版 【Unit4】 D版词义辨析及同义替换精讲 五、语篇填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连 贯。 Scientists often need to (conduct/organize)experiments to test their hypotheses.Last month, a team (illustrated/explained)their new findings with a series of charts.The data (in- dicated/showed)that the new material could improve energy efficiency by 30%.Dr.Li,the lead researcher,has a strong(theory/opinion)about its practical applications.She believes it can be used in (electric/electrical)devices to reduce power consumption.Many experts (favour/prefer)this innovation,calling it a (standout/outstanding)breakthrough in the field. 参考答案 I.单项选择 1.B2B3B4.A5.B6.B7B8.A9.B10.B Ⅱ.根据句意及首字母提示填空 1.theory 2.indicate 3.charges 4.surrounded 5.energy 6.intelligent I用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.conduct 2.indicates 3.intelligent 4.illustrate 5.electric V.完成句子 1.illustrate 2.indicate 3.favour 4.surrounded V.语篇填空 1.conduct 2.illustrated 3.indicated 4.theory 5.electric 6.fayour 7.standout 7